CN112005881B - Breeding method of wheat variety with resistance to infection and expansion of gibberellic disease - Google Patents
Breeding method of wheat variety with resistance to infection and expansion of gibberellic disease Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method with infection resistance and expansion resistance to wheat scab, which comprises the following steps: 1) parental selection and F1Obtaining a substitute; 2) and (4) breeding low-generation selection: f2To F4Selecting single plants or single ears, inoculating diseased wheat grains in the field, combining water spraying and moisture preservation to determine gibberellic disease induced selective pressure, stopping water spraying, and screening target single plants with preliminary infection resistance; 3) and (3) breeding high-generation selection: f5And (D) further screening the target individual plant with the infection resistance by combining spore liquid spray inoculation and water spray moisture preservation on the target individual plant, F6Generation pair F5And synchronously identifying the expansion resistance and the infection resistance of the target individual plant obtained by the generation in the field by single flower instillation and spore liquid spraying, and carrying out pressure identification in a greenhouse to obtain the wheat variety with the functions of gibberellic disease infection resistance and expansion. The breeding process has strong operability, can be used for reference of different wheat regions, improves the breeding efficiency, and can obtain the wheat variety with stable gibberellic disease resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a wheat variety with resistance to gibberellic disease infection and expansion.
Background
Wheat scab is a worldwide disease caused by fusarium graminearum, and China is the most serious country in danger of the disease, wherein winter wheat areas in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river are important areas. With the large area of straw application, the enlargement of irrigation area and global warming, wheat scab has gradually expanded to Huang-Huai-Mai district. The data show that the annual area of wheat scab in China in 2005 + 2010 is about 6000 ten thousand mu, the annual area of wheat scab in 2011 + 2016 is increased to more than 8000 ten thousand mu, wherein the wheat scab is popular in 2012 nationwide, the area of scab incidence exceeds 1.7 hundred million mu, and the yield loss reaches 70 hundred million jin. Moreover, because DON toxin in diseased wheat grains exceeds the national regulation standard, the phenomenon of difficult wheat harvest occurs in partial provinces. Wheat scab has become a major threat to food and food safety in our country. Because it is difficult to develop a specific medicament for preventing and controlling the disease-inhibiting toxin, the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is an important guarantee for preventing and controlling the gibberellic disease.
The anti-gibberellic disease breeding work is carried out in China since the last 70 th century, and anti-gibberellic disease varieties such as Sumai No. 3, Ning 7840 and T400 are bred by means of conventional breeding, recurrent selection and artificial mutagenesis, but the anti-gibberellic disease varieties cannot be applied to production in a large area due to poor high yield. Since the last 90 s, a batch of high-yield and widely-suitable scab-resistant varieties such as Yangmai 158, Zheng 9023, Yangmai 16, Ningmai 13 and the like are bred by hybridizing an anti-resistant or disease-resistant improved strain with a promoted variety with good yield through rolling backcross polymerization of a target gene, and play an important role in the severe epidemic years of wheat scab. However, because the resistance types of the gibberellic disease are complex, and the gibberellic disease has multiple types such as infection resistance and expansion resistance, besides a few major genes, the genes for controlling the resistance of the gibberellic disease are numerous, and finally, the marker assistance is still needed to be subjected to phenotype verification, and the stable resistance of the bred variety cannot be ensured by simply depending on the molecular marker-assisted selection. Therefore, no matter what method is adopted in the breeding for resisting the gibberellic disease, establishing an effective phenotype identification breeding program is the most important link. Although the identification and screening of resistance can be carried out through natural disease occurrence in the fields in conventional breeding in wheat areas at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the generation of gibberellic disease is greatly influenced by the environment, the selection pressure greatly fluctuates among years, breeding is a continuous process, single plants with diseases can be eliminated in repeated years, and effective selection cannot be carried out in light or non-diseased years. For Huang-Huai-Mai district, the natural identification and screening opportunity of breeding materials is rather lacking. At present, most of the existing methods for identifying resistance to gibberellic disease are used for genetic research or resistance identification of bred varieties, and identification systems suitable for the whole breeding process are relatively lacked, so that a breeding method for wheat scab-resistant varieties with infection resistance and expansion resistance is urgently needed to be established, and the bred varieties are ensured to have stable scab resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention establishes moisture-preserving measures of micro-spraying belts by continuous improvement on the basis of years of gibberellic disease resistant breeding practice, realizes breeding processes for identifying different types of resistance by adopting methods such as spreading disease grains, spraying spore liquid or dripping single florets and the like in different generations, provides technical reference for China, particularly units without natural identification conditions, and has very important significance and application value for comprehensively improving the gibberellic disease resistant breeding level of wheat in China.
The invention provides a breeding method of a wheat variety with resistance to infection and expansion of gibberellic disease, which comprises the following steps:
1) parental selection and F1Generation and obtaining: crossing and matching two wheat varieties/lines with more than one sense or at least one resistance as parents to obtain a cross F1；
2) And (4) breeding low-generation selection: f2To F4Selecting single plants or single ears, inoculating diseased wheat grains in the field, combining water spraying and moisture preservation to determine gibberellic disease induced selective pressure, stopping water spraying, and screening target single plants with preliminary infection resistance;
3) and (3) breeding high-generation selection: f5And (D) further screening the target individual plant with the infection resistance by combining spore liquid spray inoculation and water spray moisture preservation on the target individual plant, F6Generation pair F5And synchronously identifying the expansion resistance and the infection resistance of the target individual plant obtained by the generation in the field by single flower instillation and spore liquid spraying, and carrying out pressure identification in a greenhouse to obtain the wheat variety with the functions of gibberellic disease infection resistance and expansion.
In certain embodiments, a moderate-resistant, neutral-sensitive control wheat variety is set in breeding low and high generation selections.
In some embodiments, the method for determining gibberellic disease-induced selective pressure in step 2) comprises applying diseased wheat grains in 2 times and keeping moisture for 1-2 hours, and determining the induced pressure when the ear disease rate of the medium resistant control wheat variety is greater than or equal to 25%.
In some embodiments, the screening criteria in step 2) and step 3) are that the ear disease rate and the ear panicle disease rate of wheat are both less than 25% or less than the resistant control variety.
In some embodiments, the synchronous identification in step 3) is specifically that the target individual plant is planted in two stages, the anti-expansibility is identified by single flower instillation in the first stage, the anti-infectivity is identified by spore liquid spraying in the second stage, and the screened individual plants with resistance results better than those of the anti-control variety are obtained.
In certain embodiments, the concentration of the spore liquid in step 3) is 5 × 105-10×105one/mL.
In certain embodiments, the first stage is characterized by a lower number of disease spikelets than the medium-resistant control variety and the second stage is characterized by a lower disease index than the medium-resistant control variety.
In some embodiments, the greenhouse pressurization identification in step 3) is specifically that diseased wheat grains are applied in two times, each time is 4-6 jin/mu, water is sprayed for moisturizing for 0.8-1.2 hours, when the ear disease rate of the disease-resistant control variety reaches 25% and the moderate-resistant control variety reaches 50%, water spraying is stopped, resistance investigation and evaluation are immediately performed, and materials which are lower than 50% in the ear disease rate and lower than the moderate-resistant control variety in the greenhouse condition and are reserved are screened.
In certain embodiments, the method further comprises subjecting the obtained wheat variety to a yield multi-point test in combination with a heavily diseased area planting identification.
In some embodiments, the water spraying and moisturizing is performed by installing micro-spraying belts in the field. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention initially screens the variety with the anti-infective property through broadcasting diseased wheat in the low breeding generation, further identifies the anti-infective property of the wheat variety through spore liquid spray inoculation in the high breeding generation, overcomes the defect of unstable screening resistance under natural conditions through two different periods and different identification methods, and can effectively select the wheat variety with the anti-gibberellic disease infection.
2) The invention combines two modes of spore liquid spray inoculation and single flower instillation in the breeding advanced generation, simultaneously selects varieties resisting wheat scab germ expansion and wheat scab germ infection, and more effectively improves the screening efficiency on the basis of screening and breeding in the previous period.
3) The invention establishes a moisture-preserving measure based on micro-spraying belts, realizes the breeding process of identifying different types of resistance by adopting methods of spreading diseased wheat grains, spraying spore liquid or dripping single flowers and the like in different generations, ensures that the bred variety has stable gibberellic disease resistance, provides technical reference for China, particularly units without natural identification conditions, and has very important significance and application value for comprehensively improving the gibberellic disease resistance breeding level of wheat in China.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of field micro-spraying belt erection and moisture retention in low generation of breeding in the example
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the construction and moisture retention of the greenhouse micro-spraying belt in the breeding generation
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Example 1
1. Parental selection
Screening and identifying the gibberellic disease resistance level of the germplasm resource material, and performing hybridization matching by taking the wheat variety (line) which is more than or at least one of which is resistant as a parent.
Zhenmi No. 9 is cultivated in Zhenjiang agricultural science in Jiangsu hilly area, and has red grains, hardness and high thousand-grain weight. The plant type is slightly loose, the plant height is 86cm, the gibberellic disease resistance (MR) is resisted, and the yield is increased by 5.6-9.1% in each level of test compared with a control.
Shijiazhuang No. 8 is bred by agricultural academy of Shijiazhuang, has semiwinterness, white grains, hardness, plant height of 73cm, high scab resistance (S), and increases yield by 3.41-7.18% in each stage of test.
In order to further improve the yield potential of the Huainan wheat area, Zhenmai No. 9 is taken as a female parent and Shijiazhuang No. 8 is taken as a male parent in 2007 to perform hybridization and matching to obtain a hybrid F1And (4) generation.
Meanwhile, parent selection and resistance screening of different generations are compared with Yangmai No. 4 under the same planting conditions, and the resistance index is superior to that of Yangmai No. 4.
2. Selection of low generation of breeding
F2To F4Selecting single plants to plant into plant rows with the row length of 1.3m, planting 3 rows of each single plant, and the row spacing of 23 cm; wheat grain inoculation for spring broadcast disease is combined with micro-spray belt moisture retention to induce preliminary screening of gibberellic disease infection resistance. Yangmai No. 4 and Yangmai No. 13 were set in the field as medium and moderate sensitivity controls, respectively. The sowing period is slightly later than the local proper sowing period so as to ensure higher temperature after ear emergence (sowing in 11 months and 5 days every year in Jiangsu Huainan wheat areas), micro-spraying belts are erected in the field for spraying water for moisturizing, channel steel with the width of about 10cm is adopted for lifting, steel pipes are used as support posts for supporting every 5m, each micro-spraying belt is 90-100m, the distance between every two adjacent micro-spraying belts is about 6m, the sprayed fine water columns can uniformly cover all planting materials, the field is arranged as shown in figure 1, diseased wheat grains which are cultured by mixing the strong pathogenic gramineous fusarium strains in the wheat area are sprayed twice in 3 months and 10 days and 20 days according to the growth process, 5 kilograms of diseased wheat grains are sprayed for 1-2 hours each time after the diseased wheat grains are sprayed, and soil moisture is kept, so that a seed bag shell is formed. The normal water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out for about 30 days in the heading period (about 4 months and 10 days in the year), the water spraying is carried out for 1 time per hour by adopting a timer or manual control from 9 am to 4 pm every day, the time is 3-5 minutes each time, so that small water drops on glumes at the heading parts are ensured to be suitable, and the water spraying is suspended in rainy days. Disease of anti-influenza control in 4-month-end investigation to determine gibberellic disease inductionAnd selecting pressure, and when the ear disease rate of Yangmai No. 4 is more than 25%, determining that the screening pressure is proper, and stopping spraying water. When the ear rate of Yangmai No. 4 is below 25%, the water spraying induction is continuously kept until the control disease is sufficient or 5 months and 10 days are stopped. After 5 months and 10 days, carrying out plant row screening according to the occurrence condition of plant row diseases, eliminating the plant rows with over-severe scab, high plant height and poor ear part agronomic character, selecting the plant rows with the ear disease rate and the ear disease rate less than 25 percent or less than the medium resistance contrast for seed emphasis screening, selecting the single plants with the non-diseased or the ear disease rate less than 5 in the selected plant rows, labeling with colored paper tapes, selecting about 160 single plants from different plant rows, harvesting the target single plants when the plants are mature, and continuing to carry out F autumn sowing in the same year3Planting in plant generation, and performing preliminary screening of gibberellic disease infection resistance according to the previous year process until F4And (4) selecting 60 target single plants (with the ear rate of disease less than 25%) meeting the resistance standard in the generation.
3. High generation selection of breeding
F5Carrying out spray inoculation on conidium suspension (concentration of 5 × 10) with a handheld sprayer in flowering stage before the same sowing period by using spore liquid spray combined with water spray for 30 days to eliminate materials with disease index higher than Yangmai No. 4, planting 3 rows of seeds obtained from each individual plant, wherein the row length is 1.4m, the row spacing is 23cm, and each 50 rows are provided with neutralization resistance contrast5-10×105one/mL), and water spraying and moisture keeping measures are performed in the same generation after inoculation. Screening the plant rows according to the standard that the disease spike rate and the disease spikelet rate are both less than 25% or less than the medium resistant control in the late 4 month and the early 5 month, obtaining the plant rows with the standard, obtaining the mixed harvest lines of the plant rows, and screening 20 mixed harvest lines from more than 60 plant lines by combining with the agronomic characters.
F6And the generation begins to respectively carry out synchronous identification on the same material in the field for resisting expansion and infection and pressure resistance identification under the high-temperature and high-humidity conditions of the multi-span greenhouse.
Each plant material in the field is planted in two stages, wherein single florets are adopted for drip irrigation to identify the expansibility resistance in the first stage, and spore suspension is adopted for spray identification for the infectivity resistance in the second stage. The concrete measures are as follows: the field is provided with 3.5m of large furrow with a channel (0.7m) in the middle, the left and right parts are divided into two halves, each halfThe row length is 1.4m, two sowing periods of each strain material are symmetrically planted by taking a walking channel as a central axis, 2 rows of each strain material are planted in each period, 40-50 grains are planted in each row, artificial grain sowing is conducted by ditching, 1 row of different strain materials is vacant (convenient for artificial inoculation and investigation), a group of contrasts are arranged every 50 parts of materials, namely high-resistance contrast Sumai No. 3, medium-resistance contrast Yangmai No. 4, medium-sensitivity contrast Yangmai No. 13 and high-sensitivity contrast Annong 8455, and the medium-resistance contrast and the medium-sensitivity contrast are mainly used for reference during actual selection. Sowing in 28 days in 10 months in the first stage, sowing in 5 days in 11 months in the second stage, wherein the agricultural character observation and record are the same as that of conventional breeding, the first stage material is spiculated to the initial flowering stage to perform single flower drop inoculation of a conidium suspension (generally in 10-15 days in 4 months of the next year of sowing), each spike is inoculated with 10 mu L, each material is inoculated with 25 spikes, the disease spikelets number and the severity are investigated after inoculation for about 30 days of water spraying and moisture preservation, resistance evaluation is performed on each material according to the anti-neutralization and sensitive contrast, the material with the disease spikelets number lower than that of the anti-neutralization contrast variety Yangmai 4 (generally less than 5) is screened, and the anti-expansibility is identified and screened. Second stage material conidium suspension spray inoculation (concentration 5X 10) with hand sprayer at flowering stage (generally in the next year of sowing 4 months 15-20 days)5-10×105one/mL), spraying water and moisturizing for about 30 days after inoculation, beginning to investigate the number of ears of disease and the severity, calculating an illness state index, screening a material with the illness state index smaller than the control Yangmai No. 4, and verifying and screening the infection resistance. And (3) comparing the resistance results of the two inoculation modes, eliminating materials which resist the resistance in one mode but do not resist the resistance in the other mode, screening materials which are kept in the two inoculation modes of single floret instillation and spore liquid spraying and have better resistance results than the material for resisting the control Yangmai No. 4, and ensuring that the bred materials have stronger expansibility resistance and stronger infectivity resistance.
The multi-span greenhouse simulates comprehensive resistance performance of the identification material under the pressurization conditions of high temperature, high humidity and the like through the measures of diseased wheat grain inoculation, micro-spraying, water spraying, moisturizing and the like. The greenhouse is suggested to be at least 3 connected, each greenhouse is 7m (width) multiplied by 50m (length) (not limited to the width), adjustable ventilation of front and rear doors is guaranteed, the plastic films on the side surfaces can be movably rolled up, an adjustable sunshade net is arranged at the top, natural soil is arranged at the bottom of the greenhouse, direct cultivation and planting can be achieved, a water storage pool is arranged at the top end of the greenhouse to guarantee water spraying, and devices such as channel steel, brackets and micro-spraying belts are arranged in the same field (as the attached figure 2). Sowing in 12 middle ten days of the year, sowing two lines of each material without repetition, setting the line length, the line spacing and contrast in the same field, keeping the side film and the two end doors from being closed before the lowest temperature of the day is reduced to zero after sowing, keeping the peak length caused by overhigh temperature before winter, keeping the shed door and the side film closed at night after the lowest temperature of the day is reduced to below zero, opening the door and ventilating and cooling the side film in time when the sunshine is sufficient at noon in the daytime, keeping the side film rolled up when the average temperature of the day is higher than 10 ℃, and keeping the noon from being high. Spreading diseased wheat grains twice in the middle and late ten days of 2 months (5-7 days apart) for induction, spreading the diseased wheat grains 4-6 jin/mu each time, spraying water for 0.8-1.2 hours, keeping the soil humidity, spraying water for moisturizing from 9 am to 4 pm every day after heading in the middle and late 3 months (1 time per hour, 3-5 minutes each time), closely paying attention to the control disease incidence situation due to high greenhouse temperature and high disease incidence pressure, stopping spraying water when the disease ear incidence rate of disease-resistant control Sumai No. 3 reaches 25% and the disease ear resistance rate of control reaches 50%, beginning to investigate and evaluate the disease resistance, and keeping the material with the disease ear incidence rate lower than 50% and the index lower than that of disease-resistant control Yanmai No. 4 in the greenhouse. The greenhouse pressurization identification result is compared and analyzed with the field infection expansion and anti-expansion identification result, and the greenhouse and field comprehensive performance is screened and reserved to be better than that of the anti-contrast Yangmai No. 4 material, so that the material can resist the pressure of the pandemic in the retransmission years.
Finally, 5 parts of materials are obtained, the resistance of the materials is better than that of Yangmai No. 4, the stability reaches MR grade, the number of spikelets of single-floret inoculated disease by needle injection is 4-5, the disease index of spore liquid spray inoculation is 12-16, the number of spikelets of Yangmai No. 4 disease is 5.31 in contrast, the disease index is 21.7, and finally 15-43 Yangmai is recommended to enter a yield test through comprehensive evaluation of gibberellic disease resistance, quality and agronomic characters.
4. 15-43 parts of new wheat variety Yangyang
The average yield of the nursery is identified to be 5.235Kg in 2014-2015, which is increased by 9.77 percent compared with the control Yangmai 20; 2015-charge 2017 year variety comparison test and multipoint test increase 5.12% and 10.67% of yield compared with the control Yangmai 20. Protein content 14.4%; SDS12.2mL; the hardness is 69.9; the volume weight is 770-790 g/L; high strength and toughness. Powdery mildew HR and gibberellic disease MR. 2019 and 2020 plant protection institute of Jiangsu province rural institute identification: severity 1.0, resistance rating R.
Example 2
1. Parental selection
Screening and identifying the level of red blood resistance of the germplasm resource material, and carrying out hybridization matching by taking a wheat variety (line) which is sensitive to red blood or at least one of which is resistant as a parent.
Zhenmi 168 is bred by Zhenjiang agricultural science in Jiangsu hilly area, and has spring property and plant height of 85 cm. Spindle type, red grain, half cutin of kernel. And (4) identifying the disease resistance, namely resisting the gibberellic disease. The yield is increased by 0.31-6.2% in each stage of test compared with the control. 14.02-14.73 percent of protein (dry basis), 28.2-33.0 percent of wet gluten and 9.3-10.9 minutes of stabilization time, and belongs to strong gluten wheat varieties.
The Rugen 502 is bred by the institute of agricultural application and research of atomic energy of agricultural academy of sciences of Shandong province and the institute of crop science of Chinese agricultural academy of sciences. Belongs to a semi-winterness middle and late maturing variety. The plant height is 76cm, the stem is strong, and the lodging resistance is good. Spike spindle type, white grain, kernel cutin. The number of ears per mu is 39.6 ten thousand, the number of grains per ear is 36.8, and the weight of thousand grains is 43.7 g. The yield of the product is increased by 9.2 to 10.6 percent compared with the control stone 4185 in each grade of yield test. The disease resistance is identified as high-sense gibberellic disease (S).
In 2013, in order to further improve the yield potential of the variety in the Huainan wheat area, a hybrid combination is prepared by taking Zhenmai 168 as a female parent and a Rugen 502 as a male parent. Obtaining a hybrid F1And (4) generation.
Meanwhile, parent selection and resistance screening of different generations are compared with Yangmai No. 4 under the same planting conditions, and the resistance index is superior to that of Yangmai No. 4.
2. Selection of low generation of breeding
F2And thirdly, inoculating diseased wheat grains in the field, preliminarily screening the infection resistance by combining water spraying and moisture preservation for 30 days, wherein the disease ear rate and the disease ear rate of the combination are both smaller than those of the control Yangmai No. 4, and F is carried out2Selecting 300 single spikes with small spike number less than 5 without disease or illness in the combination, shearing the spikes, mixing and threshing, planting into a cell, adopting a machine for drilling, and the area is 13.3m2Density by volumeThe amount of the basic seedlings is preferably 12-15 ten thousand per mu. Wherein the seeding time and the specific screening steps are as described in example 1. F3Identification and screening by taking the same measures, F4And selecting generation to resist more than 120 single plants.
3. High generation selection of breeding
F5Carrying out moisture preservation for 30 days by utilizing spore liquid spraying and micro-water spraying, and finally eliminating the material with the disease index higher than Yangmai No. 4 from a plurality of strains as described in example 1, comprehensively evaluating according to resistance and agronomic characters, harvesting 36 strains, and after indoor seed testing of seeds, reserving 20 strains for F entry6And performing single flower instillation and spore liquid spraying synchronous inoculation, and identifying in a greenhouse and a greenhouse, wherein the specific screening steps are as described in example 1, finally, the number of small spikes of 6 lines of needle-injected inoculated diseases is 3-4, the disease index of spore liquid inoculation is 14.5-20.0, the identification resistance of the greenhouse and the greenhouse is better than that of Yangmai No. 4, the evaluation is MR, and finally, the Yangmai 18032 is recommended to enter a yield test through the comprehensive identification of wheat scab resistance, quality and agronomic characters.
4. Yan 18032 for breeding new wheat variety
The yield of the strain 2017-plus 2018 identification nursery is increased by 6.2 percent compared with that of control Yangmai 20; the yield of the 2018-flavored 2019-year variety comparison test and the multipoint test is increased by 6.86 percent compared with the control Yangmai 20. The protein content is 12.92%; SDS8.6mL; hardness of 16.3; the volume weight is 792 g/L; belonging to high-quality weak tendons. The comprehensive resistance is strong: powdery mildew MR, gibberellic disease MR, virosis R. According to the resistance identification of the plant protection institute of the agricultural department of Jiangsu province in 2019 and 2020, the severity of gibberellic disease is 1.17, and the severity of MR is evaluated, while that of Yangmai 158(CK) is 1.98, and MR is evaluated.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the numerical values set forth in these examples do not limit the scope of the invention. In all examples shown and described herein, unless otherwise specified, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (3)
1. A breeding method of a wheat variety with resistance to infection and expansion of gibberellic disease is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) parental selection and generation F1: crossing and matching two wheat varieties/lines with more than one or at least one of them being resistant to more than one of them as parent to obtain F1 generation;
2) and (4) breeding low-generation selection: selecting single plants or single ears from the generations F2 to F4, inoculating the wheat grains with broadcast diseases in the field, combining water spraying and moisture preservation to determine the induced selective pressure of the gibberellic disease, then stopping water spraying, screening target single plants with preliminary infection resistance, and setting a moderate-resistance control wheat variety;
wherein, the method for determining the gibberellic disease induced selective pressure comprises the steps of broadcasting diseased wheat grains for 2 times and keeping moisture for 1-2 hours, and determining the induced pressure when the ear disease rate of the middle contrast wheat variety is more than or equal to 25%;
wherein, the water spraying and moisturizing adopts a micro-spraying belt erected in the field to spray water and moisturize;
3) and (3) breeding high-generation selection: further screening target individuals with infection resistance by adopting spore liquid spray inoculation on the target individuals in the F5 generation in combination with water spray moisture preservation, synchronously identifying the expansion resistance and the infection resistance of the target individuals obtained in the F6 generation on the F5 generation in a field by adopting single flower drip and spore liquid spray, carrying out pressurization identification in a greenhouse, and simultaneously setting a resistance and neutral-feeling contrast wheat variety to obtain the wheat variety with the functions of gibberellic infection resistance and expansion resistance;
the greenhouse pressurization identification specifically comprises the steps of broadcasting diseased wheat grains twice, each time 4-6 jin/mu, spraying water for 0.8-1.2 hours for moisture preservation, stopping spraying water when the ear disease rate of a disease-resistant control variety reaches 25% and the anti-disease control variety reaches 50%, immediately performing resistance investigation and evaluation, and screening materials which are reserved under the greenhouse condition, have the ear disease rate lower than 50% and have disease indexes smaller than that of the anti-disease control variety;
wherein, the water spraying and moisturizing adopts a micro-spraying belt erected in the field to spray water and moisturize;
the standard of screening in the step 2) and the step 3) is that the ear disease rate and the ear panicle disease rate of the wheat are both less than 25 percent or less than a medium resistant control variety;
the synchronous identification in the step 3) is specifically that the target single plant is planted in two stages, single flower instillation is adopted in the first stage to identify the expansibility resistance, the identification standard is that the number of diseased spikelets is lower than that of the medium-resistant control variety, spore liquid spraying is adopted in the second stage to identify the infectivity resistance, and the identification standard is that the disease index is lower than that of the medium-resistant control variety.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the spore liquid in the step 3) is 5 x 105-10×105one/mL.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the step of carrying out yield multipoint test on the obtained wheat variety in combination with the identification of heavily diseased region planting.
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| CN113273489B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-12-17 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Molecular marker-assisted breeding method for high-yield wheat with resistance to gibberellic disease |
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| CN108243943A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 河南天民种业有限公司 | A kind of method of quick improvement the Yellow River and Huai He River area wheat scab resistance |
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