CN108243943A - A kind of method of quick improvement the Yellow River and Huai He River area wheat scab resistance - Google Patents
A kind of method of quick improvement the Yellow River and Huai He River area wheat scab resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243943A CN108243943A CN201711485837.XA CN201711485837A CN108243943A CN 108243943 A CN108243943 A CN 108243943A CN 201711485837 A CN201711485837 A CN 201711485837A CN 108243943 A CN108243943 A CN 108243943A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention belongs to wheat breeding technical fields, and in particular to a kind of method of quick improvement the Yellow River and Huai He River area wheat scab resistance.The present invention is based on traditional breeding method, it will be from the area of wheat ecotypic cane in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is higher, plant type is loose and the wide kind draped over one's shoulders of blade, combine with the ecotypic wheat breed in Yellow River-Huai River region that the more fringes of fringe are big, short bar is anti-fall and strain leaf is compact, are lifted on blade, integrated use strange land adds many technical measures quick improvement winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones scab resistances such as generation, molecular marking technique and haploid induction technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wheat breeding technical fields, and in particular to a kind of quick improvement the Yellow River and Huai He River area wheat scab resistance
Method.
Background technology
First, wheat scab, which is moved northward, causes China the Yellow River and Huai He River wheat main producing region head blight to endanger getting worse.Gibberella saubinetii
Disease be by Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium graminearumSchwabe worldwide wheat diseases caused by), even more China are small
Important disease in wheat production.One of an important factor for wheat scab is influence improving yield of wheat, stable yields and quality.Head blight is not
Only cause the direct underproduction, and quality on wheat and utility value influence it is serious.Grain quality after wheat is endangered by head blight
It is remarkably decreased, the starch component of sick wheat lowers, and reduced sugar increases, and soluble nitrogen and aliphatic acid increase;Especially wheat is red
The accumulation of mildew seed DON toxin constitutes a serious threat to human and livestock health.
China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area of wheat is the district occurred frequently of wheat scab, and therefore, breeding for scab resistance is the weight of the area of wheat
Want task.Scab resistance veto by one vote system is carried out in new variety of wheat authorization, so as to ensure that production kind from source
Scab resistance it is horizontal.The wheat genetic breeder of the area of wheat passes through semicentennial effort, filters out a large amount of anti-sources
Such as red Buddhist monk of Wangshuibai, Wenzhou, Pinghu sword wheat, cross over a hill wheat, and formulates out the preferably anti-source of a collection of economical character, such as revives
Wheat No. 3 etc.(Yao etc., 2000).Using these anti-sources, using different breeding methods, it is successively bred as a collection of moderate resistance(It is anti-)It is red mould
The wheat breed of disease is produced applied to large area, such as is raised wheat series, peaceful wheat series and raw anti-, life and selected the anti-wheat scab of series
New varieties.To be that China's head blight is unprecedented seriously occur in national wide geographic area within 2012, however, famous head blight is retransmitted
The middle and lower reach of Yangtze River in area, the wheat scab extent of injury is significantly more light than Yellow River-Huai River region, and main cause is exactly this area's mesh
Before have more than 80% scab resistance for being widely applied kind more than moderate resistance.
In recent years, the influence and the change of northern China Winter Wheat Area tillage and cultivation system that climate warms, multiple crop index,
The raising of fertilizer nitrogen level, irrigated area Shui Jiao fields area expand, the influence of the factors such as straw-returning, wheat scab forward direction the Yellow River and Huai He River
The area of wheat, the northern area of wheat and southwest and the northwest area of wheat rapidly extend.According to investigations, many local head blight in Yellow River-Huai River region are almost annual
There is different degrees of generation.The southern area of wheat in Nanyang, Zhumadian, Xinyang, Zhoukou City, Luohe in such as 2009 Henan Province is due to jade
Rice cultivated area is big, and field head blight bacterium source amount is enriched, and 4~May, jan flowering wheat rainy weather was more, led to gibberella saubinetii
Disease is in this area's moderate to laying particular stress on prevalence, occurring area 400~5,000,000 mu, about 2,000,000 mu of serious occurring area.Shandong Province is near
Since wheat gathers in cross-regional operation and straw-returning over year, be conducive to wheat scab proliferation of germs and bacterium source accumulation, wheat is red
Mildew pathogen is generally higher, in the trend of exacerbation.If the head blight of large area has occurred in Liaocheng City Dongchangfu District wheat in 2008,
The ground wheat scab disease field rate is up to 95%, disease tassel yield 60%~80%.Hebei wheat scab is sent out in middle and south area of wheat part county
Disease, wherein Yongnian County's disease field rate 80%, disease tassel yield 6%, Luancheng County, Gaocheng county disease field rate are up to more than 20%;Guantao, Ningjin, Linxi etc.
Disease is also sporadicly shown on ground.More than multiple moderate prevalence has occurred since the seventies in last century for Shaanxi Province, and Weihe River Chuan Dao is old, and irrigated area is long-term
Onset area is 3,000,000 mu or more, and the time of being very popular, onset area was up to 7,500,000 mu or more throughout the entire Central Shanxi Plain area of wheat(Li Qiang
Deng 2009).
Secondly, kind height sense head blight is now promoted mainly in Yellow River-Huai River region, is that serious main original occurs for varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain head blight
Cause.Feng Jiachun etc.(2009)The nearly 5 years scab resistances of 45 new variety of wheat examined by state of the Yellow River and Huai He River south piece are had studied, as a result
Only Huaihe River wheat 21 belongs to moderate resistance, and Zheng wheat 366, flower training 5, all wheats 21 and Jin Mai 8 feel in belonging to, the high sense of remaining 40 wheat breed
Head blight.From Yellow River-Huai River region be widely applied kind Scab Resistance analysis shows, popularizing planting area is 5,000,000 within 2009
Mu or more kind is for example short by anti-58, Zheng wheat 9023, Henan wheat 49-198, all wheats 18, Zheng wheat 366, western agriculture 979, these kinds feel
Head blight;Kind such as all wheat 16, many wheat No. 1, Yanzhan4110, new wheat 18, new wheat 19, Henan of the cultivated area at 100~5,000,000 mu
Wheat 18-99, Henan wheat 70-36, Xu Nong No. 5 numbers, general wheat No. 5 etc. are poor to the resistance of head blight, this height to winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones
Production, stable yields constitute potential threat.
2008 and Yellow River-Huai River region in 2009 are by the new variety of wheat of country or provincial authorization not anti gibberellic disease mostly, such as
The Huaihe River wheat 26 in Jiangsu, Huaihe River wheat 27, Huaihe River wheat 28, Huaihe River wheat 29, Huaihe River wheat 30, Xu wheat 31 etc. show head blight high sense;The Lip river wheat in Henan
21st, Lip river wheat 22, Lip river wheat 23, new wheat 21, all wheats 22, all wheats 23, all wheats 24, all wheats 27, general wheat No. 8, flat wheat 998, Luo wheats No. 9,
Supreme sense head blight is felt in many wheats 998, Henan agriculture 416, Zheng wheat 9962 etc.;The safe agriculture 18 in Shandong, good star 66, tobacco grower 0428, tobacco grower
5158th, feel head blight in the performances such as the excellent wheat of mountain agriculture No. 2, mountain agriculture 17;Western agriculture 9871, western agriculture 3517, the western agriculture in Shaanxi Province
811st, supreme sense head blight is felt in western agriculture 189, western agriculture 389, western agriculture 928, small lay down 216, Shan wheat 159, Shan agriculture 138 etc..More than
Approved variety finds out that a collection of standby kind of current Yellow River-Huai River region is undesirable to the resistance of head blight, undoubtedly to Quality Wheat
Stable high yield constitutes a threat to.
It is furthermore higher using chemical control wheat scab cost.Although it is red to rely on chemical control wheat in production at present
Mildew is to the big generation of control head blight and is very popular and achieves certain effect, but annual China when preventing head blight it is increased into
This up to more than 200,000,000 yuan, and inevitably lead to environmental pollution using fungicide(Yao Jinbao and Lu Weizhong, 2000).
Therefore, the innovation of anti gibberellic disease resource and high yield, high-quality, middle anti gibberellic disease breed improvement are that prevention Huang-Huai Area is small
The most economical effective approach of wheat head blight.
The genetic background of wheat scab is complex, belong to have 2~3 major gene resistances and multiple minor genes control
Additive effect and the simultaneous Inheritance of Quantitative Characters pattern of dominant effect.Scab resistance gene transfer to high yield, excellent
In the wheat breed of the Yellow River-Huai River region of matter, it is difficult to quickly realize using general traditional breeding method.In addition, because current wheat
The anti-source of head blight, essentially from the area of wheat ecotypic cane in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is higher, plant type is loose and the wide kind draped over one's shoulders of blade.It will
By the breeding material with scab resistance with the Yellow River and Huai He River wheat that the more fringes of fringe are big, short bar is anti-fall and strain leaf is compact, are lifted on blade
The ecotypic wheat breed in area combines, and is difficult to quickly realize target using general traditional breeding method.
Invention content
Present invention aims at one kind is provided based on traditional breeding method, integrated use strange land adds generation, molecular labeling
A kind of method of quick improvement winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones scab resistance of many technical measures such as technology and haploid induction technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of method of quick improvement winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones scab resistance, with the main cultivation wheat product of Yellow River-Huai River region
Kind for female parent, it is male parent with kind of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area of wheat scab resistance more than moderate resistance or anti-source, carries out selection cross,
Include the following steps:
Step 1:Using the main cultivation wheat breed of Yellow River-Huai River region as female parent, with middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area of wheat scab resistance more than moderate resistance
Kind or anti-source be male parent, carry out sexual hybridization, obtain F1For hybrid seed;
Step 2:By F1Strange land adding generation was carried out before the June 10 of current year for hybrid seed, in heading flowering period to part
F1It is returned or is reestablished diplomatic relations for hybrid plant, and in current year by F1Seed and F after Dai Jiadai1Seed for backcrossing or after reestablishing diplomatic relations
It is sowed;
Step 3:Spring in the coming year before wheat booting period, selects the compact single plant of strain leaf, with molecular labeling Xgwm493,
Xgwm533, Xbarc133, Xwmc291 and Xumn10 carry out scab resistance detection;
Step 4:Selection carries the single plant of more than two molecular labelings, and single receipts are single de-, and current year autumn sowing, the coming year is in wheat flowering
Phase using artificial single flower inoculation method, carries out scab resistance identification;The artificial single flower inoculation method, includes the following steps:
The just flower wheat head is chosen, from top down, number cuts off 1/4 glume, will be diluted to 5 × 10 to the 5th small ear5The gibberella of a/ml
Spore liquid, in micro sample adding appliance instillation 10 μ L spore liquids to 1 piece of little Hua, bagging moisturizing 3~4 days is inserted before sealing in bag
The immersion cotton balls of diameter 1.5cm 1;
Step 5:Scab resistance is accredited as more than moderate resistance in selection step 4, plant height is less than the strain of 75cm, using miscellaneous with corn
The hypochromatosis technology of friendship induces dihaploid, obtains the ecotypic pure lines with scab resistance in Yellow River-Huai River region;
Step 6:By the pure lines by the long 6m of row, line-spacing 20cm, 9kg/ mus of 3 rows of drilling of the amount of broadcasting, during screening scab resistance reaches
Kind or anti-source more than anti-, into the ore grade indexes procedure of breeding.
Further, it is using the maternal and male parent described in step 1 as recurrent parent to further include backcrossing in step 2, is returned
It hands over 1~3 time;In step 2 with F1What is reestablished diplomatic relations for hybrid plant is male parent described in step 1.
Further, the group for further including Markers for Detection is no less than 600 single plants.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It 1st,, can with breeding techniques such as strange land plus generation, molecular marking technique and haploid inductions based on traditional breeding method
The quick target for realizing Yellow River-Huai River region breeding for scab resistance and resource innovation.
2nd, it is of the invention by F1Seed and F after Dai Jiadai1Seed for backcrossing or after reestablishing diplomatic relations is sowed, composition breeding point
From selection colony, which ensure that the objective trait needed for selection and breeding from quality and quantity.With the main cultivation wheat of Yellow River-Huai River region
The kind or anti-source of kind and middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area of wheat scab resistance more than moderate resistance are recurrent parent to F1For hybrid plant
Backcrossing can further filter out the anti gibberellic disease resource of suitable Yellow River-Huai River region plantation.
3rd, molecular labeling Xgwm493, Xgwm533, Xbarc133, Xwmc291 and Xumn10 are red for wheat in the present invention
Mildew resistant plant detects, and testing result is preferable:In single plant containing two or more label, artificial single flower inoculation method identification is red mould
Plant more than sick resistance moderate resistance has reached 75%.
4th, present invention determine that the group of Markers for Detection is no less than 600 single plants, follow-up selection and breeding demand could be met.
5th, in the artificial single flower inoculation method in the present invention, the immersion cotton balls 1 of diameter 1.5cm is inserted before bagging sealing
It is a, it can ensure that humidity in bag is rapidly achieved more than 80% ideal effect, this method adapts to the environmental characteristic of Yellow River-Huai River region, identification
As a result more accurate and effective, solution Yellow River-Huai River region under field conditions (factors), can not carry out the problem of scab resistance identification and screening,
Ensure the acquisition as scheduled of objective trait.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment is not used to limit protection scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.It is unless otherwise specified, real
Apply the conventional means that technological means used in example is well known to those skilled in the art.
A kind of method of short anti-58 scab resistances of 1 quick improvement winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones main breed of embodiment
The Yellow River-Huai River region main breed short anti-58 improved in the present embodiment belongs to semi-winterness medium variety, and seedling crawls, winter leaf color
Pale green, tiller is more, and frost resistance is strong, and spring growth is steady, and the more stalks of tiller are strengthened.Plant height 70cm or so, high resistant to lodging, plumpness is good.Production
It measures three elements to coordinate, mu is into fringe 450,000 or so, grain number per spike 38~40,42~45g of mass of 1000 kernel.High mildew-resistance, stripe rust, leaf
Blight, moderate resistance banded sclerotial blight, root activity is strong, and maturation falls yellow good.500~550kg of general per mu yield, reaches as high as 700kg.
No. 6 category spring habits are selected in kind life in scab resistance source in the present embodiment, and the maturity period is 2 days more late-maturing than control Yangmai No.158.
Seedling is upright, seedling dark green leaf color, and the elongated upper act of seedling leaf, tillering ability is strong, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is medium.Plant height 79cm or so, plant type is tight
It gathers.Fringe layer owes neat, fringe spindle, smaller, long awns, white shell, red grain, and seed silty is fuller.Average mu spike number 33.3 ten thousand
Fringe, grain number per spike 38.6,39.2 grams of mass of 1000 kernel.Lodging resistance is medium partially strong.Spring winter resistance is suitable with control.It is inoculated with disease resistance mirror
It is fixed:High anti gibberellic disease, slow leaf rust, middle sense powdery mildew, banded sclerotial blight.
A kind of method of short anti-58 scab resistances of quick improvement winter-wheat in Huang-Huai wheat production zones main breed, includes the following steps:
Step 1:Sowing on October 10th, 2014 maternal short anti-58 and male parent life select No. 6, and short anti-58 kinds are planted 200 plants, and No. 6 kinds are selected in life
Plant 200 plants;5 single fringes of selection on April 20th, 2015 short anti-58 carry out emasculation bagging, and on April 23rd, 2015, acquisition life selected No. 6
Pollen, bagging after pollination, on May 25th, 2015 harvesting F1For hybrid seed;
Step 2:Choose 30 F1No. 6 seeds is selected to exist on June 5th, 2015 for hybrid seed, 500 short anti-58 and 500 lifes
Kunming, Yunnan carries out strange land sowing, adding generation, while selects No. 6 as samsara parent respectively with short anti-58 and life in heading flowering period
This, to F130 fringes are respectively returned for hybrid plant.
Step 3:By F1The seed that harvests is single respectively after Dai Jiadai and backcrossing receives, and on November 2nd, 2015 is grown in Lankao by row
1.5m, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, observation road 60cm artificial dibblings, composition breeding separation selection colony.
Step 4:Before wheat booting period, it is compact to detach selection strain leaf in preferred group from the breeding on March 2nd, 2016
600 single plants, be listed number, carried out with molecular labeling Xgwm493, Xgwm533, Xbarc133, Xwmc291 and Xumn10 red
Mildew Resistance detecting;As a result, it has been found that:Detect that the single plant containing two or more label there are 388 in this 600 single plants.
Step 5:23 to 27 April in 2016 in jan flowering wheat, using artificial single flower inoculation method, to above-mentioned 388
A single plant carries out scab resistance identification and screening, is made with Sumai 3 disease-resistant(R)Control, raise wheat 15 make it is susceptible(S)Control.People
Work order flower drip-injection method Resistance Identification step is as follows:
The just flower wheat head is chosen first, and from top down, number cuts off 1/4 glume, will be diluted to 5 × 10 to the 5th small ear5A/ml
Gibberella spore liquid, with micro sample adding appliance instil 10 μ L spore liquids to 1 piece of little Hua in, bagging moisturizing 4 days, in order to ensure in bag
Humidity is rapidly achieved more than 80% ideal effect, and the immersion cotton balls 1 of diameter 1.5cm, the gibberella spore are inserted before sealing
Sub- liquid is provided by Institute of Plant Protection of academy of agricultural sciences of Henan Province.
The single fringe disease small ear rate of each inoculation is counted after inoculation 21d, using sick small ear rate as head blight disease index, carries out resistance
Evaluation.Sick small ear rate(%)=(Sick spikelet number/total spikelet number)×100%.According to the method for Lu Weizhong etc., compareed with reference to current year
Single plant of the sick small ear rate below 15.0% is set to anti-by the disease-resistant situation of Sumai 3 and Yang Mai 15(R), 15.1%~35.0% is
Moderate resistance(MR), 35.1%~50.0% is middle sense(MS), 50.1%~75.0% is susceptible(S), more than 75.1% is high sense(HS).Knot
Fruit shows:From 388 single plants, identify with scab resistance in moderate resistance(MR)Above has 291, and wherein plant height exists
More than 75cm's has 215, and plant height is less than 76 of 75cm.
Step 6:Reach moderate resistance using above-mentioned artificial identification scab resistance(MR)Above and plant height is less than 76 of 75cm
Strain using the hypochromatosis technology with corn hybridization, induces dihaploid, wherein each strain pollination little Hua numbers 320,
Each strain averagely obtains embryo 48 after embryo rescue culture, and average each strain chromosome doubling handles 45 plant, doubles to handle
Each strain averagely survives 40 plant afterwards, average solid 25 plant, and final acquisition Yellow River-Huai River region is ecotypic with red mould
1878 pure lines of sick resistance;Each pure lines are filtered out head blight and are resisted by 9kg/ mus of long 6m of row, line-spacing 20cm, the amount of broadcasting 3 rows of drilling
Property reaches kind or anti-source more than moderate resistance, into traditional ore grade indexes procedure of breeding.
The embodiment of the above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is only used to explain the present invention, not limit
The scope of the present invention processed, to those of ordinary skill in the art, certainly can be according to skill disclosed in this specification
Art content, makes other embodiments easily by way of replacing or changing, therefore all in the principle of the present invention and technique item
Changes and improvements that part is done etc. should all be included in scope of the present invention patent.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of quick improvement the Yellow River and Huai He River area wheat scab resistance, using the main cultivation wheat breed of Yellow River-Huai River region as female parent,
It is male parent with kind of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area of wheat scab resistance more than moderate resistance or anti-source, carries out selection cross, feature exists
In including the following steps:
Step 1:Using the main cultivation wheat breed of Yellow River-Huai River region as female parent, with middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area of wheat scab resistance more than moderate resistance
Kind or anti-source be male parent, carry out sexual hybridization, obtain F1For hybrid seed;
Step 2:By F1Strange land adding generation was carried out before the June 10 of current year for hybrid seed, in heading flowering period to part F1
It is returned or is reestablished diplomatic relations for hybrid plant, and in current year by F1Seed and F after Dai Jiadai1Generation backcrossing or seed after reestablishing diplomatic relations into
Row sowing;
Step 3:Spring in the coming year before wheat booting period, selects the compact single plant of strain leaf, with molecular labeling Xgwm493,
Xgwm533, Xbarc133, Xwmc291 and Xumn10 carry out scab resistance detection;
Step 4:Selection carries the single plant of more than two molecular labelings, and single receipts are single de-, and current year autumn sowing, the coming year is in wheat flowering
Phase using artificial single flower inoculation method, carries out scab resistance identification;The artificial single flower inoculation method, includes the following steps:
The just flower wheat head is chosen, from top down, number cuts off 1/4 glume, will be diluted to 5 × 10 to the 5th small ear5The gibberella of a/ml
Spore liquid, in micro sample adding appliance instillation 10 μ L spore liquids to 1 piece of little Hua, bagging moisturizing 3~4 days is inserted before sealing in bag
The immersion cotton balls of diameter 1.5cm 1;
Step 5:Scab resistance is accredited as more than moderate resistance in selection step 4, plant height is less than the strain of 75cm, using miscellaneous with corn
The hypochromatosis technology of friendship induces dihaploid, obtains the ecotypic pure lines with scab resistance in Yellow River-Huai River region;
Step 6:By the pure lines by the long 6m of row, line-spacing 20cm, 9kg/ mus of 3 rows of drilling of the amount of broadcasting, during screening scab resistance reaches
Kind or anti-source more than anti-, into the ore grade indexes procedure of breeding.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is with maternal described in step 1 to further include backcrossing in step 2
It is recurrent parent with the male parent, is returned 1~3 time;In step 2 with F1What is reestablished diplomatic relations for hybrid plant is described in step 1
Male parent.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the group for further including Markers for Detection is no less than 600
Single plant.
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