CN113317150A - Rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method - Google Patents
Rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317150A CN113317150A CN202110795346.5A CN202110795346A CN113317150A CN 113317150 A CN113317150 A CN 113317150A CN 202110795346 A CN202110795346 A CN 202110795346A CN 113317150 A CN113317150 A CN 113317150A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice three-source three-reservoir three-stream ultrahigh yield regulation and control method, which comprises the following steps of: designing total fertilization amount and a scheme according to the yield target and variety characteristics of a high-yield rice variety: firstly, determining the fertilizing amount and secondly determining the fertilizing period; constructing a strong source group: firstly transplanting in a field, secondly accurately applying spike fertilizer to the young spike and young spike differentiation in the second stage, and accurately applying spike fertilizer to the young spike and young spike differentiation in the fourth stage; expanding the population storage capacity: firstly, glumous flower differentiation-grain expansion number, secondly weak tiller spike formation-spike expansion number, and secondly, fertilizer adjustment-grain expansion weight are carried out according to temperature; facilitating transport of a substance from a source to a sink: the weak spike is preferred firstly, then the high root pressure promotes grouting and the high transpiration promotes transportation again. By adopting the three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh-yield regulation and control method for the rice, the number of the tiller ears of the population is increased through double transplanting, the large-reservoir population with sufficient effective ear number and glume flower amount in the heading period is established, the grain filling degree and the harvest index are improved, and higher yield is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method.
Background
The yield potential of high-yield rice varieties is huge, but in large-area production and planting, the source and the reservoir of ultra-high-yield rice populations are difficult to coordinate under the empirical extensive cultivation technology, so that the high-yield potential of the varieties cannot be fully exerted, the yield difference between areas is large, the fertilizer and water utilization efficiency is low, and the like. Under the continuous effort of rice breeding workers in China, high-yield rice varieties with more grains, large spikes, long growth period and yield potential exceeding 1000 kg/mu are bred. However, in the large-area popularization and planting process of the high-yield rice varieties, the cultivation technology of the traditional low-yield rice varieties is still adopted, or the application amount of fertilizer is increased blindly by experience, and the fertilizer and water management is extensive, so that the yield potential of the ultrahigh-yield rice varieties cannot be fully exerted, and a series of problems of low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency and the like are caused.
The high-yield rice variety has the characteristics of long growth period, and strong light and capacity in the filling and setting period. At present, the traditional method has the following problems: (1) the cultivation method of the high-yield rice variety in large-area production has the advantages that the problems of low yield, low fertilizer utilization rate and the like are caused by extensive management and fertilization by virtue of experience regardless of the yield potential and the fertility characteristics of the variety; (2) the high-yield rice variety has the characteristics of long growth period and large spike, the total glume flower amount (stock) in the spike aligning period is not large due to extensive empirical management and fertilization modes, the photosynthetic synthetic substance (source) is insufficient due to premature senility of functional leaves in the late stage of grain filling and setting, and the source and the stock are difficult to coordinate, so that the yield of the rice is limited to be improved.
In view of the above, it is necessary to design a "three sources, three pools and three streams" method for controlling high yield of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method for rice, which increases the number of tiller ears of a population by double transplanting, establishes a large-reservoir population with sufficient effective ear number and glume flower amount in the heading stage, improves the grain filling degree and the harvest index, and thus obtains higher yield.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) designing total fertilization amount and a scheme according to the yield target and variety characteristics of a high-yield rice variety: firstly, determining the fertilizing amount and secondly determining the fertilizing period;
(2) constructing a strong source group: firstly transplanting in a field, secondly accurately applying spike fertilizer for the second stage of young spike differentiation, and accurately applying spike fertilizer for the fourth stage of young spike differentiation;
(3) expanding the population storage capacity: firstly, glumous flower differentiation-grain expansion number, secondly weak tiller spike formation-spike expansion number, and secondly, fertilizer adjustment-grain expansion weight are carried out according to temperature;
(4) facilitating transport of a substance from a source to a sink: the weak spike is preferred firstly, then the high root pressure promotes grouting and the high transpiration promotes transportation again.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount in the step (1) is determined as follows:
total amount of pure nitrogen application was 12+ (breed potential-500) x 0.02;
K2total O application was 12+ (race yield potential-500) × 0.03;
P2O5total amount of application ═ 2 total amount of pure nitrogen application.
Preferably, the determining the fertilization period in the step (1) specifically comprises:
pure nitrogen: the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are applied for three times, and the application proportion of the spike fertilizer is increased along with the increase of the yield potential;
K2o: the base fertilizer and the ear fertilizer are applied for two times, and the application proportion of the ear fertilizer is increased along with the increase of the yield potential;
P2O5: the base fertilizer is applied at one time;
wherein the base fertilizer is applied 1 day before transplantation, the tillering fertilizer is applied 5 days after transplantation, and the ear fertilizer is applied in the 2-4 stage of young ear differentiation.
Preferably, the field transplanting in the step (2) is single-root double planting.
Preferably, urea is additionally applied to the glumous flower differentiation-grain expansion number in the young ear differentiation period in the step (3), and a potassium fertilizer is additionally applied to the weak tiller heading-grain expansion number in the young ear differentiation period.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer dosage in the step (3) is increased or decreased according to the average air temperature 15 days after the top dressing, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of the panicle fertilizer is increased by 20% when the air temperature is increased by 2.5 ℃ and is reduced by 20% when the air temperature is reduced by 2.5 ℃ on the basis of 25 ℃.
Preferably, the weak spikes in the step (4) are preferentially and specifically applied with urea at the young spike differentiation stage 4, and 0.8-1.2 g/mu of 920 solution is sprayed when 80% of the weak spikes are aligned.
Preferably, the high root pressure grouting promotion in the step (4) is field wetting management in the grouting setting stage to increase NH in soil4+、K+、Ca2+、Si2+The cation concentration.
Preferably, the high transpiration promotion transportation in the step (4) is kept in deep water of 5-8cm in the field in the heading and flowering period.
Therefore, the rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) designing total fertilization amount and a scheme according to the yield potential and variety characteristics of a high-yield rice variety;
(2) the number of tillering spikes of the stems of the colony is increased through single-cost double-planting transplantation, and a large storage capacity colony with sufficient effective spike number and glume flower amount in the spike-aligning period is established;
(3) by supplementing nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the ear differentiation period, the activities of a 'leaf photosynthetic substance source' and a 'stem and leaf storage substance source' are enhanced, the operation of the 'substance source' to a 'big storehouse' (namely seeds) is promoted, the seed fullness and harvest index are further improved, and thus higher yield is obtained.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Examples
The invention provides a rice three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh yield regulation and control method, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) designing total fertilization amount and a scheme according to the yield target and variety characteristics of a high-yield rice variety:
1.1 determining the amount of fertilised
Total amount of pure nitrogen application was 12+ (breed potential-500) x 0.02;
K2total O application was 12+ (race yield potential-500) × 0.03;
P2O5total amount of application ═ 2 total amount of pure nitrogen application.
The unit of fertilizer application amount and variety yield potential is as follows: kg/mu, fertilizer application scheme of high-yield rice variety is shown in table 1.
1.2 determining the fertilization period
Pure nitrogen: the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer are applied for three times, the larger the yield potential is, the larger the application proportion of the spike fertilizer is;
K2o: the base fertilizer and the panicle fertilizer are applied for two times, the larger the yield potential is, the larger the application proportion of the panicle fertilizer is;
P2O5: the base fertilizer is applied at one time;
wherein the base fertilizer is applied 1 day before transplantation, the tillering fertilizer is applied 5 days after transplantation, and the ear fertilizer is applied in the 2-4 stage of young ear differentiation.
(2) Constructing a strong source group:
2.1 field transplanting: single-root double planting can quickly increase the leaf area of the early stage of the rice population and prolong the vegetative growth period for 3-5 days;
2.2 ear fertilizer is accurately applied in the second stage of young ear differentiation: the leaf area index in the full heading stage is enlarged, and the photosynthetic capacity of functional leaves is enhanced;
2.3 spike fertilizer is accurately applied in the four stages of young spike differentiation: and the duration time of high light efficiency of the functional blade in the grouting setting period is prolonged so as to capture more light energy.
Table 2: base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer application amount (kg/mu)
(3) Expanding the population storage capacity:
3.1 glume flower differentiation-expansion number: applying urea at the two stages of young ear differentiation, increasing the weight of a single stem, providing sufficient nitrogen nutrition for young ear differentiation, promoting glume flower differentiation and increasing the number of grains per ear;
3.2 weak tiller heading-heading number: applying potassium fertilizer in the young ear differentiation stage to promote the storage of soluble carbohydrate in rice, so that the carbohydrate content in the stems is over 15.0mg/kg, the carbohydrate content in the leaves is about 7.5mg/kg, and more reserve substances are provided for tillering and forming ears;
3.3 adjusting fertilizer-expanding grain weight according to temperature: according to the average temperature of 15 days after top dressing, the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is increased or reduced, and the nitrogen application amount of the panicle fertilizer is increased by 20 percent when the temperature is increased by 2.5 ℃ on the basis of 25 ℃; when the air temperature is reduced by 2.5 ℃, the nitrogen application amount of the panicle fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent.
Table 3: spike fertilizer application amount (kg/mu) at air temperature of 25 DEG C
| Yield objective | Pure nitrogen | K2O |
| 500±50 | 3.6 | 4.8 |
| 600±50 | 4.2 | 6.0 |
| 700±50 | 6.4 | 9.0 |
| 800±50 | 7.2 | 10.5 |
| 900±50 | 10.0 | 14.4 |
| 1000±50 | 11.0 | 16.2 |
(4) Facilitating transport of a substance from a source to a sink:
4.1 weak ear first: the urea is applied in the four stages of young ear differentiation, the small tillering and ear forming at the lower part of the colony are promoted, the ear forming rate is improved, meanwhile, 0.8-1.2 g/mu of 920 solution is sprayed when 80% of ears are aligned, the tillering at the lower part of the colony with weak growth vigor is promoted to grow and emerge out of a canopy layer, more light energy is absorbed to become effective ears, and the yield can be increased by about 5%;
4.2 high root pressure grouting promotion: field moistening management in grouting and maturing period to increase NH in soil4+、K+、Ca2+、 Si2+The cation concentration is equal, the root system pressure is improved, and the transport power of carbohydrates in the stems and the leaves is improved;
4.3 high transpiration facilitated transport: keeping the deep water of 5-8cm in the field in the heading and flowering period to improve the group transpiration rate, so as to drive the carbohydrate stored in the stems and leaves to be transported to the grains;
according to the breeding characteristics and yield potential of the rice products, a fertilization scheme is designed, so that the fertilizer utilization rate and the rice yield are effectively improved; under the condition of the same planting area and the same planting stump number, the double transplanting method increases the growth space of a single plant, increases the tillering of the single plant, increases the effective spike number and enlarges the storage capacity of a group in the spike-aligning period; the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied in the differentiation period of the young ears, so that the synthetic amount of the 'material source' can meet the requirement of the 'big storehouse' (grains), and the transportation of the 'material source' to the 'big storehouse' (grains) is promoted.
Therefore, the invention adopts the three-source three-reservoir three-flow ultrahigh-yield regulation and control method of the rice, the tillering number of the stem of the population is increased through double transplanting, the large-reservoir population with sufficient effective spike number and glume flower amount in the heading stage is established, the grain filling degree and the harvest index are improved, and higher yield is obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
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