CN100350829C - Breeding method of continuously and directly seeding carly and late rice breed - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for selecting and breeding a continuously and directly seeding early and late rice variety. The present invention is characterized in that materials with the superior genes of low temperature resistance, oxygen lack resistance, short dormancy stage, low light and temperature sensitivity, high temperature resistance, etc. are selected after seeds germinate; the recombination and polymerization of multiple beneficial genes are realized through interspecific hybridization, backcross and distant hybridization mediated by an ion beam, and the stabilization of distant hybridization descendants is accelerated by utilizing ion beam irradiation. On the other hand, the genes of descendant materials are modified. A rice variety with the advantages of stable basic nutrition period, wide adaptability, high stress resistance and good rice quality is obtained.

Description

A kind of breeding method of continuously and directly seeding carly and late rice breed

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rice variety selective method that adapts to light letter cultivation tillage method.Kind and technology combine, and reach the Rice Production process and reduce labour intensity and cost, the purpose of enhancing productivity.

Background technology

Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops of China.The production of double cropping rice occupies an important position in China's Rice Production.China's general light and temperature condition in rice district, south can satisfy the production requirement of double cropping rice.Anhui is positioned at the northern fringe in this district, and the Rice Production light and temperature condition satisfies the production of the double cropping rice in 1 year two season substantially.There is bigger development in the whole province in grain recovery double cropping rice cultivated area in period.In history, maximum cultivated area reaches 1,600 ten thousand mu.Because double cropping rice productive labor intensity is big, benefit is low, the area straight line descends, and has only up till now about 8,000,000 mu.But double cropping rice produces its feature: early rice water saving, saving of labor economize fertilizer, damage by disease and insect is light, basically no pesticide grown; Late rice rice is of fine quality, two season gross output more high than single cropping, therefore, the development double cropping rice produces no matter to improving total grain output, still water resource is efficiently utilized, these technical developments relevant with social sustainable development and public health such as nuisanceless, superior rice production are significant.Present arable area constantly reduces, population increases under the grain demand rigidity increase situation, improves the grain cropping index, and extending the areas for multiple cropping seems very important.The important behave that the plantation of development double cropping rice improves the paddy rice gross output beyond doubt.Yet, factor affecting such as double cropping rice productive labor intensity is big, recruitment is many, efficient is low the enthusiasm of peasant planting.Strive for a relatively comfortable life in the rural area, urbanization is the inevitable course, adding that rural population are gone down town works, aging appears in the rural laborer, labour's know-how descends, and it is low that science and technology popularizes rate, caused culture technique not in place, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and irrigation water availability are low etc., make rice yield and gross output seriously come down.

Light simple cultivated rice is done the development of technology, allows the peasant free from heavy rice does, and improves the paddy rice cropping index, enlarges cultivated area, increases total grain output, becomes the important channel of Rice Production sustainable development.The light simple culture technique of paddy rice is developed fast in recent years.With Anhui is that the live early rice area of example the whole province has accounted for more than 80% of early rice sowing area.The development of light simple culture techniques such as rice direct-seeding, chemical weed control and mechanized harvest has alleviated the labour intensity of rice farming greatly, early, late live area also has bigger development.Since sooner or later rice varieties sow, bloom, the light and temperature condition difference of grouting, each growthdevelopmental stage such as solid, at the morning and evening rice varieties light temperature reaction properties is very different for a long time.General early rice temperature-sensitive, late rice sensitization.So early to meet low temperature Cheng Miaonan different with the kind that the live forward and backward stubble of late rice uses for direct sowing of rice, the shattering during preceding stubble results can cause a back stubble rice varieties to mix and paddy rice self weediness, has had a strong impact on the output of back season paddy rice and commodity etc.Obviously, present kind can not adapt to the demand of continuously and directly seeding carly and late tillage method, becomes " bottleneck " that light simple culture technique is promoted.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of breeding method of continuously and directly seeding carly and late rice breed, and the suitable light simple cultivated rice of seed selection is made the kind of technology, will thoroughly solve the chains in thousand that the rice farming " faces the yellow mud back of the body towards the sky ", greatly improves the enthusiasm of peasant planting double cropping rice.

The present invention determines that the rice variety selective target of suitable continuously and directly seeding carly and late is: kind is germinateed and is had characteristic low temperature resistant, hypoxemia; Resting stage is short, about 12 ℃, can guarantee to broadcast into seedling under the waterflooding condition; The basic nutrition phase of kind is stable, and to light temperature insensitiveness comparatively, early stage, plant type was comparatively loose, and the later stage plant type is well-pressed; Thousand kernel weight is lower, about about 20 grams; The later stage filling speed is fast, and the grouting maturing stage is short, about 23 ~ 25 days; Characteristics such as it is wide to require to have suitability in addition, and strong stress resistance and rice are of fine quality.

On breeding method, utilize the ion beam mutagenesis technology to create the direct seading rice new germ plasm of suitable light letter cultivation.Ion beam mutagenesis is constantly modified and the polymerization excellent genes in conjunction with hybridizing, backcrossing, and utilizes manual simulation's controlled condition and natural conditions combination, and kind is carried out multiple selection.

Kind is designed: the output structure is given prominence to many fringes, big fringe, high ripening rate and fine grain (thousand kernel weight is low).Mainly be to reduce owing to the effective shortening in vegetative period in the live land for growing field crops of bringing of continuous cropping sooner or later, to the influence of output.By reducing thousand kernel weight, shorten the grouting maturing stage to guarantee the stable of vegetative growth phase.

Continuously and directly seeding carly and late on ecology, after season morning results through whole ground, the nearly week age land for growing field crops idle periods of sowing, emerge, this make the paddy rice primary pest as: the breeding of striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, growth lose host field piece.Particularly large-area morning and evening continuous cropping is live, has cancelled late rice seedling link, cuts off " the bridge field " of insect.Can effectively reduce the harm of late rice insect, the cost of the reduction extermination of disease and insect pest and agricultural chemicals are to the pollution of environment.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of breeding method of continuously and directly seeding carly and late rice breed is characterized in that screening has low temperature resistant, anoxia enduring behind the seed germination; Resting stage is short, to the material of light, warm insensitiveness, excellent genes such as high temperature resistant, by interspecific cross, backcross and ion-beam mediated distant hybridization, realize reorganization, the polymerization of a plurality of beneficial genes, utilize ion beam irradiation to accelerate the stable of distant hybrid progeny, on the other hand progeny material is carried out genetic modification, it is stable to obtain the kind basic nutrition phase, to light temperature insensitiveness comparatively, early stage, plant type was comparatively loose, and the later stage plant type is well-pressed; Thousand kernel weight is lower, about about 20 grams; The later stage filling speed is fast, and the grouting maturing stage is short, about 23 ~ 25 days; Suitability is wide, strong stress resistance and rice kind of fine quality.

Screening in the above-mentioned selection is around breeding objective the important character of morning and evening continuous cropping direct seading rice kind to be carried out the time of infertility, multiple target, and the objective trait of molecule, physiology, biochemistry, individuality and population level identifies and selects that concrete grammar is:

Cold resistance:

Lab screening: after germination period is placed on 5 ℃ of refrigerator 5-7 days with the seed of sprouting, measures electrical conductivity and move to 25 ℃ of climatic cabinate light fillings and recover growth 1-2 week, investigation germination rate, planting percent, height of seedling etc.Cold resistance in seedling stage is identified in continued growth under climatic cabinate light filling, 12 ℃ of conditions, filters out the strong individuality of cold resistance;

The screening of natural conditions: in the seed that will sprout 3 months, the last ten-days period, unstable by 12 ℃ at ground temperature, temperature is unstable by under 15 ℃ of conditions, and the garden is identified in sowing in the land for growing field crops, utilize the strong individual plant and the strain system of variation evaluation and screening cold resistance of weather;

The molecular marker assisted selection of cold-resistant gene: the technology of the cold-resistant gene of development utilization RAPD molecular marker assisted selection paddy rice, select to have the individual plant and the strain system of the RAPD mark of cold-resistant gene-correlation;

Young shoot lower temperature resistance, anoxia enduring:

The seed of sprouting is placed on 2-3 week in the water tank of 12 ℃ of water temperatures, depth of water 15-20 centimetre, investigation height of seedling, long also the observation under thermophilic of root are recovered growing state;

Photosensitivity, response to temperature;

The one, to handle by carry out short-day in the photoperiod-sensitive phase, the method is fit to early stage screening to individuality.By interval sowing, observe the variation of duration from seeding to heading in addition, understand the light temperature reaction of kind; The method is fit to the screening of later stage to strain system.

Grain Dormancy

Collect ripe single fringe, soak, 1-2 week " Invest, Then Investigate " seed sprouting situation with 25 ℃ of flowing water.

Ion beam irradiation is meant and adopts ion beam, cobalt 60 to carry out genetic modification to the bad proterties in the kind.

Ecological, production experiment is planted experimentally:

To experimentize in different ecotope to the rice varieties of breeding and to plant experimentally, further identify its adaptability planted in different ecological areas; Produce cultivation characteristic and corresponding corresponding cultivation techniques that kind is groped in experiment.Enter kind zone experimental arrangement on this basis.

The invention effect:

Utilize the ion beam injection technique to create the live type new rice variety of dual-purpose sooner or later, experiment shows, educate kind on basis, show in conjunction with high yield, high-quality early stage anti-cold spell in spring, later stage cold-resistantly divulge a secret, comparatively insensitiveness, basic nutrition phase are stable to the light temperature, thousand kernel weight is lower, the later stage filling speed is fast, and the grouting maturing stage, short characteristics helped the coordination of prematurity and yielding ability; Breeding of it to realization paddy rice light cultivation, increasing production and improying productivity provides a new approach.The per mu yield of two seasons reaches more than 1000 kilograms when planting experimentally.

Sooner or later lively provide technical support, alleviated the labour intensity that double cropping rice does greatly except take leave of traditional planting type for the peasant, simultaneously can the saving of labor, abridged edition, no-tillage and alleviate damage by disease and insect etc.Because season in evening is live avoids striped rice borer breeding period seasonal, the Shaoshi agricultural chemicals, environmental benefit is considerable.Through preliminary investigation, direct sowing culture of continuous cropping sooner or later and the light-dutyest seedling-throwing technology comparison are saved 200 yuan/year of cost, agricultural chemicals expenses etc. for every mu.

Embodiment

Embodiment one:

The little sticking filial generation (F of Xian 768/ Xian 774//late Xian Ma Ba morning morning ₆), by ion beam mutagenesis (N ⁺), energy 30keV, dosage 5 * 10 ¹⁵~ 2 * 10 ¹⁶), through the seed selection in 4 years eight generations, bred paddy rice new lines such as 1139-3 autumn in 2000, carry out variety comparative test spring calendar year 2001,486.5 kilograms of 1139-3 per unit area yields.Plant 0.79 mu autumn calendar year 2001,457.4 kilograms of actual measurement per mu yields; In year autumn spring to 2003 in 2002, morning and evening continuous cropping new varieties 1139-3 is carried out on-the-spot survey of spring and autumn Continuous Tracking produce 6 mu of plantations in 2002,1124.5 kilograms of two season per mu yields; 32 mu of plantations in 2003,1004.3 kilograms of two season per mu yields.Anhui Province variety certification committee orgaization multiple spot production experiment in 2004,1139-3 average yield per mu 423kg is than good Xian 442 volume increase 10.82% of check variety.

Embodiment two:

By hybridization with the cold-resistant gene transfer of Yunnan paddy rice in the kinds such as leg, cloud extensive 72 to rice varieties Xian 14 morning morning that ion beam mutagenesis is bred, at the indoor low temperature stress conditions, the paddy rice new lines that screening is germinateed, the cold resistance of emerging is strong, identify by the field for years, the strong early rice new varieties of cold resistance straight early 038 have been bred, this strain cold resistance is strong, under 10 ~ 12 ℃ of cryogenic conditions, can reach 75% planting percent.In late March, two sowings in continuous realize that substantially one broadcasts full stand, make about 20 days in advance sowing time.Participated in Anhui Province's Xian district examination early in 2003 and 2004, this kind performance cold resistance in seedling stage is strong, rice is of fine quality, output is high, 435 kilograms of two annual per mu yields, and the contrast volume increase 3.5%.2003 and 2004 produce in province inner tissue Direct-seeding Rice and plant experimentally demonstration, about about 2000 mu of cultivated area.General per mu yield reaches 450 kilograms, welcome by the peasant.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of breeding method of continuously and directly seeding carly and late rice breed is characterized in that screening has low temperature resistant, anoxia enduring behind the seed germination; Resting stage is short, to the material of light temperature insensitiveness, high temperature resistant excellent genes, by interspecific cross, backcross and ion-beam mediated distant hybridization, realize reorganization, the polymerization of a plurality of beneficial genes, utilize ion beam irradiation to accelerate the stable of distant hybrid progeny, on the other hand progeny material is carried out genetic modification, it is stable to obtain the kind basic nutrition phase, and suitability is wide, strong stress resistance and rice kind of fine quality;

Described screening is around breeding objective the important character of morning and evening continuous cropping direct seading rice kind to be carried out the time of infertility, multiple target; The objective trait of molecule, physiology, biochemistry, individuality and population level identifies and selects that concrete grammar is:

Cold resistance:

Lab screening: after germination period is placed on 5 ℃ of refrigerator 5-7 days with the seed of sprouting, measures electrical conductivity and move to 25 ℃ of climatic cabinate light fillings and recover growth 1-2 week, investigation germination rate, planting percent, height of seedling.Cold resistance in seedling stage is identified in continued growth under climatic cabinate light filling, 12 ℃ of conditions, filters out the strong individuality of cold resistance;

The screening of natural conditions: in the seed that will sprout 3 months, the last ten-days period, unstable by 12 ℃ at ground temperature, temperature is unstable by under 15 ℃ of conditions, and the garden is identified in sowing in the land for growing field crops, utilize the strong individual plant and the strain system of variation evaluation and screening cold resistance of weather;

The molecular marker assisted selection of cold-resistant gene: the technology of the cold-resistant gene of development utilization RAPD molecular marker assisted selection paddy rice, select to have the individual plant and the strain system of the RAPD mark of cold-resistant gene-correlation;

Young shoot lower temperature resistance, anoxia enduring:

The seed of sprouting is placed on 2-3 week in the water tank of 12 ℃ of water temperatures, depth of water 15-20 centimetre, investigation height of seedling, long also the observation under thermophilic of root are recovered growing state;

Photosensitivity, response to temperature;

The one, to handle by carry out short-day in the photoperiod-sensitive phase, the method is fit to early stage screening to individuality; By interval sowing, observe the variation of duration from seeding to heading in addition, understand the light temperature reaction of kind; The method is fit to the screening of later stage to strain system;

Grain Dormancy

Collect ripe single fringe, soak, 1-2 week " Invest, Then Investigate " seed sprouting situation with 25 ℃ of flowing water.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described ion beam irradiation is meant to adopt ion beam, cobalt 60 to carry out genetic modification to the bad proterties in the kind.