CN105379490A - Ear-controlling, grain-increasing and seed-toughening efficient fertilization method of large-ear type ultrahigh-yield rice variety - Google Patents
Ear-controlling, grain-increasing and seed-toughening efficient fertilization method of large-ear type ultrahigh-yield rice variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ear-controlling, grain-increasing and seed-toughening efficient fertilization method of a large-ear type ultrahigh-yield rice variety. Under a condition of fertilizing soil fertility, fertilizers including pure nitrogen N, potassium oxide K2O and phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 are used as ear fertilizers and are applied to a rice field in one step in a young ear differentiation initial stage, namely an elongation stage; and a fertilization amount is determined according to pre-set total glumous flower quantity and thousand seed weight. According to the method, the dosage of chemical fertilizers is greatly reduced, the ineffective tillering growth is controlled, grains are increased, seeds are toughened and large ears are facilitated; and the strength of base internode and stems is improved, lodging is avoided, and the grain plumpness and the rice quality are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilization of rice technical field, be specifically related to a kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increasing grain and strengthen seed Efficient fertilization method.
Background technology
In recent years, breeding man of China cultivate large quantities of tiller moderate, sword-like leave is straight and upright, plant short in ask high, stem stalk tough and tensile anti-fall large spike Super High Yielding Rice new varieties (as excellent in Y two 900, super excellent 1000 etc.), output hits new peak repeatly, achieve the breeding objective of Chinese super hybridization rice first, second, third phase per mu yield 700kg, 800kg, 900Kg respectively at 2001,2004,2011, within 2014, obtain again the important breakthrough of hundred mu of sheet demonstration per mu yield 1026.7kg.But, these super high yield crops all belong to large-spike cultivar, mainly through increasing every total grain panicle number and unit are total grain husk flower amount to realize its yield potentiality: as every in super hybridization rice first phase tackling key problem kind two line system total grain panicle number 180 ?200, number of productive ear about 200,000; The every total grain panicle number of fourth phase tackling key problem kind Y two excellent 900 320 ?350, number of productive ear about 150,000.As can be seen here, suitably reduce large spike rice varieties number of productive ear, increase the effective way that number of grain per ear is Super-high-yielding tackling key problem.
Facts have proved, the fertile amount of this type of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield consumption is large, as wanted maximum potential to play its production capacity, except application of organic fertilizers culture fertility, also need 24 ?25kg purity nitrogen, 10 ?12kgP
2o
5, 25 ?26kgK
2o, causes canopy thick close, and be subject to the harm of disease worm, between interregional, year, yield stability is poor.Research according to rice cropping experts such as Ling Qihong, Zou Yingbin, beautiful candles shows, the rational application of fertilizer can significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer of South Rice Region of China, and general base manure availability is 20% ?35%, and ear manuer can reach 60% ?65%.At present, base manure and the tillering fertilizer in paddy rice large area high-yield culturing equal heavy dressing early stage build yielding Populations, promote that paddy rice is multiple in seedling stage, early send out, to guarantee the number of productive ear reaching expected volume; And large spike rice varieties can cause ineffective tillering many in early stage under high soil fertility condition, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, therefore, large spike rice varieties on fertilizer management should gently before heavy after, precisely use ear manuer by panicle spike primordium differentiation stage to increase grain and strengthen seed, promote the formation of large fringe, realize Super-high-yielding efficiently.
As can be seen here, for existing large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield fertility and uptake characters, need badly and grind a kind of large spike rice varieties control fringe of wound and increase grain and strengthen seed Efficient fertilization method, thus significantly reduce rate of fertilizer, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, the Super-high-yielding characteristic of distinct variety, provides technical support for realizing chemical fertilizer zero growth rate.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: solve above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, and provide a kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increasing grain to strengthen seed Efficient fertilization method, significantly reduce fertilizer amount, control invalid point of taro growth, increase grain and strengthen seed, promote that large fringe is formed, improve basal internode and straw stiffness, avoid lodging, promote grain-filling degree and rice quality.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, under the precondition of culture fertility, begins phase and shooting stage, by fertilizer purity nitrogen N, potassium oxide K in ear differentiation
2o and phosphorus pentoxide P
2o
5make ear manuer and be administered once in rice field, fertilizing amount total floret bears and thousand kernel weight and determine on the estimation.
In technique scheme, the total floret bears × ripening rate of described pure N amount of application (kg)=estimate × [4 ‰+(X-25.0) ‰)] × 10
?4;
Use the K with pure N amount of application (Kg) equivalent the same period
2o, with strong stem stalk, prevents lodging;
Use a small amount of P the same period
2o
5, promote grain-filling degree and rice quality, P
2o
5the pure N consumption in amount of application=2/5.
Wherein, the total floret bears=number of productive ear of described expectation × every total grain panicle number throughout the year;
X represents the thousand kernel weight (g) of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield.
Preferably, while adopting above-mentioned Efficient fertilization method, carry out alternation of wetting and drying management and disease pest and weed control.
In technique scheme, described culture fertility refers to front stubble green manuring, organic fertilizer 1000kg/ mu during cultivated land.
Below in conjunction with principle and effect, the invention will be further described:
Under existing cultivation mode, the Super-high-yielding characteristic of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield could must realize under the fertile condition of height.The inventive method is according to large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield Growing Characters and the uptake characters being different from multi-spike-type rice varieties, focus on culture fertility, seedling stage not to fertilize, productive phase Tree Precise Fertilization, reach control seedling early stage, the later stage increases grain and strengthens the object of seed, by high yield with efficiently organically combine.It includes in fact the content of following 6 aspects: 1. culture fertility, the 2. transplanting of band tiller, 3. rational close planting, 4. observation ear differentiation beginning phase, 5. accurate Calculation fertilizing amount, 6. alternation of wetting and drying, in time prevention and control damage by disease and insect.
Honda basic seedling amount number and the quality of seedling quality be the key factor determining colony quality in seedling stage, for constructing yielding Populations in seedling stage, prior art is by heavy dressing base manure, imposes tillering fertilizer, by fertile short tiller.But paddy rice utilization rate of fertilizer is in earlier stage low, easily causes pollution of area source.This patent of invention is according to large spike rice varieties uptake characters and shooting property, by the method establishment yielding Populations in seedling stage of " front stubble culture fertility, Honda band tiller are transplanted ", effectively can control ineffective tillering growth, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, reach the object that seedling stage does not use chemical fertilizer simultaneously.
After paddy rice enters reproductive growth, nutrition organs and reproductive organs be growth fast simultaneously, nutrient is vigorous, need to absorb rice strain in life 60% ?70% nutrient, therefore, grain can be increased in ear differentiation beginning phase rational use of chemical fertilizer and strengthen seed, promote that large fringe is formed, decisive will acting on is play to the yield potentiality fully excavating large spike rice varieties.The ear differentiation phase of beginning is determined by remainder leaf number method or leaf age index method, You Miho length method, Young spike development number of days method, ocular estimate.Fertilizing amount is according to formulae discovery: the total floret bears × ripening rate of pure N amount of application (kg)=estimate × [4 ‰+(X-25) ‰)] × 10
?4; Pure N amount of application=K
2o amount of application=2.5 times P
2o
5amount of application (X represents the thousand kernel weight g of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield).
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The first, the planting technology of existing large spike rice varieties builds yielding Populations in early stage mainly through heavy dressing base manure, blindly additional tillering fertilizer, and its fertilizing amount is difficult to grasp, and often cause over growth vegetative growth phase, and ineffective tillering increases, colony quality is poor.The inventive method is according to large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield Growing Characters and the uptake characters being different from multi-spike-type rice varieties, by front stubble green manuring and applications of farmyard manure culture fertility, replace base manure and the tillering fertilizer of prior art, thus significantly reduce fertilizer amount, control ineffective tillering grows, and can also reduce the pollution of area source that chemical fertilizer causes;
The second, for the high yield potential of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield can be given full play to, when entering reproductive growth after date, need at substantial nutrient to promote individual growth and the formation of large fringe.But in order to time and labour saving, the planting technology of existing large spike rice varieties copies mechanically and applies indiscriminately usual planting technology, does not execute or Shaoshi ear manuer, grain husk flower is often caused to degenerate degradation problem under serious, hollow kernels, ripening rate.This patent of invention technology is for the Grain-Filling Characteristics (as thousand kernel weight, ripening rate, every total grain panicle number etc.) of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield and Rice Population architectural feature (as number of productive ear, total clever Hua Liang etc.), accurate Calculation ear manuer amount of application, effectively can not only improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, grain can also be increased and strengthen seed, promote that large fringe is formed, for the realization of Super-high-yielding provides powerful guarantee;
3rd, the K of this patent of invention technology Rational Application and pure N equivalent
2o, can improve basal internode and straw stiffness, avoids the lodging risk that later stage heavy nitrogen application brings; In addition, a certain amount of P is used the same period
2o
5, effectively improve grain-filling degree and rice quality.
In a word, rely on Super-high-yielding Cultivation in Rice experience for many years, and with a large amount of field trial for foundation, for current large spike rice varieties fertilizer practice Problems existing, the present invention proposes a kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control seedling increasing grain and strengthen seed Efficient fertilization method.The method has science, reliability and safety, effectively can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, the Super-high-yielding characteristic of distinct variety, reduces output area differentiation, and provides technical support for realizing chemical fertilizer zero growth rate.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Certain large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield thousand kernel weight is 26.8g, and colony estimates total floret bears 4,000 ten thousand, ripening rate 85%, then need execute pure N=4000 ten thousand × 85% × [4 ‰+(26.8-25.0) ‰)] × 10 in the ear differentiation phase of beginning
-4=19.72kg, K
2o amount of application 19.72kg, P
2o
5amount of application 7.88kg.
Embodiment 2: group structure, Yield And Yield Components and yield comparison table (2014, Changsha)
Result of the test shows, compared with prior art, the colony that the present invention constructs is less, if total floret bears and number of productive ear are all lower than prior art, but the present invention has grown ontogeny, especially facilitate the growth of reproductive organs (spike of rice), make every total grain panicle number, ripening rate and thousand kernel weight have raising in various degree, also significantly improve utilization rate of fertilizer simultaneously.In sum, the present invention, under the prerequisite of a large amount of saving chemical fertilizer, also excavates the Super-high-yielding potentiality of large spike rice varieties.
Claims (4)
1. large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increasing grain strengthens a seed Efficient fertilization method, it is characterized in that, under the precondition of culture fertility, begins phase and shooting stage, by fertilizer purity nitrogen N, potassium oxide K in ear differentiation
2o and phosphorus pentoxide P
2o
5make ear manuer and be administered once in rice field, fertilizing amount total floret bears and thousand kernel weight and determine on the estimation.
2. large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increasing grain according to claim 1 strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, it is characterized in that, the total floret bears × ripening rate of described pure N amount of application (kg)=estimate × [4 ‰+(X-25.0) ‰)] × 10
?4;
Use the K with pure N amount of application (Kg) equivalent the same period
2o, with strong stem stalk, prevents lodging;
Use a small amount of P the same period
2o
5, promote grain-filling degree and rice quality, P
2o
5the pure N consumption in amount of application=2/5.
Wherein, the total floret bears=number of productive ear of described expectation × every total grain panicle number throughout the year;
X represents the thousand kernel weight (g) of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield;
3. large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increasing grain according to claim 1 and 2 strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, it is characterized in that, while adopting Efficient fertilization method, carries out alternation of wetting and drying management and disease pest and weed control.
4. large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increasing grain according to claim 1 strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, and it is characterized in that, described culture fertility refers to front stubble green manuring, organic fertilizer 1000kg/ mu during cultivated land.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112005825A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-12-01 | 常德市农林科学研究院 | Rice lodging-resistant method |
| CN113317150A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method |
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| CN113317150A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method |
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| CN105379490B (en) | 2018-05-08 |
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