Japonica rice kind Liaoxing No.1 selection and producing method for seed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection and producing method for seed of Japonica rice kind, be specifically related to Japonica rice kind Liaoxing No.1 selection and producing method for seed.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the most important cereal crops of China, and area accounts for 30% of the cereal crops gross area, and output accounts for 40% of total grain output.Because the population of China more than 50% is to be staple food with rice, to a certain extent, height that we can say rice yield is to maintain the population growth of China and the key of social stability.As maximum in the world rice producing country and country of consumption, rice cropping of China and breeding research are positioned at the prostatitis in the world all the time.After the founding of the state, because the revolution of breeding technique, China's rice breeding and output have experienced twice leap, and respectively at the later stage fifties and the beginning of the seventies, rice yield has had significant raising.Afterwards, the per unit area yield of paddy rice once fluctuated, since the continuous increase of population, the continuous minimizing of cultivated area, and people place hope on rice breeding.1998, country started super hybrid rice breeding " 863 " plan.In recent years, the conventional japonica rice breeding in the southern breeding of hybridized rice and the north had all had progressive considerablely.
With regard to the rice breeding of Liaoning, from since the establishment of the nation, six bigger renewals have roughly been experienced.Preceding four times mainly is in the introduction and improvement of Japan cultivars.At the initial stage end of the seventies to the eighties, the seed selection success that No. 5, japonica hybrid rice Li You 57 and distant round-grained rice has realized that the 5th time of rice varieties upgraded, and the Japan cultivars that is through with accounts for leading history.
Owing to introduced indica type rice germplasm, the quality of paddy rice descends, and high yield and high-quality are unified difficult, becomes the major obstacle of North Japonica Rice breeding.Because a large amount of uses of nitrogenous fertilizer, the resistance of rice varieties are also descending, disease is serious.Thereby, make high yield and high-quality unified mutually and take into account the main target that resistance becomes the rice in north china breeding.
Summary of the invention
Select for use in the Liaoning Area late-maturing in partially early the rice germplasm of sturdy, the better resistance of type, plant type compactness, cane for maternal, with the precocious type of Liaoning Area, better resistance, rice rice germplasm of fine quality is male parent, artificial pollination hybridization, through systematic breeding, breed have high yield, the rice varieties of characteristics such as high-quality and better resistance.
Maternal: Liaogeng No.454, Liaoning Province paddy rice research institute breed in late-maturing inclined to one side morning type Japonica rice kind, by the variety certification committee member of Liaoning Province authorization.Plant 156-158 days breeding time in areas of Shenyang, seedling leaf is generous, well developed root system, and slow seedling is fast after the rice transplanting, tillering ability is strong, sturdy, the fertilizer resistance anti-lodging of cane, plant height 95-100 centimetre, fringe half loose shape, number of grain per ear 110-120 grain, ripening rate are more than 90%, and thousand kernel weight 25-26 restrains.Middle blast resisting is gently felt false smut, and banded sclerotial blight is lighter, not early ageing of the bar maturation of living.
Male parent: Shennong No.9017, agricultural college of Agricultural University Of Shenyang breed in ripe Japonica rice kind, by the variety certification committee member of Liaoning Province authorization.Plant 152 days breeding times in areas of Shenyang, 95 centimetres of plant heights, grow fast seedling stage, and tillering ability is strong, percentage of earbearing tiller height, loose panicle shape, about 95 of average grain number per spikes, mass of 1000 kernel 25-26 gram, early ageing does not resist to fall, and is fit to the low-yield land plantation.
Breeding objective:
The rice varieties of breeding shows as: well developed root system, cane is sturdy, and is anti-, not early ageing of the bar maturation of living.The plant type compactness, tillering ability is stronger.Plant height is lower than 105cm, half loose panicle, and about 155 days breeding times, Liaoning Area is medium variety.Blast resisting is more than the R level.Anti-false smut, bacterial blight-resisting.Rice matter reaches 2 grades of national superior rices more than the level.The medium variety volume increase that production ratio Liaoning Area master plants is more than 10%.
The seed selection process:
The pedigree method seed selection: 1 year is maternal with the Liaogeng No.454, and Shennong No.9017 is male parent artificial hybridization.Adopt the conventional artificial emasculation pollination's of the public paddy rice of those of ordinary skills method: the maternal rice fringe that selection has been eared two days, whole fringe, the grain husk flower that removal had been opened and the tender grain husk flower of the mistake of fringe bottom, overlap paper bag with the male parent fringe after castrating, when noon, paddy rice was contained flower, knock paper bag with external force, knocked continuously 3 days.In time extract paper bag after 20 days.The maternal seed of ripe back results.
Second Year is planted F1 generation, and results F1 plant seed is as the next year seed;
Plant F2 generation on the 3rd year, during results, select F2 for plant according to breeding objective, selected plant is mixed the results seed, as the next year seed;
Plant F3 generation on the 4th year, during results, select F3 for plant according to breeding objective, selected plant is mixed the results seed, as the next year seed;
Planted F4 generation on the 5th year, during results, select F4 for plant according to breeding objective, with selected plant plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain, and subregion is planted;
Planted F5 generation on the 6th year, repetition is not established in the subregion plantation, carries out PR.During results, select F5 for strain according to breeding objective, in selected strain, select individual plant, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain, and carries out PR;
The 7th year seed with upper one year results established three repetition by the plantation of strain subregion, carries out PR, and eliminate bad strain according to breeding objective, and from keep strain, select individual plant according to breeding objective, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain;
The 8th year seed with upper one year results established three repetition by the plantation of strain subregion, carries out PR, and eliminate bad strain according to breeding objective, and from keep strain, select individual plant according to breeding objective, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain;
The seed of gathering in the crops upper one year is pressed the strain subregion in the 9th year and plant, establish three repetitions, carry out PR, eliminate bad strain according to breeding objective, and from keep strain, select individual plant according to breeding objective, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain, the breeding original seed;
The 7th year is gathered to the 9th annual production comparative result, finally select an excellent strain, and in this excellent strain, select individual plant, the breeding original seed according to breeding objective.
Participated in Liaoning Province's regional test on the 10th year, participated in Liaoning Province's regional test and enter Liaoning Province's production approval test simultaneously in the 11 year.And definite designation.
Purification and rejuvenation, the breeding original seed:
Select 20 individual plants according to the feature of improved variety every year from improved variety plantation colony, next year is planted into strain, the subregion plantation, if three times are repeated, carry out PR, eliminate the strain of degenerating, keep elite plant strain, the acquisition pure lines are produced the original seed of planting as the improved variety breeding.
Produce kind of a production of hybrid seeds process:
Because paddy rice is self pollination crop, does not need to establish isolated area.The pure lines mixed planting of the improved variety that obtains purificating and rejuvenating prevents and other variet complexity, mixes the results seed, and next year enlarges plants;
With the seed mixture of upper one year of results, all plantation prevents and other variet complexity, mixes results, and next year enlarges plantation;
With the seed mixture of upper one year of results, all plantation prevents and other variet complexity, mixes results, and next year enlarges plantation;
With the seed mixture of upper one year of results, all plantation prevents and other variet complexity, mixes results, for the production of.
Embodiment
The pedigree method seed selection: 1994 is maternal with the Liaogeng No.454, and Shennong No.9017 is male parent artificial hybridization.Adopt the conventional artificial emasculation pollination's of the public paddy rice of those of ordinary skills method: the maternal rice fringe that selection has been eared two days, whole fringe, the grain husk flower that removal had been opened and the tender grain husk flower of the mistake of fringe bottom, overlap paper bag with the male parent fringe after castrating, when noon, paddy rice was contained flower, knock paper bag with external force, knocked continuously 3 days.In time extract paper bag after 20 days.The maternal seed of ripe back results.
Nineteen ninety-five is planted F1 generation, and results F1 plant seed is as the next year seed;
Plant F2 generation in 1996, during results, select F2 for plant according to breeding objective, selected plant is mixed the results seed, as the next year seed;
Plant F3 generation in 1997, during results, select F3 for plant according to breeding objective, selected plant is mixed the results seed, as the next year seed;
Planted F4 generation in 1998, during results, select F4 for plant according to breeding objective, with selected plant plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain, and subregion is planted;
Planted F5 generation in 1999, repetition is not established in the subregion plantation, carries out PR.During results, select F5 for strain according to breeding objective, in selected strain, select individual plant, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain, and carries out PR;
Seed with upper one year results in 2000 is established three repetition by the plantation of strain subregion, carries out PR, and eliminate bad strain according to breeding objective, and from keep strain, select individual plant according to breeding objective, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain;
Calendar year 2001 plants the seed of upper one year of results by the strain subregion, establish three repetitions, carries out PR, eliminates bad strain according to breeding objective, and selects individual plant according to breeding objective from keep strain, and plant division results seed, next year are planted and be strain;
The seed of gathering in the crops upper one year is pressed the strain subregion in 2002 and plant, establish three repetitions, carry out PR, eliminate bad strain according to breeding objective, and from keep strain, select individual plant according to breeding objective, plant division results seed, the next year plantation is strain, the breeding original seed;
2000-2002 annual production comparative result is gathered, finally select an excellent strain, temporarily called after the Liao Dynasty farming 21, and in this excellent strain, select individual plant, the breeding original seed according to breeding objective.
Participated in Liaoning Province's regional test on the 2003rd, participated in Liaoning Province's regional test and enter Liaoning Province's production approval test simultaneously in 2004.
Definite designation in 2004 is a Liaoxing No.1.
Purification and rejuvenation, the breeding original seed:
Select 20 individual plants according to the feature of Liaoxing No.1 every year from Liaoxing No.1 plantation colony, next year is planted into strain, the subregion plantation, if three times are repeated, carry out PR, eliminate the strain of degenerating, keep elite plant strain, the acquisition pure lines are used for the Liaoxing No.1 breeding and produce the original seed of planting.
Produce kind of a production of hybrid seeds process:
Because paddy rice is self pollination crop, does not need to establish isolated area.Liaoxing No.1 pure lines mixed planting with purification and rejuvenation obtain prevents and other variet complexity that mix the results seed, next year enlarges plantation;
With the seed mixture of upper one year of results, all plantation prevents and other variet complexity, mixes results, and next year enlarges plantation;
With the seed mixture of upper one year of results, all plantation prevents and other variet complexity, mixes results, and next year enlarges plantation;
With the seed mixture of upper one year of results, all plantation prevents and other variet complexity, mixes results, for the production of.
The Liaoxing No.1 feature:
Well developed root system, it is vigorous to grow.Become strain plant height 104cm, the plant type compactness, the blade upper punch, the leaf look dark green, 16 leaves of stem, tillering ability is stronger.Half loose panicle, spike length 18-20cm, clever shell yellowish-brown, there is awns the tip of the spike.About 140 of average every fringes, ripening rate 89.0%, thousand kernel weight 23.9g.
156 days breeding times, belong to medium variety.
Cane is sturdy, and lodging resistance is strong, not early ageing of the stalk maturation of living.Blast resisting is the R level.Anti-false smut, bacterial blight-resisting.
Rice main quality index: brown rice rate 82.0%, polished rice rate 74.3%, head rice rate 65.6%, grain length 5.0mm, aspect ratio 1.9, the white grain of chalk rate 2%, chalkiness degree 0.7%, 1 grade of transparency, disappear 7.0 grades of values of alkali, glue denseness 82mm, amylose 17.3%, protein 8.5%.Mi Zhijian tests the result and reaches 2 grades of levels of national superior rice.
Participated in Liaoning Province's regional testings ripe group in 2003, participated in regional testing and enter simultaneously the production qualification test in 2004.Check variety is that the distant salt 16 of middle boiled water rice varieties of at that time main cultivation of Liaoning Province is contrast, and the result is as follows:
2003-2004 participates in Liaoning Province's regional testing output and is respectively 642.03kg/ mu and 640.56kg/ mu, and were increases production respectively 13.25% and 12.95% (seeing Table 1).
Pilot production output in 2004 is 614.44 kg/ mus, were volume increase 10.31%.Output is generally 620-650kg/ mu, and the high-yield field can reach 750kg/ mu above (seeing Table 2).
Liaoxing No.1 culture technique main points:
1. light seeding kind is educated strong seedling: the seed strict sterilization is in case bakanae disease takes place, and general early April is sowed, and application rate is every square metre of 150-200 gram, and the hardening of in good time ventilating is cultivated the strong seedling of band tiller.
2. rational close planting: this kind tillering ability is stronger, and medium fertility field piece distance between rows and hills is with 30 * 13.3cm, every cave 3-4 seedling.
3. apply fertilizers scientifically: according to the soil fertility situation, piece general mu in medium fertility field is executed mark nitrogen (sulphur ammonium) 60 kilograms, 10 kilograms of two ammoniums, potash fertilizer 7-8 kilogram, zinc fertilizer 1-1.5 kilogram.
4. water layer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: according to different growing, adopt shallow, wet, the dried irrigation principle that combines, the later stage cuts off the water supply too early unsuitable, generally removes water in front about 10 days in results and is advisable.At the beginning of 6 the end of month to 7 month, the attention control striped rice borer, administration time can according to then weather conditions and the concrete condition of field investigation, be eliminated insect before three ages.
Agricultural 21 regional tests of table 1. the Liao Dynasty are table as a result
Year | Hold examination unit | Per mu yield (kg) | Volume increase (%) |
Liaoxing No.1 | The Liao Dynasty's salt 16 (CK) |
2003 | Liaoning Rice Research Institute | 552.36 | ?51?7.36 | ?6.78 |
The academy of agricultural sciences, Tieling | 723.37 | ?647.03 | ?11.80 |
Agricultural University Of Shenyang | 679.03 | ?602.36 | ?12.75 |
The Kaiyuan institute of agricultural sciences | 664.37 | ?579.36 | ?14.6 |
Liaozhong Liu two fort agricultural stations | 606.36 | ?532.03 | ?14 |
Saline land, Liaoning Province institute | 626.70 | ?523.36 | ?19.2 |
On average | 642.03 | ?566.92 | ?13.25 |
2004 | Liaoning Rice Research Institute | 731.67 | ?682.00 | ?7.31 |
The academy of agricultural sciences, Tieling | 673.67 | ?584.34 | ?15.3 |
Agricultural University Of Shenyang | 675.00 | ?587.50 | ?14.89 |
The Kaiyuan City institute of agricultural sciences | 559.34 | ?496.67 | ?12.60 |
Liaozhong Liu two foretells agricultural station | 640.34 | ?552.34 | ?16.00 |
Saline land, Liaoning Province institute | 563.34 | ?500.00 | ?12.50 |
On average | 640.56 | ?567.14 | ?12.95 |
On average | 641.29 | ?567.03 | ?13.10 |
The agricultural 21 mill trial results tables of table 2.. the Liao Dynasty
Year | Test unit | Per mu yield (kg) | Volume increase (%) |
Liaoxing No.1 | The Liao Dynasty's salt 16 (CK) |
2004 | Liaoning Rice Research Institute | 632.0 | 588.57 | 7.52 |
The academy of agricultural sciences, Tieling | 611.1 | 544.5 | 12.2 |
Agricultural University Of Shenyang | 653.7 | 589.7 | 10.85 |
The Kaiyuan City institute of agricultural sciences | 573.6 | 529.2 | 8.4 |
Salt-soda soil, Liaoning Province institute | 601.8 | 533.0 | 12.9 |
On average | 614.44 | 556.99 | 10.31 |