CN102907314A - Selection and breeding method for early rice variety - Google Patents
Selection and breeding method for early rice variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN102907314A CN102907314A CN2012104469160A CN201210446916A CN102907314A CN 102907314 A CN102907314 A CN 102907314A CN 2012104469160 A CN2012104469160 A CN 2012104469160A CN 201210446916 A CN201210446916 A CN 201210446916A CN 102907314 A CN102907314 A CN 102907314A
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Abstract
A selection and breeding method for an early rice variety comprises selection and breeding steps of enabling a male parent and a female parent to be xiesi 115 and guangershi respectively, planting the male parent and the female parent in a parent resource area together, performing corresponding-period partition seeding, performing transplantation and management, first performing glume shearing on the female parent during glume shearing pollination, taking out flower sticks, enabling paper bags to be sleeved on the flower sticks, then shearing the male parent from plant spica above three flag leaves of the male parent, performing insertion beside the female parent after glume shearing, placing male parent spica in the paper bags during pollination to scatter anther to perform pollination, and fixing the paper bags; and after harvesting F1 seeds, placing the F1 seeds in the original paper bags, and performing drying and storage. Two crops can be planted each year to perform additive breeding, and then offspring selection and breeding are performed. Yielding abilities and stress resistance of the male parent and the female parent and a merit and demerit complementation method of rice quality are utilized to perform matching hybridization. The selection and breeding method has the advantages that a plant type is compact, leaves are short and vertical, stems are flexible, early rice variety is resistant to fertilizer, lodging and rice blast, rice quality is good, the taste is good, and the early rice variety is popularized to be planted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice variety selective, particularly a kind of selection that morning, rice varieties " was extensively assisted No. ".
Technical background
In the sixties in last century, the Rice Dwarf kind ubiquity of popularization the problems such as disease resistance is weak, rice matter is poor, output potential is limited; After the seventies, because the proposition of " short, rich, anti-, early, excellent " breeding objective, and the pedigree analysis of breeding short-stalked variety by the last stage, think that the gene affiliation is still narrower and be difficult to obtain new breakthrough, thereby the scope of utilizing of breeding parent is enlarged gradually.After entering the eighties, around " high yield, many anti-, high-qualitys " comprehensive breeding target, carry out conventional Rice and hybrid rice breeding, breeding men adopt suitable breeding method to the favourable gene of parental rice resource, and make remarkable progress.
Many achievements have also been obtained in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China aspect breeding of hybridized rice, but the seed rice hereditary basis of breeding of hybridized rice is relatively poor, still have at present following problem:
(1) rice yield improves slowly, and the high yielding variety of introducing from other provinces is partially long breeding time, and the high yield ability is not fully exerted.
(2) although the Quality Hybrid Rice breeding has got many achievements, but nearly 10 years on producing renewal speed slow, quality improvement is undesirable, and the breed combination that cultivated area is larger is to breed before 10 years substantially, and the hybrid combination of newly breeding is used less in production.The type of grain quality rice kind and quality do not have one-level to be combined in the upper application of production, and popularizing area is large not, and the variety and quality of breeding is single.
(3) Resistant situation progress is slow; The south China rice district the most serious disease of harm has rice blast, bacterial leaf-blight, rice fulgorid and southern black streak dwarf etc., and Guangxi is South Rice Region of China, and the loss that because of rice blast, two kinds of diseases of rice fulgorid Rice Production is caused at present accounts for about 30% of output.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of improvement rice quality, the polished rice rate is high, exterior quality good, food flavor is good, breeding time is suitable, be fit to multiple ecological environmental condition plantation, favourable increase soil cropping index, improve per unit area yield morning rice varieties selection.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme:
Seed selection is carried out according to the following steps:
1, selects male parent and female parent according to breeding objective; The male parent that the present invention selects is that early long-grained nonglutinous rice " assists 4 115 ", and female parent is long-grained nonglutinous rice " wide two stones " morning;
2, with male parent, maternal kind-work being planted in parent's resource-area;
3, according to similitude breeding time of male parent, female parent, with male parent, the maternal subregion sowing same period, the same period, subregion was transplanted, and carried out same field management;
4, by manually cutting grain husk pollination: full heading time, in 8-9 point clock time in fine morning, each the 3-5 plant of desirable Parent that bloomed the same day in the field selection; Colored Miho before the flower pesticide loose powder is cut grain husk and takes out maternal hedysarum scoparium, cut the complete paper bag that at once puts of grain husk, paper bag is cut off two ends and is finished writing sign, pollinate with the not good wait of safety pin: insert in the maternal plant next door of being pollinated after 3 strain barriness fringes more than the sword-like leave of the selected plant of male parent being cut Jian Ka-Wing again, when the male parent floriglume begins to open colored Drug loose powder, will be enclosed within paper bag upper end on the flower of female parent fringe open, hold ready this flower of father Miho with hand and put into paper bag and shake gently the flower pesticide that falls apart and pollinate; Then with the not good two of safety pin, following is clipped on the maternal plant, and the higher authorities in succession and are clipped on the maternal leaf, in order to avoid paper bag Off falls, preventing that rainwater from fiercelying beat with mouse, bird causes harm; Pollinate and it can be hybridized F1 seed harvest-seed extraction after 15-20 days and put into former paper bag and dry preservation, in order to its offspring breed with kind;
5, accelerate offspring's breeding: in late rough turning over the autumn then, Fen other Dan Miho, individual plant, subregion sowing, plantation can be planted both parties in a lawsuit's adding generation every year, so that stable with the Hybrid F1 of results;
6, progeny selection: begin to identify first the constituency from hybridizing rear second generation F2, entering constituency Inner menu strain afterwards, after the whole strain of selected individual plant is transferred to and dried, carry out again the choosing of indoor species test mirror, so that the offspring is stable; Give over to the offspring and carry outside the Pure rejuvenation stablizing the 2-3 strain of selecting good strains in the field for seed again of residential quarter that the offspring is selected in, the mixed receipts of all the other district seed dried, for participating in local elementary varietal yield test, after selected by variety comparative test, seed with its individual plant purification offspring provides area, municipal variety plots at different levels examination again, enlarge on the whole simultaneously and plant experimentally popularization, so that kind is selected, become the early rice new varieties.
Carry out artificial pollination complete after, solid in order to guarantee that the flower of female parent fringe is subject to sufficient pollen, this Hua of Fu Miho of just using pollination can be fastened in paper bag voluntarily continual pollination with the female parent De Hua Miho that pollinated.
Rice varieties morning that the present invention selects is to have utilized father, maternal yielding ability and the complementary way of the pluses and minuses of anti-adversity to carry out partially slow indica type variety in group gas-mixing hybridization, the early rice through the progeny selection success, has that plant type compactness, about 90 centimetres of plant heights, leaf are shortly erected, stalk Toughness, anti-fertilizer, anti-fall, blast resisting, characteristics such as rice is of fine quality, food flavor is good.The rice workspaces such as this kind is used in respectively in osmanthus in Guangxi, north, osmanthus and some high and cold mountain areas, more than 30 ten thousand mu of accumulative total popularizing planting areas, more than 1,400 ten thousand kilograms of newly-increased paddy are for the development that promotes me to distinguish grain-production contributes.This kind obtains Hechi Prefecture's scientific and technological progress second prize in calendar year 2001.
Embodiment
In Breeding Process of the present invention, at first be to establish administration's Selection parent (father, female parent) according to breeding objective (high yield, high-quality, resistance, ripe property etc.).If during administration's target, both considered the otherness of father, maternal various features, look after again its affinity.Therefore, if during administration's target, each species diversity is unsuitable excessive too much, (such as indica type, round-grained rice type, plant type, blade profile, fringe type, grain number, grain weight, ripening rate, rice matter, various anti-adversities etc.), should solve emphatically 3 one 5 problems and be advisable, the present invention improves emphatically the problems such as plant type, plant height, grain number per spike, grain weight, Mi Zhi, so easily success of seed selection.
Rice varieties morning that the present invention selects is named as " wide association-number ", and his father, maternal selection principle are complementary by father, maternal pluses and minuses.This kind Bian be maternal with long-grained nonglutinous rice " wide two stones " early, and early " to assist 4 115 " be male parent to long-grained nonglutinous rice, and maternal characteristics are that plant type is looser, plant height 110cm, 110 of grain number per spikes, thousand kernel weight 24 grams, short grain type, fecundity is good, rice matter is general, and strong stress resistance belongs to partially slow in the early rice breeding time.In the compact set of male parent plant type, plant height 80cm, 80 of grain number per spikes, thousand kernel weight 28 grams, long grain type, fecundity is good, good grain quality, strong stress resistance belongs to partially slow in the early rice breeding time.
After determining father, female parent, with father, maternal kind-work being planted in parent's resource-area; According to similitude breeding time of father, female parent, with father, the maternal subregion sowing same period, the same period, subregion was transplanted, and carried out same field management.
Manually cut grain husk pollination full heading time in the fine morning 8 one 9 clock times carry out, select each the 3-5 plant of desirable Parent that bloomed the same day in the field.Use surgical scissors to spend Miho (before the flower pesticide loose powder) to cut grain husk and take out maternal hedysarum scoparium, cut the complete paper bag (paper bag is cut off two ends, writes hybridization father, maternal code name, pollination date exactly with pencil on the Paper bag) that at once puts of grain husk, with the not good wait pollination of safety pin.Then select paternal plant, selected plant is cut its 3 the strain barriness fringes more than the sword-like leave, cuts grain husk and inserts in the maternal plant next door that will pollinate; When the male parent floriglume begins to open, during flower Drug loose powder, open the paper bag upper end that will be enclosed within on the flower of female parent fringe, holds ready this flower of father Miho with hand and put into paper bag and shake gently the flower pesticide that falls apart and pollinate.Solid in order to guarantee that the flower of female parent fringe is subject to sufficient pollen, can will just use this Hua of Fu Miho of pollination to fasten in paper bag with the female parent De Hua Miho that pollinated, then with the not good two of safety pin, following is clipped on the maternal plant, the higher authorities in succession and are clipped on the maternal leaf, in order to avoid paper bag Off falls, preventing that rainwater from fiercelying beat with mouse, bird causes harm.Pollinate and it can be hybridized F1 seed harvest-seed extraction after 15-20 days and put into former Paper bag and dry preservation, in order to its offspring breed with kind.
Accelerate offspring's breeding: in late rough turning over the autumn then, Fen other Dan Miho, individual plant, subregion sowing, plantation can be planted both parties in a lawsuit's adding generation every year, so that stable with the Hybrid F1 of results.
Progeny selection: begin to identify first the constituency from hybridizing rear second generation F2, entering constituency Inner menu strain afterwards, after the whole strain of selected individual plant is transferred to and dried, carry out again the choosing of indoor species test mirror, so that offspring stable (this combination seed selection is basicly stable to F4).Give over to the offspring and carry outside the Pure rejuvenation stablizing the 2-3 strain of selecting good strains in the field for seed again of residential quarter that the offspring is selected in, the mixed receipts of all the other district seed dried, for participating in elementary (locality) varietal yield test, after selected by variety comparative test, seed with its individual plant purification offspring provides area, municipal variety plots at different levels examination again, enlarge on the whole simultaneously and plant experimentally popularization, so that kind is selected, become the early rice new varieties.
Claims (2)
1. selection of rice varieties early is characterized in that the seed selection step is:
⑴ select male parent and female parent according to breeding objective; The male parent that the present invention selects is that early long-grained nonglutinous rice " assists 4 115 ", and female parent is long-grained nonglutinous rice " wide two stones " morning;
⑵ with father, maternal kind-work being planted in parent's resource-area;
⑶ according to similitude breeding time of father, female parent, and with father, the maternal subregion sowing same period, the same period, subregion was transplanted, and carried out same field management;
⑷ by manually cutting grain husk pollination: full heading time, and in 8-9 point clock time in fine morning, each the 3-5 plant of desirable Parent that bloomed the same day in the field selection; Colored Miho before the flower pesticide loose powder is cut grain husk and takes out maternal hedysarum scoparium, cut the complete paper bag that at once puts of grain husk, paper bag is cut off two ends and is finished writing sign, pollinate with the not good wait of safety pin: then select paternal plant, selected plant is cut its 3 the strain barriness fringes more than the sword-like leave, inserts in the maternal plant next door of being pollinated after cutting grain husk, when the male parent floriglume begins to open colored Drug loose powder, will be enclosed within paper bag upper end on the flower of female parent fringe open, hold ready this Hua of Fu Miho with hand and put into paper bag and shake gently loose flower pesticide and pollinate; Then with the not good two of safety pin, following is clipped on the maternal plant, and the higher authorities in succession and are clipped on the maternal leaf, in order to avoid paper bag Off falls, preventing that rainwater from fiercelying beat with mouse, bird causes harm; It can be hybridized F1 seed harvest-seed extraction after pollinating 15 1 20 days and put into former paper bag and dry preservation, in order to its offspring breed with kind;
⑸ accelerate offspring's breeding: in late rough turning over the autumn then, Fen other Dan Miho, individual plant, subregion sowing, plantation can be planted both parties in a lawsuit's adding generation every year, so that stable with the Hybrid F1 of results;
⑹ progeny selection: begin to identify first the constituency from hybridizing rear second generation F2, entering constituency Inner menu strain afterwards, after the whole strain of selected individual plant is transferred to and dried, carry out again the choosing of indoor species test mirror, so that the offspring is stable; Give over to the offspring and carry outside the Pure rejuvenation stablizing the 2-3 strain of selecting good strains in the field for seed again of residential quarter that the offspring is selected in, the mixed receipts of all the other district seed dried, for participating in local elementary varietal yield test, after selected by variety comparative test, seed with its individual plant purification offspring provides area, municipal variety plots at different levels examination again, enlarge on the whole simultaneously and plant experimentally popularization, so that kind is selected, become the early rice new varieties.
A kind of morning as claimed in claim 1 rice varieties selection, it is characterized in that in order to guarantee that to be subject to sufficient pollen solid carrying out the flower of female parent fringe of artificial pollination after complete, this Hua of Fu Miho of just using pollination is fastened in paper bag with the female parent De Hua Miho that pollinated.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103392450A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2013-11-20 | 无锡求是生物农业有限公司 | Method for collecting rice anther |
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| WO2001006845A1 (en) * | 1999-07-25 | 2001-02-01 | State Of Israel/Ministry Of Agriculture | A method for obtaining 100 % male sterile plants to serve as the female parent in hybrid seeds production |
| WO2001067847A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-20 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Method for increasing the yield of grain biomass per area |
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| 韦世开等: "早稻广协一号的特征与栽培", 《广西农业科学》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103392450A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2013-11-20 | 无锡求是生物农业有限公司 | Method for collecting rice anther |
| CN103392450B (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-11-04 | 无锡哈勃生物种业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of collection method of Rice Anther |
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Application publication date: 20130206 |