CN101731140A - Tobacco male sterile line seed propagation method - Google Patents
Tobacco male sterile line seed propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731140A CN101731140A CN200910218238A CN200910218238A CN101731140A CN 101731140 A CN101731140 A CN 101731140A CN 200910218238 A CN200910218238 A CN 200910218238A CN 200910218238 A CN200910218238 A CN 200910218238A CN 101731140 A CN101731140 A CN 101731140A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco male sterile line seed propagation method, including paddy field piece selection, seedling raising, management of moisture in the soil, transplanting, fertilizer applying, stock tree selection, pollen collecting, pollination and seed harvest. The technology ensures the tobacco plant to be healthy and strong by appropriate retroposition of fertilizer, meets the requirement of post reproductive growth and improves seed quality and yield. Rouging is carried out in strict accordance with the biological characteristic of propagation breed, thus ensuring seed purity. Pollen collecting and pollination technologies are adopted, efficiency and quality are improved, and parents planting proportion is amplified. After applying the technology, the produced seed has high purity and excellent quality, the seed yield is improved to 11-13kg per mu from the original 5-6kg per mu, and significant breakthrough of tobacco male sterile line seed propagation technology is realized. The invention has stronger innovation, applicability, feasibility and application value and has good directive function on propagation production of tobacco male sterile line seed in large area in China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco seed propagation production technical field, be specifically related to a propagation method that grows tobacco male sterile line seed.
Background technology
Follow World tobacco Agricultural Development process, the tobacco male sterile line apply one of main developing direction that progressively becomes current leaf tobacco production.Enter the middle and later periods nineties 20th century, the popularizing planting dynamics of tobacco big country tobacco male sterile series hybrids such as the U.S., Brazil is very big, and the prostatitis in the world has been walked in the research of its tobacco male sterile line and application.
The research and the application of China's tobacco male sterile line are started late.The later stage nineties 20th century, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Chinese tobacco breeding research (south) center applications male sterile mechanism, 87 successful transformations become male sterile line with cloud and mist with tobacco main breed K326, cloud and mist 85, and strengthen year by year and apply dynamics, indicate that the research and the application of China's tobacco male sterile line enters Rapid development stage.Enter 21 century, China's tobacco male sterile line popularizing planting dynamics further strengthens, and is wherein, very fast with Yunnan Province's development speed.The popularizing planting area of national tobacco male sterile line seed in 2009 surpasses 8,000,000 mu, and wherein, Yunnan Province has just realized that as far back as 2005 the whole province's main breed 100% uses the tobacco male sterile line seed.
The research of tobacco male sterile line and large scale application for China's leaf tobacco production provides new production model, have also proposed new challenge for the propagation production of China's tobacco seed simultaneously.China tobacco male sterile line seed breeding area comparatively disperses, and the seed quality of production differs greatly, and the propagation production technology is not high, and seed production is lower; Employing is spent the flower mode is directly pollinated, and pollination efficiency is lower, effect is relatively poor, causes the cross-infection of damage by disease and insect easily.These all become the technical problem that needs to be resolved hurrily in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a propagation method that grows tobacco male sterile line seed, to improve tobacco male sterile line seed quality and output.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
One propagation method that grows tobacco male sterile line seed specifically may further comprise the steps:
1, the field piece is selected
Seminal propagation field piece requires to possess strict isolation condition, vega must not be arranged all around, does not plant solanaceous crops in 3 years, can not plant on every side and be implanted with the crop that different friendship takes place with tobacco.The spacing distance in different tobacco breds breedings field is during less than 1000m, must bagging during the pollination or the florescence stagger more than the 30d.
2, grow seedlings
Adopt the floating seedlings mode, breed required cigarette seedling and cultivate, and each pond, each dish are carried out parent's mark, be strictly on guard against to mix in the special use place of growing seedlings; The father and mother originally ratio of growing seedlings are 1: 4～5.Male parent is than maternal early sowing 10～15d, and to guarantee the male parent florescence early than female parent, male parent can provide enough pollen during pollination.
Seedling growing process has following different with the production of conventional tobacco leaf land for growing field crops: 8 the middle ten days～late September sowing; On the seedling canopy, add the lid layer shading rate and be 80% sunshade net; Seedling growth speed is very fast, needs leaf-cutting 4～5 times; Control is grown seedlings temperature of shed in 20～30 ℃; For preventing to saltout, fertilising is for the first time carried out when emerging to thinning, later on respectively at using before the leaf-cutting first time and before the leaf-cutting for the third time; The control seedling age is 50～60d.
3, reason moisture in the soil, transplanting
Early October～late November transplants.To remove weeds in field before the reason moisture in the soil, the mediation drain ditch, guaranteeing to manage the moisture in the soil progress does not influence transplanting.Soil deeptillage, tilth is not less than 30cm; Require piece smooth, loosing soil in field behind the soil plow harrow; The reason moisture in the soil accomplishes that moisture in the soil is flat, ditch is straight, and moisture in the soil face height is not less than 40cm.Maternal area divides 2～3 batches of transplantings during greater than 100 mu, transplants and is spaced apart 10～15d, the employing plastic film mulching cultivation.This transplanting of father and mother ratio is 1: 4～5, the plantation of field subregion; Male parent is transplanted than maternal 10～15d in advance, and planting density is seeding row spacing 55cm * 120cm.
4, fertilising
Fertilizing amount is than conventional land for growing field crops leaf tobacco production high by 20～30% (percentage by weight), N: P
2O
5: K
2O is 1: 2: 3, and fertilising divides to be carried out for 6～7 times.The flowers are in blossom at the center put before and after, divide 3 every mu of foliage-spray zinc sulphate 0.5kg, borax 0.5kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2kg.
5, kind is selected good strains in the field for seed and is selected
Biological property in strict accordance with the breeding breed parent carries out roguing.Just be selected in and carry out before buddingging, the plant of selecting to have this parent's typical case's proterties and robust growth is reserved seed for planting, and eliminates assorted strain, diseased plant, weak plant.Final election was respectively carried out once in squaring period and center flower open season, eliminated weak strain.Male parent is finished final election before gathering pollen, the maternal final election of finishing before seed collection is eliminated susceptible heavier cigarette strain.If field varietal purity is lower than at 95% o'clock, Ying Quantian eliminates, and male parent is no longer carried out the pollen collection, and female parent is no longer pollinated and reserved seed for planting.
6, pollen collection
Harvesting contains flower bud phase to flower to be begun to open the male parent flower of phase, collects flower pesticide the same day, the flower pesticide of collecting is dried naturally or dry the back under 25～30 ℃ of conditions and sift out pollen with 50 mesh sieves, seals up for safekeeping in 3～5 ℃ refrigerator, standby.
7, pollination
The flowers are in blossom at maternal center put 5d after, disc flower and open flower in the excision are selected to contain flower bud phase to the flower beginning and are opened the flower of phase, remove the corolla front end, expose style 0.5～1.0cm, use the paternal pollen of collection in advance to carry out artificial pollination.During pollination, dip in cotton swab and to get pollen and be applied in uniformly on the maternal flower column cap.Pollination time the morning 9:00～12:00 and afternoon 15:00～18:00 carry out.5～6 batches of every strain pollinations, every strain 200～250 flowers of pollinating altogether.Pollination finishes to carry out flower and fruit thinning behind the 7d, and individual plant stays 150～180 of capsules.In pollination and the seed maturity process, capsule gone mouldy carry out specific aim and prevent and treat, pay attention to integrated control simultaneously insect pests such as aphid, oriental tobacco budworm, prodenia lituras.
8, receipts are planted
Plant in the brown ripe phase receipts of capsule, single fruit is gathered in batches, gathers one for ripe one.The capsule of gathering dries in the air in the cool room of seed and makes 2d, makes the abundant after-ripening of seed, is strictly on guard against that therebetween capsule goes mouldy, and the capsule that goes mouldy needs cleaning in time.Place the threshing ground to carry out sun dehydration then, the rainy day is used special-purpose drying equipment drying.Carry out the seed threshing after the capsule drying, should be strictly on guard against therebetween to mix.The seed process that threshing is good is selected, removes impurity and not full seed, makes seed moisture content be lower than 5% through multiple the solarization again, and pack, mark are put storage in storage.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, determines tobacco male sterile line propagation optimum sowing date and transplanting phase, guaranteed the normal growth of cigarette strain, avoided the unfavourable weather condition effect, guaranteed enough amounts of labour used.The perfect technical system of floating seedlings, the cigarette seedling of cultivating has advantages such as neat and consistent, stalwartness, resistance.
2, according to needing fertile characteristic in tobacco time of infertility, perfect fertilizer practice, fertilizer moves after suitably, has guaranteed cigarette strain individual growth stalwartness, has satisfied later stage reproductive growth needs, has improved seed quality and output.
3, carry out rogueing in strict accordance with the biological property of breeding breed parent and rogue, guaranteed seed purity.Adopt technology such as pollen collection, pollination, improved efficient and quality, enlarged this planting proportion of father and mother.Perfect fruit, the fruit retention technology stayed improved seed production.Capsule single fruit maturation is gathered, and handles through after-ripening, has improved the seed maturity uniformity, has further improved seed quality.
4, seed purity height, the Functionality, quality and appealing design that utilizes this technology to produce, seed production is increased to every mu of 11～13kg by every mu of 5～6kg of propagation technique production in the past, has realized the important breakthrough of tobacco male sterile line seed propagation technique.
5, this technology has stronger novelty, applicability, operability and using value, and the large tracts of land propagation production of China's tobacco male sterile line seed is had good directive function.
Embodiment
By concrete Application Example given below, can further be well understood to the present invention.But they are not limitation of the invention.
Application Example 1
2007,270 mu of Ga Sa town, Jinghong City, Yunnan Province breeding MS cloud and mist 85 (national tobacco main breeds), wherein the male parent plantation was 54 mu, and 216 mu of planting of maternal, this planting proportion of father and mother are 1: 4.
Male parent is in No. 15 on the 8th sowings.It is 3 batches that female parent is divided into, respectively at August 25, September 5 and sowing on September 15.Adopt the floating seedlings mode to grow seedlings, the long 5.82m of nursery pond, wide 1.34m can place 34 seedling-cultivating trays.Sowing 1～2 pelleted seed in every hole after planting, is added a cover fly net, canopy film and one deck index of refraction respectively and is 80% sunshade net on the seedling canopy.When temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, in time open the canopy film, lower the temperature, hydrofuge, after especially the sun shines again after the rain, it was very fast to heat up in the canopy, take off the film cooling rapidly, prevented that high temperature from burning seedling, and the control temperature of shed is in 20～30 ℃.The little cross phase of cigarette seedling begins thinning, after the 5th true leaf grows, and the beginning leaf-cutting, every 5～6d leaf-cutting once, leaf-cutting is 4～5 times altogether.Begin to throw off sunshade net and canopy film after the leaf-cutting for the first time, 7d begins hardening before transplanting.Fertilising is for the first time carried out after emerging, and executing nitrogen concentration is 80～100mg/kg, N: P
2O
5: K
2O is 2: 1: 2, and later on respectively at using before the leaf-cutting first time and before the leaf-cutting for the third time, executing nitrogen concentration is 100～150mg/kg.The male parent seedling age is 55d, and maternal seedling age is 60d.
Early September begins to remove weeds in field, the mediation drain ditch.Soil deeptillage, tilth is not less than 30cm.The soil plow harrow reaches smooth, the loosing soil of field piece, and the reason moisture in the soil accomplishes that moisture in the soil is flat, ditch is straight, and moisture in the soil face height is not less than 40cm.Male parent was transplanted October 9.Maternal respectively at transplanting on October 24, November 4 and November 24, planting density is seeding row spacing 55cm * 120cm.According to the fertile characteristic of need of soil fertility and cloud and mist 85, determined that every mu is used purity nitrogen 11kg, N: P
2O
5: K
2O is 1: 2: 3, uses composite fertilizer (12-12-24) 80kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 80kg, potassium sulphate 20kg, potassium nitrate 10kg, borax 1.5kg, zinc sulphate 1.5kg for every mu.Divide and to use for 6 times, respectively at before transplanting, go back seedling after, press fertile when stretching interim phase of root, group's phase, ridging and use after the pollination for the first time.The flowers are in blossom at the center put before and after, divide 3 every mu of foliage-spray zinc sulphate 0.5kg, borax 0.5kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2kg.Transplant back 25～30d, take off the film ridging.Beginning roguing for the first time before buddingging, the plant of selecting to have this parent's typical case's proterties and robust growth is reserved seed for planting, and eliminates assorted strain, diseased plant, weak plant.Final election was respectively carried out once in squaring period and center flower open season, eliminated weak strain.Male parent is finished final election before gathering pollen, the maternal final election of finishing before seed collection is eliminated susceptible heavier cigarette strain.
Harvesting contains flower bud phase to flower to be begun to open the male parent flower of phase, collects flower pesticide the same day, the flower pesticide of collecting is dried the back naturally sift out pollen with 50 mesh sieves, seals up for safekeeping in 3～5 ℃ refrigerator, standby.The flowers are in blossom at maternal center put 5d after, disc flower and open flower in the excision are selected to contain flower bud phase to the flower beginning and are opened the flower of phase, remove the corolla front end, expose the about 0.5～1.0cm of style, the use paternal pollen carries out artificial pollination.During pollination, dipping in cotton swab and to get pollen and be applied in uniformly on the maternal flower column cap, is good to see the faint yellow pollen of layer of even.Pollination time the morning 9:00～12:00 and afternoon 15:00～18:00 carry out.5～6 batches of every strain pollinations, every strain 200～250 flowers of pollinating altogether.Pollination finishes to carry out flower and fruit thinning behind the 7d, and individual plant stays 150～180 of capsules.In pollination and the seed maturity process, capsule gone mouldy carry out specific aim and prevent and treat, pay attention to control simultaneously insect pests such as aphid, oriental tobacco budworm, prodenia lituras.
Receive kind in brown ripe phase of capsule, single fruit is gathered in batches, gathers one for ripe one, and the ripeness standard of persisting in reunification is strictly on guard against overdone and is adopted green grass or young crops, and finished capsule and gather the ripe same day on the same day.The capsule of gathering dries in the air in the cool room of special-purpose seed and makes 2d, makes the abundant after-ripening of seed, is strictly on guard against that therebetween capsule goes mouldy, and the capsule that goes mouldy needs cleaning in time.Place special-purpose threshing ground sun dehydration then, the rainy day adopts special-purpose drying equipment to carry out drying.Carry out the seed threshing after the capsule drying, adopt mechanical threshing and manual threshing to combine.The repeated screening of seed process, selection by winnowing that threshing is good are removed impurity and not full seed.Be strictly on guard against that in threshing, refining process mechanical admixture and people are for mixing.The process seed shines again and makes seed moisture content be lower than 5%, pack, mark, warehouse-in storage.According to statistics, the gross yield of MS cloud and mist 85 seeds is 3223.8kg, and per mu yield is 11.9kg.
Before the warehouse-in, every batch of seed gradation skewer is at random got about 10g seed, indoor check thousand kernel weight, germination vigor and germination rate.
1, thousand kernel weight is measured.Random number is got 1000 seeds, weighs with electronic analytical balance, is accurate to 0.1mg, 3 repetitions.Simultaneously, skewer is got the 1g seed and is measured seed moisture content with moisture teller at random.Thousand kernel weight=actual measurement thousand kernel weight * (1-surveys moisture)/(1-5%).
2, germination vigor, germination rate are measured.Random number is got 100 seeds, places the culture dish that is lined with two moistening filter paper uniformly, adds a cover, and places 25 ℃ of incubators 14d that germinates then, illumination every day 12h.Calculate germination vigor behind the 7d, calculate germination rate behind the 14d.Germination vigor (%)=(subnumber is planted experimentally in the normal seeds germinated number of 7d/confession) * 100%, germination rate (%)=(subnumber is planted experimentally in the normal seeds germinated number of 14d/confession) * 100%.Repeat for 3 times, each repeats 100 seeds.
The result shows, the average thousand kernel weight of MS cloud and mist 85 seeds is that 82.2mg, average germination vigor are 95.1%, average germination percentage is 96.7%.Seed quality reaches country-level breeding standard.
Application Example 2
Repeated application embodiment 1, and following difference is arranged: 2008, and 360 mu of breeding MS cloud and mist 87 (national tobacco main breeds), wherein the male parent plantation is 60 mu, 300 mu of planting of maternal, this planting proportion of father and mother is 1: 5.Male parent is in No. 15 on the 8th sowings, and seedling stage, 50d transplanted October 5.It is 3 batches that female parent is divided into, respectively at August 30, September 12 and sowing on September 25, respectively at transplanting on October 20, November 5 and November 22.Field period divides 7 fertilisings, respectively at before transplanting, go back seedling after, press fertile, prosperous long mid-term when stretching interim phase of root, group's phase, ridging and use after the pollination for the first time.According to statistics, the gross yield of MS cloud and mist 87 seeds is 4996.8kg, and per mu yield is 13.9kg.Through check, the average thousand kernel weight of MS cloud and mist 87 seeds is that 78.1mg, average germination vigor are 94.4%, average germination percentage is 97.0%.Seed quality reaches country-level breeding standard.
Claims (1)
1. a propagation method that grows tobacco male sterile line seed specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the field piece is selected
Seminal propagation field piece requires to possess strict isolation condition, vega must not be arranged all around, do not plant solanaceous crops in 3 years, can not plant on every side and be implanted with the crop that different friendship takes place with tobacco, the spacing distance in different tobacco breds breedings field is during less than 1000m, must bagging during the pollination or the florescence stagger more than the 30d;
(2) grow seedlings
Adopt the floating seedlings mode, breed required cigarette seedling and cultivate, and each pond, each dish are carried out parent's mark, be strictly on guard against to mix in the special use place of growing seedlings; The father and mother originally ratio of growing seedlings are 1: 4～5; Male parent is than maternal early sowing 10～15d, and to guarantee the male parent florescence early than female parent, male parent can provide enough pollen during pollination;
Seedling growing process has following different with the production of conventional tobacco leaf land for growing field crops: 8 the middle ten days～late September sowing; On the seedling canopy, add the lid layer shading rate and be 80% sunshade net; Seedling growth speed is very fast, needs leaf-cutting 4～5 times; Control is grown seedlings temperature of shed in 20～30 ℃; For preventing to saltout, fertilising is for the first time carried out when emerging to thinning, later on respectively at using before the leaf-cutting first time and before the leaf-cutting for the third time; The control seedling age is 50～60d;
(3) reason moisture in the soil, transplanting
Early October～late November transplants.To remove weeds in field before the reason moisture in the soil, the mediation drain ditch, guaranteeing to manage the moisture in the soil progress does not influence transplanting; Soil deeptillage, tilth is not less than 30cm; Require piece smooth, loosing soil in field behind the soil plow harrow; The reason moisture in the soil accomplishes that moisture in the soil is flat, ditch is straight, and moisture in the soil face height is not less than 40cm; Maternal area divides 2～3 batches of transplantings during greater than 100 mu, transplants and is spaced apart 10～15d, the employing plastic film mulching cultivation; This transplanting of father and mother ratio is 1: 4～5, the plantation of field subregion; Male parent is transplanted than maternal 10～15d in advance, and planting density is seeding row spacing 55cm * 120cm;
(4) fertilising
Fertilizing amount is higher by 20～30% than conventional land for growing field crops leaf tobacco production, N: P
2O
5: K
2O is 1: 2: 3, and fertilising divides to be carried out for 6～7 times; The flowers are in blossom at the center put before and after, divide 3 every mu of foliage-spray zinc sulphate 0.5kg, borax 0.5kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2kg;
(5) kind is selected good strains in the field for seed and is selected
Biological property in strict accordance with the breeding breed parent carries out roguing; Just be selected in and carry out before buddingging, the plant of selecting to have this parent's typical case's proterties and robust growth is reserved seed for planting, and eliminates assorted strain, diseased plant, weak plant; Final election was respectively carried out once in squaring period and center flower open season, eliminated weak strain; Male parent is finished final election before gathering pollen, the maternal final election of finishing before seed collection is eliminated susceptible heavier cigarette strain; If field varietal purity is lower than at 95% o'clock, Ying Quantian eliminates, and male parent is no longer carried out the pollen collection, and female parent is no longer pollinated and reserved seed for planting;
(6) pollen collection
Harvesting contains flower bud phase to flower to be begun to open the male parent flower of phase, collects flower pesticide the same day, the flower pesticide of collecting is dried naturally or dry the back under 25～30 ℃ of conditions and sift out pollen with 50 mesh sieves, seals up for safekeeping in 3～5 ℃ refrigerator, standby;
(7) pollination
The flowers are in blossom at maternal center put 5d after, disc flower and open flower in the excision are selected to contain flower bud phase to the flower beginning and are opened the flower of phase, remove the corolla front end, expose style 0.5～1.0cm, use the paternal pollen of collection in advance to carry out artificial pollination; During pollination, dip in cotton swab and to get pollen and be applied in uniformly on the maternal flower column cap, pollination time the morning 9:00～12:00 and afternoon 15:00～18:00 carry out; 5～6 batches of every strain pollinations, every strain 200～250 flowers of pollinating altogether; Pollination finishes to carry out flower and fruit thinning behind the 7d, and individual plant stays 150～180 of capsules; In pollination and the seed maturity process, capsule gone mouldy carry out specific aim and prevent and treat, pay attention to integrated control simultaneously insect pests such as aphid, oriental tobacco budworm, prodenia lituras;
(8) receipts are planted
Plant in the brown ripe phase receipts of capsule, single fruit is gathered in batches, gathers one for ripe one; The capsule of gathering dries in the air in the cool room of seed and makes 2d, makes the abundant after-ripening of seed, is strictly on guard against that therebetween capsule goes mouldy, and the capsule that goes mouldy needs cleaning in time; Place the threshing ground to carry out sun dehydration then, the rainy day is used special-purpose drying equipment drying; Carry out the seed threshing after the capsule drying, should be strictly on guard against therebetween to mix; The seed process that threshing is good is selected, removes impurity and not full seed, makes seed moisture content be lower than 5% through multiple the solarization again, and pack, mark are put storage in storage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910218238A CN101731140A (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2009-11-24 | Tobacco male sterile line seed propagation method |
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| CN200910218238A CN101731140A (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2009-11-24 | Tobacco male sterile line seed propagation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103348909A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-16 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Economical and efficient production method of tobacco male sterile first generation hybrid seed |
| CN106613925A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Method for producing tobacco foundation seeds by using tobacco breeder seeds |
| CN106818108A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-06-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | The method of vigor Nicotiniana rustica seminal propagation storage high |
-
2009
- 2009-11-24 CN CN200910218238A patent/CN101731140A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103348909A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-16 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Economical and efficient production method of tobacco male sterile first generation hybrid seed |
| CN106818108A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-06-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | The method of vigor Nicotiniana rustica seminal propagation storage high |
| CN106613925A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Method for producing tobacco foundation seeds by using tobacco breeder seeds |
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Open date: 20100616 |