CN102771382B - Cultivating method for japonica rice variety strong in lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical transplanting of rice - Google Patents
Cultivating method for japonica rice variety strong in lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical transplanting of rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivating method for a japonica rice variety strong in lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical transplanting of rice. The cultivating method comprises a first step of choosing strong-root strong-stalk large-ear high-quality intermediate materials and a main-push variety with wide adaptability to undergo hybrid matching; a second step of choosing seeds with strong bud potential in an F2 generation to cultivate the seeds to a two-leaf one-tip stage, choosing a plurality of strong seedling bodies after treatment to perform transplantation, selecting single plants with good comprehensive agronomic characters at a heading stage to perform flag leaf separation aging experiments to perform primary selection, and performing a re-selection at a mature stage; a third step of performing dense sowing in an F3 generation to an F5 generation according to the requirements of mechanical transplanting of the rice and seedling raising, surveying seedling quality at a seedling age of about 30d, choosing strong seedling strains to perform transplantation, performing a high ear fertilizer test, and choosing lodging-resistant and high-quality strains which change color smoothly; and a fourth step of performing strain comparison tests of mechanical transplanting of the rice, and selecting high-quality high-yield lodging-resistant strains. The cultivated variety can be above high-quality rice of level 3 of the national standard, and high and stable yield and efficient production are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a Plants, more specifically to the breeding method of a kind of suitable transplanting, strong anti-fall japonica rice variety.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the first crop of China, and the paddy rice of China's cultivation mainly contains two subspecies, i.e. Xian subspecies and round-grained rice subspecies.The pressure of China's grain security is large, and high yield is the eternal theme of rice breeding always.Under certain harvest index, increase per unit area yield and must improve biological yield, improve biological yield and certainly will increase plant height, also increase the risk of lodging.Along with rural laborer's transfer, light cultivation mode ratio improves constantly, especially transplanting; Transplanting planting patterns produce on be prone to two problems: 1. machine transplanting of rice seedling quality is on the weak side, in the machine transplanting of rice process machinery plant severely injured, turn green live a phase long; 2. transplanting colony is easily bigger than normal, is strengthening lodging risk." moving after front nitrogen " (general base fetilizer for tillering: ear manuer is take 6:4 as main) that the colony quality culture technique system of promoting is advocated, can better meet paddy rice needs fertile characteristic and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, wherein short fertilizers for potted flowers (generally using period at leaf age remainder 4.0-3.5), the length of easy-to-draw long shoot culm base internode, reduces the lodging tolerance of plant.Select the strain of the strong large fringe type of stalk, can effectively improve that plant is resistance to plants wound and level resistant to lodging, but fringe kernel structure is owed to coordinate and greatly the fringe problems such as high-quality of being in the milk not also come one after another.Cultivating should transplanting, anti-fall, good quality and high output japonica rice variety by force, meets the production requirement of efficient, stable high yield, high-quality, has become japonica rice breeding problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned technical bottleneck, provide a kind of should transplanting, anti-fall, good quality and high output japonica rice variety selection by force, thereby can promote better to produce realizes high-quality, highly efficient and productive, ecological, safe developing goal.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, applicant is through repetition test for many years, in many hybridization schemes and selection, find, the technical solution adopted in the present invention can well reach goal of the invention, the how anti-breed breeding program of the good quality and high output of breeding method of the present invention based on conventional, strengthening is coordinated individual selection to the strong stalk of strong root, storehouse, source, has improved following committed step, as follows:
A) select and in production, there is the extensively adaptive kind of promoting mainly and hybridize combo with the intermediate materials of the strong large fringe high-quality of stalk of strong root;
B) at F
2the seed that Dai Xuanya gesture is strong is sowed in the foam plate hole of bottom with nylon wire, is placed in clear water reserviors and is cultured to for two one heart stages of leaf, adopts afterwards intermittently non-irrigated Stress treatment, selects the individuality of many strong seedlings to transplant; Select heading stage individual plant that comprehensive agronomy proterties is good to carry out the in vitro old and feeble experiment primary election of sword-like leave, strong at 3 internode fracture resistence forces of maturing stage final election stem culm base, root pocket is large, the individual plant of large grain in fringe base portion full grains, high-quality;
C) at F
3to F
5in generation, is carried out heavy seeding test by transplanting seedling requirement, and length of time rice seedlings grow 30d left and right or most strain are moulded dish and occurred that (the normal machine transplanting of rice length of time rice seedlings grow is 18-20 days to yellow seedling, and super 10 days length of time rice seedlings grow are exactly length of time rice seedlings grow 30d left and right.) investigate seedling quality, the strong seedling strain of choosing is transplanted; Later stage is carried out high ear manuer test, in general, after high ear manuer test test, strengthens selection pressure, is more conducive to eliminate that easily lodging, love are blue or green, quality individual plant not up to standard, the maturing stage select resistant to lodging, annesl of later stage along adjusting, strain best in quality;
D) at the stable transplanting variety test of lines that carries out from generation to generation, select the strong strain resistant to lodging of good quality and high output.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is: adopt the kind of the present invention's incubation or be, can reach that 3 grades of superior rices of GB are above, the target of stable high yield (being more than large area machine transplanting of rice per mu yield 700kg) and High-efficient Production, have benefited from following characteristic:
1. the resistance to ability of wound of planting is strong, and turning green, it is fast to live: sizing strain is coerced and selected well developed root system, individuality that fresh weight is high through drought, and seedling quality is good, and the thickness of sowing requiring in machine transplanting of rice seedling, even if super length of time rice seedlings grow 10d occurs that the ratio of yellow weak seedling is low, significantly better than general kind.After transplanting, it is little that machinery is planted the ability of wound, turns green that it is fast to live, especially at hot weather with partially under the rough sledding such as sand loam soil;
2. fertilizer resistance anti-lodging, nitrogen utilization efficiency is high: to the indirect selection of stem culm base 3 internode fracture resistence forces and root pocket amount, sizing strain stem stalk is more sturdy, base portion 3-4 internode is short and thick, stem stalk wall thickness and flexible, resistant to lodging strong, even in the condition of high ear manuer of later stage, also be not subject to the impact of heavy rain and typhoon, greatly reduce later stage lodging risk.Meanwhile, on basis resistant to lodging, can enrich ear manuer, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency;
Later stage annesl along adjusting, best in quality: because of, root pocket amount in vitro old and feeble slow to sword-like leave greatly, the selection that the grains are plump of fringe base portion, sizing strain later stage well developed root system and energetic, photosynthetic efficiency is high and the duration is long, coordinate with " storehouse " in " source ", grouting steadily, fringe portion is unanimous between the higher and lower levels, and annesl is along adjusting.Even in the condition of high ear manuer, there is not loving blue or green phenomenon in the later stage.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further described; it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some modification and improvement, these also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Take precocity round-grained rice new lines in the evening town rice 8841 as embodiment of Jiangsu Feng Yuan Seed company and Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute cooperation cultivation.
1. seed selection process:
1) positive season in 2004, with thering is extensive adaptive high yielding variety town rice 88, make female parent, make paternal hybrid with the intermediate materials town rice 4041 of the strong large fringe high-quality of stalk of strong root, obtain F
050, seed; Wherein town rice 4041 is offsprings of town rice 78 and No. 6 hybridization of phoenix tail.
2) winter-2005 year spring in 2004, in Lingshui, Hainan, F0 is sowed, obtain F
1plant 20 strains, after impurity elimination, 250 grams of seeds of mixed receipts obtain F
2for seed;
3) positive season in 2005, at Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu plantation F
2generation.Select seedling stage the seed of strong 4176 of bud gesture to be sowed in the foam plate hole of bottom with nylon wire, be placed in clear water reserviors and be cultured to for two one heart stages of leaf, adopt afterwards intermittently non-irrigated Stress treatment, select 1656 shoot transplanting equipments of many strong seedlings (strong seedling refers to more than fresh weight reaches 0.5g/ strain, 15 above individualities of Bai Genliang); Select heading stage individual plant 98 strains that comprehensive agronomy proterties is good to carry out the in vitro old and feeble experiment of sword-like leave, the in vitro old and feeble experiment of sword-like leave is that every strain is got 2 sword-like leaves and is placed in the test tube of laboratory with water 1/3, the old and feeble light individuality of the blade yellow of selecting and remain after 7d, strong at 3 internode fracture resistence forces of maturing stage final election stem culm base, root pocket is large, the grains are plump for fringe base portion, product of fine quality in individual plant 45 strains of large grain obtain F
3for seed.
4) positive season in 2006, at Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu plantation F
3generation.By transplanting seedling requirement heavy seeding seedling test, length of time rice seedlings grow 30d, investigates seedling quality, strong 25 transplantings of seedling strain of selecting and remain; Later stage is carried out high ear manuer test, resistant to lodging, annesl of the later stage of selecting and remain along adjusting, 5 of strains best in quality totally 30 strains obtain F
4generation; Wherein high ear manuer test refers in leaf age remainder 4.0-3.5 and uses ear manuer period, amounts to purity nitrogen 9 ~ 10kg.
5) positive season in 2007, at Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu plantation F
4in generation, with F3, for processing, 4 strain 20 strains of finally selecting and remain obtain F
5for seed;
6) positive season in 2008, at Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu plantation F
5in generation, with F3, for processing, 4 strain 8 strains of finally selecting and remain obtain F
6for seed;
7) winter-2009 year spring in 2008, at Lingshui, Hainan plantation F
6in generation, 5 strain 15 strains of selecting and remain obtain F
7for seed;
8) positive season in 2009, at Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu plantation F
7for 15 strains, elected 5 stable strains;
9) positive season in 2010, at Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu, carry out transplanting variety test of lines, select 1 of the strong strain resistant to lodging of good quality and high output, tentatively titled town rice 8841;
10) positive season in 2011, in this institute base of holding or participate in a prayer service at a temple, to carry out transplanting and show test, average yield per mu reaches 712.85kg, respectively than No. 23, the military fortune of contrast round-grained rice and No. 11 volume increase 8.15% and 6.56% of town rice.
2. feature
A) yield potentiality is large: this strain fringe grain is coordinated, and colony is sane, and fringe kernel structure more than transplanting per mu yield 700kg is: every mu of effective fringe is in 200,000 left and right, every total grain panicle is counted 140-150 grain, ripening rate is more than 90%, and thousand kernel weight 27-28 gram, about the 163 days time of infertility.
B) product are of fine quality: the grains are plump is wealthy avette, clever shell stalk yellow, and commodity is good.According to 2011, from transplanting, show the test of food quality inspection center of the test sampling censorship Ministry of Agriculture: brown rice yield 84.2%, polished rice rate 76.1%, head rice rate 69.5%, grain length 5.4mm, aspect ratio 1.9, the white rate 25% of chalk, chalkiness degree 3.5%, disappear 7 grades of values of alkali, glue denseness 84mm, amylose content 16.1%, 1 grade of transparency, physics and chemistry divides 70 points, and physical and chemical index reaches state and issues superior rice grade III Standard, has solved the large fringe not phenomenon of high-quality of being in the milk.
C) should transplanting: town rice 8841 belongs to inclined to one side large-spike cultivar, and stem stalk is sturdy, well developed root system, seedling quality is good, and the resistance to ability of wound of planting is strong, and turning green, it is fast to live; Colony's stem tiller number is steady, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, has overcome the current not shortcoming of easy-regulating of varietal population of promoting mainly; Plant is shorter strong, plant height 102cm left and right, and fertilizer resistance anti-lodging, lodging risk is little.
D) comprehensive agronomy proterties is good: this strain seedling low body is strong, and tillering ability is medium, and colony is sane, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high; Plant type compactness, leaf appearance is tall and straight, is subject to light attitude good, and functional period is long, grows delicate and pretty; Fringe layer is neat, and fringe shape half is upright, and later stage annesl is along tune, ripe lover.
Claims (1)
1. a breeding method for suitable transplanting, strong anti-fall japonica rice variety, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A) select in production and there is the extensively adaptive intermediate materials of promoting mainly kind and the strong large fringe high-quality of stalk of strong root, hybridize combo;
B) at F
2the seed that Dai Xuanya gesture is strong is sowed in the foam plate hole of bottom with nylon wire, is placed in clear water reserviors and is cultured to for two one heart stages of leaf, adopts afterwards intermittently non-irrigated Stress treatment, selects the individuality of many strong seedlings to transplant; Select heading stage individual plant that comprehensive agronomy proterties is good to carry out the in vitro old and feeble experiment primary election of sword-like leave, strong at 3 internode fracture resistence forces of maturing stage final election stem culm base, root pocket is large, the individual plant of large grain in fringe base portion full grains, high-quality;
Many described strong seedling individualities refer to more than fresh weight reaches 0.5g/ strain, 15 above individualities of Bai Genliang;
The in vitro old and feeble experiment of described sword-like leave, refers to that every strain gets 2 sword-like leaves and be placed in the test tube of laboratory with water 1/3, the old and feeble light individuality of the blade yellow of selecting and remain after 7d;
C) at F
3to F
5in generation, is carried out heavy seeding test by transplanting seedling requirement, and length of time rice seedlings grow 30d left and right or most strain are moulded dish and occurred yellow seedling investigation seedling quality, and the strong seedling strain of choosing is transplanted; Later stage is carried out high ear manuer test, the maturing stage select resistant to lodging, annesl of later stage along adjusting, strain best in quality;
The method of described high ear manuer test is: in leaf age remainder 4.0-3.5, use ear manuer period, amount to purity nitrogen 9～10kg;
D) at the stable transplanting variety test of lines that carries out from generation to generation, select the strong strain resistant to lodging of good quality and high output.
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| CN102934606A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2013-02-20 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Hybrid rice mechanical seed production technology |
| CN105284589A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆中一种业有限公司 | Cultivation method for lodging-resistant rice variety |
| CN105794627A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-27 | 安徽宇顺种业开发有限公司 | Cultivation method of paddy-upland dual-purpose type hybrid rice |
| CN106034775A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Method for evaluating auxiliary rice breeding by using lodging resistance indexes |
| CN108967183B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-07-06 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Breeding method of high-quality lodging-resistant long-grain japonica rice |
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Effective date of registration: 20210927 Address after: 212400 Hong Jing Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, No. 1 Patentee after: JIANGSU FOOTHILL ZHENJIANG AGRICULTURE Research Institute Address before: 212400, Huayang Road, Zhenning, Jurong, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 112, China Patentee before: JIANGSU FENGYUAN SEED INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: JIANGSU FOOTHILL ZHENJIANG AGRICULTURE Research Institute |
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