CN105379490B - A kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, under the precondition of culture fertility, begins phase, that is, jointing stage in ear differentiation, by fertilizer purity nitrogen N, potassium oxide K₂O and phosphorus pentoxide P₂O₅Make ear manuer and be administered once in rice field, dose is on the estimation depending on total floret bears and mass of 1000 kernel.The present invention significantly reduces fertilizer amount, and control ineffective tillering growth, increases grain and strengthen seed, promote big fringe to be formed, improve basal internode and straw stiffness, avoid lodging, lift grain-filling degree and rice quality.

Description

A kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method

Technical field

The invention belongs to fertilization of rice technical field, and in particular to a kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method.

Background technology

In recent years, China breeder, which has been cultivated during large quantities of tillers are moderate, sword-like leave is straight and upright, plant is short, seeks high, stalk heavily fortified point Tough anti-fall large spike Super High Yielding Rice new varieties (such as Y two excellent 900, super excellent 1000), yield hit new peak repeatly, respectively at 2001st, the breeding mesh of Chinese super hybridization rice first, second, third phase per mu yield 700kg, 800kg, 900Kg are realized within 2004,2011 Mark, obtains the important breakthrough of hundred mu of piece demonstration per mu yield 1026.7kg for 2014 again.However, these super high yield crops belong to large spike Kind, mainly realizes its yield potentiality by increasing the total grain husk flower amount of every total grain panicle number and unit area：Such as the super hybridization rice first phase Kind of tackling key problems two line system is per total grain panicle number 180-200, number of productive ear 200,000 or so；The fourth phase, tackling key problem kind Y two excellent 900 was every Total grain panicle number 320-350, number of productive ear 150,000 or so.It can be seen from the above that suitably reducing large spike rice varieties number of productive ear, increase Add the effective way that number of grain per ear is Super-high-yielding tackling key problem.

It was verified that such large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield consumption fertilizer amount is big, such as maximum potential is wanted to play its production capacity, except applying With outside organic fertilizer culture fertility, also needing 24-25kg purity nitrogens, 10-12kg P₂O₅, 25-26kg K₂O, causes canopy thickness close, easily by Disease pest endanger, it is interregional, annual between yield stability it is poor.According to the research table of the rice cropping experts such as Ling Qihong, Zou Yingbin, a beautiful candle Bright, the rational application of fertilizer can significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer of South Rice Region of China, and general base manure utilization rate is 20%-35%, and ear manuer is reachable 60%-65%.At present, the base manure of rice large area high-yield culturing equal heavy dressing early period and tillering fertilizer build yielding Populations, promote Rice is seedling stage is multiple, early hair, to guarantee the number of productive ear for reaching expected volume；And large spike rice varieties are in height early period Can cause that ineffective tillering is more, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low under soil fertility condition, therefore, large spike rice varieties on fertilizer management should it is light before After weight, seed is precisely strengthened to increase grain using ear manuer by panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage, promotes the formation of big fringe, efficiently realizes Super-high-yielding.

It can be seen from the above that for the fertility of existing large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield and uptake characters, it is a kind of big there is an urgent need for grinding wound Fringe type rice varieties control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, so that rate of fertilizer be greatly reduced, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, surely The Super-high-yielding characteristic of kind is determined, to realize that chemical fertilizer zero growth rate provides technical support.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：The above-mentioned problems of the prior art is solved, and a kind of big fringe is provided Type Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, and fertilizer amount is greatly reduced, and controls invalid point of taro growth, increases The strong seed of grain, promotes big fringe to be formed, and improves basal internode and straw stiffness, avoids lodging, and lifts grain-filling degree and rice quality.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：

A kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe increases grain and strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, in the precondition of culture fertility Under, begin phase, that is, jointing stage in ear differentiation, by fertilizer purity nitrogen N, potassium oxide K₂O and phosphorus pentoxide P₂O₅Ear manuer is made disposably to apply For rice field, dose is on the estimation depending on total floret bears and mass of 1000 kernel.

In above-mentioned technical proposal, the pure N amounts of application (kg)=estimated total floret bears × setting percentage × [4 ‰+(X- 25.0)‰)]×10^‐4；

The same period applies the K with pure N amounts of application (Kg) equivalent₂O, to strengthen stalk, prevents from lodging；

The same period applies a small amount of P₂O₅, lift grain-filling degree and rice quality, P₂O₅The pure N dosages in amount of application=2/5.

Wherein, estimated total floret bears=number of productive ear × long-term every total grain panicle number；

X represents the mass of 1000 kernel (g) of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield.

Preferably, using above-mentioned Efficient fertilization method while, alternation of wetting and drying management and disease pest and weed prevention are carried out.

In above-mentioned technical proposal, stubble green manuring before the culture fertility refers to, organic fertilizer 1000kg/ during cultivated land Mu.

With reference to principle and effect, the invention will be further described：

Under existing cultivation mode, the Super-high-yielding characteristic of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield must under the conditions of high fertile ability Realize.The method of the present invention is special according to large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield growing characters and different from the need fertilizer of multi-spike-type rice varieties Property, focus on culture fertility, seedling stage, productive phase Tree Precise Fertilization achieveed the purpose that control early period seedling, later stage increase grain and strengthen seed not to fertilize, By high yield with efficiently organically combining.It substantially includes the content of following 6 aspects：1. culture fertility, 2. band tiller is transplanted, 3. Rational close planting, 4. observe phase ear differentiation beginning, 5. accurately calculate dose, 6. alternation of wetting and drying, timely prevention and control pest and disease damage.

Honda basic seedling amount number and seedling quality quality be determine seedling stage colony quality key factor, for structure Seeding stage yielding Populations, the prior art are by heavy dressing base manure, impose tillering fertilizer, promote tiller by fertilizer.However, the fertilizer of rice early period Utilization rate is low, easily causes pollution of area source.The patent of invention passes through according to large spike rice varieties uptake characters and shooting property The method of " preceding stubble culture fertility, Honda are transplanted with tiller " establishes seedling stage yielding Populations, effectively ineffective tillering can be controlled to grow, improved The percentage of earbearing tiller, while achieve the purpose that seedling stage does not apply chemical fertilizer.

After rice enters reproductive growth, fast-growth, nutrient are vigorous, it is necessary to inhale at the same time for nutrition organs and reproductive organs The nutrient of rice strain 60%-70% in life is received, therefore, can increase grain in the ear differentiation phase rational use of chemical fertilizer that begins and strengthen seed, promote big Fringe is formed, to fully excavate large spike rice varieties yield potentiality serve it is decisive will.Phase ear differentiation beginning passes through leaf age Method of residues or leaf age index method, You Miho length method, young spike development number of days method, ocular estimate determine.Dose is calculated according to formula：It is pure N amounts of application (kg)=estimated total floret bears × setting percentage × [4 ‰+(X -25) ‰)] × 10^‐4；Pure N amounts of application=K₂O amounts of application =2.5 times of P₂O₅(X represents the mass of 1000 kernel g) of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield to amount of application.

Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：

First, the planting technology of existing large spike rice varieties mainly adds tillering fertilizer by heavy dressing base manure, blindly and builds Early period yielding Populations, its dose is difficult to grasp, and often leads to vegetative growth phase over growth, and ineffective tillering increases, colony It is second-rate.The method of the present invention is according to large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield growing characters and the need different from multi-spike-type rice varieties Fertile characteristic, by preceding stubble green manuring and applications of farmyard manure culture fertility, instead of the base manure and tillering fertilizer of the prior art, so that greatly Width reduces fertilizer amount, and control ineffective tillering growth, can also reduce pollution of area source caused by chemical fertilizer；

Second, it is the high yield potential that can give full play to large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield, after reproductive stage is entered, needs Expending a large amount of nutrients, individual grows and big fringe is formed to promote.However, for time and labour saving, the kind of existing large spike rice varieties Planting technology copies mechanically and applies indiscriminately usual planting technology, does not apply or Shaoshi ear manuer, often lead to grain husk flower degenerate serious, hollow kernels, The problems such as setting percentage declines.Grain-Filling Characteristics (such as mass of 1000 kernel, knot of the patent of invention technology for large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield Real rate, every total grain panicle number etc.) and Rice Population architectural feature (such as number of productive ear, total grain husk flower amount), accurately calculate ear manuer and apply Amount, can not only effectively improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, moreover it is possible to increase grain and strengthen seed, promote big fringe to be formed, provided effectively for the realization of Super-high-yielding Ensure；

3rd, the K of the patent of invention technology Rational Application and pure N equivalent₂O, can improve basal internode and straw stiffness, keep away Exempt from the lodging risk that later stage heavy nitrogen application is brought；In addition, the same period applies a certain amount of P₂O₅, effectively improve grain-filling degree and Rice quality.

In short, rely on Super-high-yielding Cultivation in Rice experience, and using a large amount of field trials as foundation for many years, for current large spike Rice varieties fertilizer practice there are the problem of, the present invention, which proposes a kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control seedling and increases grain, strengthens seed height Imitate fertilizing method.This method has scientific, reliability and security, can effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer, and distinct variety surpasses High yield characteristics, reduce yield area differentiation, and to realize that chemical fertilizer zero growth rate provides technical support.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1：

Certain large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield mass of 1000 kernel is 26.8g, and colony is expected total floret bears 40,000,000, setting percentage 85%, then it need to apply pure N=4000 ten thousand × 85% × [4 ‰+(26.8-25.0) ‰)] × 10 in ear differentiation phase of beginning^-4= 19.72kg K₂O amounts of application 19.72kg, P₂O₅Amount of application 7.88kg.

Embodiment 2：Group structure, Yield And Yield Components and yield comparison table (2014, Changsha)

Result of the test shows that compared with prior art, the colony that the present invention constructs is smaller, such as total floret bears and effective fringe Number is below the prior art, but the present invention has grown ontogeny, especially promotes the growth of reproductive organs (spike of rice) so that There is different degrees of raising per total grain panicle number, setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel, while also greatly improve utilization rate of fertilizer.To sum up institute State, the present invention also excavates the Super-high-yielding potentiality of large spike rice varieties on the premise of largely chemical fertilizer is saved.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe, which increases grain, strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, it is characterised in that in culture fertility Precondition under, in ear differentiation begin phase, that is, jointing stage, by fertilizer purity nitrogen（N）, potassium oxide（K₂O）And phosphorus pentoxide （P₂O₅）Make ear manuer and be administered once in rice field, dose is on the estimation depending on total floret bears and mass of 1000 kernel；The fertilizing Stubble green manuring before power refers to, 1000kg/ mus of organic fertilizer during cultivated land；The purity nitrogen（N）Amount of application (kg)=estimated total grain husk Spend number × setting percentage × [4 ‰+(X -25.0) ‰)] × 10^‐4；

The same period applies and purity nitrogen（N）The potassium oxide of amount of application (Kg) equivalent（K₂O）, to strengthen stalk, prevent from lodging；The same period applies few Measure phosphorus pentoxide（P₂O₅）, lift grain-filling degree and rice quality, phosphorus pentoxide（P₂O₅）The purity nitrogen of amount of application=2/5 （N）Dosage；

Wherein, estimated total floret bears=number of productive ear × long-term every total grain panicle number；

X represents the mass of 1000 kernel (g) of large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield.

2. large spike Rice Variety with Super-high-yield control fringe according to claim 1, which increases grain, strengthens seed Efficient fertilization method, its feature It is, while using Efficient fertilization method, carries out alternation of wetting and drying management and disease pest and weed prevention.