CN104885746B - A kind of cultural method for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate and its application - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate and its application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to rape cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate and its application.This method mainly includes：With weight ratio meter, humic acid：Ammonium molybdate：Agricultural chitin:Rape seed=0.8~1：0.4~0.6：0.4~0.6：0.18~2.2 preparation is dressed seed；It is that the seeding row spacing of 42~480,000 plants of per hectares and the configuration of strain density are sowed by 20~22cm and density of line-spacing, direct-sowing rape application rate can be optimized by selecting and installing the seed tray in 55~60 holes before sowing on the type rape combined drills of 2BFQ 6, the direct-sowing rape seeding row spacing optimized is obtained, so as to reduce direct-sowing rape mechanical harvest loss late.After method using the present invention, under the conditions of rational fertilizer application mode and Suitable Sowing Period, per hectare direct-sowing rape silique floor height, silique is concentrated, there is the characteristics of high yield, anti-fall, cracking resistance angle simultaneously, maturity period mechanical harvest loss late is low, and Rape-seed production benefit significantly improves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rape cultivation technical field, and in particular to a kind of cultivation for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate
Method and its application.
Background technology
China is Rape-seed production state maximum in the world, its cultivated area and total yield Jun Zhan world's rapeseed areas and total yield
More than 30%.Rapeseed oil is also the first self-produced big edible vegetable oil of China, annual production about 4.50 × 106T, account for domestic food
With more than the 41% of vegetable oil total amount.Compared with external Rape-seed production, the traditional Rape-seed production mode recruitment in China is more, work is numerous
Weight, labor cost remain high, and cause China's Rape-seed production inefficiencies, and international competitiveness is not strong.The numerous production in various regions
Actual to show, the production of rape entire mechanization can substantially reduce recruitment, improve rape Comprehensive Productivity and take part in international competition power, therefore
But ensure the only way which must be passed of China's edible oil safety supply.
Mechanical planting and the emphasis that mechanical harvest is the production of rape entire mechanization.On rape seed machinery development and
The research of mechanical planting technology comparative maturity, be just widely applied in China Yangtze river basin should for mechanical planting technology at present
With.But the application percentage of rape mechanical harvest technology is still than relatively low.According to Ministry of Agriculture's survey data, northern China spring rape advantage
Area's machine receives area and accounts for national machine receives area 50% or so, however, accounting for the winter rape main producing region of national rapeseed area 85% or so
(Upper Yangtze River Predominance Area, Yangtze middle reaches Predominance Area, THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY Predominance Area) machine receives area and ratio is then considerably less, and the producing region is still
Using traditional artificial harvesting approach.Rape harvest year after year is harvested and sowed in summer double rush for harvesting and sowing season on the occasion of south China, traditional
Artificial harvesting approach cargo handling operation is cumbersome, expends a large amount of labours, cost of labor remains high, and Rape-seed production benefit is extremely low, agriculture
Family plantation rape enthusiasm is not high, and the producing region rapeseed cultivation area is hovered for a long time., mechanical harvest is the production of rape entire mechanization
" bottleneck " link.Therefore, rape harvest Mechanization Technique is widelyd popularize using imperative, and it is to realize that China the Changjiang river is flowed
Domain rape large area gently simplify production extremely important technical measures, be promote the rape main producing region synergy of China Yangtze river basin,
The important means of increasing peasant income, and improve the important measure of China's Rape-seed production power and competitiveness in the international market.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides one kind to optimize the live oil of Yangtze river basin rape producing region Wild cabbage type
The method of dish planting spacing, it is rape entire mechanization production model to reduce the producing region rape mechanical harvest loss late
Popularization lays the foundation.
A kind of cultural method for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate, comprises the following steps：
Line-spacing is used to be carried out for seeding row spacing that 20~22cm and density are 42~480,000 plants of per hectares and the configuration of strain density
Sowing.
Further, in addition to sowing before Dressing, with the mixture pair of humic acid, ammonium molybdate and agricultural chitin
Rape seed is dressed seed, wherein, with weight ratio meter, humic acid：Ammonium molybdate：Agricultural chitin:Rape seed=0.8~1：
0.4~0.6：0.4~0.6：0.18~2.2.
Preferably, the cultural method for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate, comprises the following steps：
1) during Gregorian calendar September 20~October 10, when field soil water content is down to 60~80% before cleaning stubble
After sow.
2) rape spend eventually after 45~50 days, when silique water content be down to 13~15%, siliqua of oilseed rape all turn yellow and slightly
Mechanized harvest is carried out during black.
Preferably, 30~40cm of rape stalk toothing during harvest.
Preferably, fertilizer application mode during sowing is：Mu using 30~40kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and 1~
1.5kg boron fertilizer makees base fertilizer.
Preferably, top dressing pattern after planting is：8~12kg of urea is applied in 5~8 leaf phase mus of rape.
After planting, can by manual cleaning waist ditch, enclose ditch and railway carriage or compartment ditch, communicate ditch ditch, irrigation and drainage it is convenient.
Preferably, when current stubble is the field of rice, 20~25 days dry fields, are received for 10~15 days prior to seeding prior to seeding
Obtain, returning to the field after rice straw crushes.When current stubble is the field of dry crop, harvest within 5~10 days prior to seeding, after stalk crushes
Returning to the field.
Preferably, by the distance of feed mechanism for seed and the hole count of discharge plate that adjust rape combined drill, sowing line-spacing is made
It is 42~480,000 plants of per hectares for 20~22cm, density.
More than, implanted device can use rape combined drill, such as the machinery such as 2BFQ-6 type rape combined drills
Equipment., can be by matching the discharge plate in 55~60 holes and adjusting feed mechanism for seed when using 2BFQ-6 type rape combined drills
Distance carries out the Auto-regulating System of Density of Heavy Medium of line-spacing and spacing in the rows.
Present invention also offers the application of the above method, and it is applied to the machinery in Yangtze river basin Wild cabbage type direct-sowing rape producing region
Change harvest.
More than, rape combined harvester can be selected in mechanical harvest equipment, such as：Starlight most distinguished 4LL-2.0D types rape is combined
Harvester etc..
This method can be applied to Yangtze river basin rape producing region live cabbage type rape production, can by sow before
Selected on 2BFQ-6 type rape combined drills and the seed tray in 55~60 holes is installed to optimize direct-sowing rape application rate, during sowing
The seed tray of rape direct seeder is adjusted away from being 20~22cm to optimize direct-sowing rape line-spacing, September 20 days is live to October 10, still
The basis of peasant household's habits fertilization amount can be used, and obtains siliqua of oilseed rape floor height, silique is concentrated, while has high yield, anti-fall, cracking resistance
The rape Field block of angle feature, so as to ensure maturity period relatively low mechanical harvest loss late and higher Rape-seed production benefit.
Embodiment
The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit
Determine the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Continuous 2 years of years of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 are in Wuhan City, Hubei Province Hua Zhong Agriculture University rape proving ground
The miscellaneous 62 rape variety different plant and row spacing of magnificent oil and mechanized harvest experiment have been carried out, has been comprised the following steps that：
1) test material：Experimental field preceding stubble is rice, and early September harvests.The a length of 50m of cell, a width of 2m, variety adoption China
Miscellaneous 62, Mechanical direct sowing was carried out using 2BFQ-6 type rapes combined drill in 23 in September in 2012.
2) test method：Experiment uses split block design, rapeseed cultivation density be set to 150,000 plants of per hectare, 300,000 plants, 450,000
Three level of density of strain, are represented with D1, D2, D3, are primary area respectively；Line-spacing is arranged to 15cm, tri- levels of 25cm, 35cm, divides
Not Yong R1, R2, R3 represent, be secondary area；
3) rape field management：Cong Zimiao is removed between being after rape emergence, 3~4 leaf phase final singlings, ensures that each cell accordingly stays seedling
Density, other management are the same as conventional；
4) the rape maturity period, manually harvest length packed for 10m rape in each cell, avoided losing, after drying threshing
Grain yield is weighed, and is converted into cell production；
5) mechanical harvest determination of yield：Each cell rape is harvested using 4LL-2.0D types rape combined harvester, seed shines
Weigh kernel weight after dry, selection by winnowing removal of impurities, and convert each cell rape mechanical harvest yield, by manually harvest cell production and
Mechanical harvest Production rate respectively handles cell mechanical harvest loss late.
6) measurement result is as shown in table 1, table 2.
Table 1 shows, compared with final singling density, the actual strain number of each cell maturation harvest time decreases, and exists obvious
Extinction effect；Density or line-spacing increase, ripe harvest time effective strain rate decline.It is rape individual plant silique number, every when line-spacing is identical
Silique grain number, mass of 1000 kernel and single plant yield increase and declined with density, but actual production gradually increases；When density is identical, on
Stating index increases and increases with line-spacing (seedling spacing smaller value can be regarded as into spacing in the rows herein), causes actual production to be gradually reduced.No
Shadow of the influence of same time, density and line-spacing to 1 each index of table up to notable or the pole level of signifiance, density and line-spacing to each index
Notable reciprocal effects be present in sound.
Influence of the planting spacing of table 1 to direct-sowing rape individual plant and actual production
Table 2 shows, spends rear 45d moisture content of kernels to decline with density and line-spacing eventually and increases.Each cell of this experiment is in seed
I.e. mechanical harvest when grain water content is down to less than 13%, therefore low-density (150,000 plant/hectare) is than high density (450,000 plants/acre) most
Good mechanical harvest period lags 3~5d.When line-spacing is identical, mechanical harvest yield with density increase and increase, harvesting loss rate with
Density increases and declined；When density is identical, mechanical harvest yield increases and declined with line-spacing, loss late increases with line-spacing and increases
Add.Reciprocal effects be present in the influence of density, line-spacing to rape mechanical harvest yield and loss late.
The influence of the density of table 2 and Spacing form to direct-sowing rape mechanical harvest characteristic
Table 3 is actual production, mechanical harvest loss late, mechanical harvest yield and density and the R of the regression equation of line-spacing2
Value, F values and theoretical value, density and leading value as obtained by equation optimizing.Each regression equation F values reach the pole level of signifiance, pass through
Examine.Equation optimizing result shows that the theoretical value minimum density of mechanical harvest loss late and line-spacing allocation optimum are 2.9 ten thousand plants
And 21cm, the optimal required density of actual production and Spacing form parameter are similar in theory to cell for its allocation optimum parameter.
Planting density and optimizing row distance configuration parameter under the rape mechanical harvest pattern of table 3
Therefore, on the basis of equation standard deviation is considered, under the conditions of field management is accustomed to by peasant household, by rape mechanical loss
It is 20~22cm that rate, which minimizes, reality and mechanical harvest yield reach the suitable line-spacing of peak value, and planting density is 42~480,000
Strain/hectare (seed tray specification is 55~60 holes on corresponding 2BFQ-6 types rape combined drill).
Embodiment 2
The conclusion (of pressure testing) in 2012-2013 years is carried out in Hubei China province Ezhou Demonstration Base within 2013-2014 years
315 mu of large-scale demonstration, using the cropping pattern that peasant household is accustomed at present as control.Maturity period determines demonstration area actual production (people
Work harvest), mechanical harvest yield, mechanical harvest loss late index, further prove 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 experiment
Conclusion.Comprise the following steps that：
1) rape variety is selected and planted：Stubble is rice before 315 mu of demonstration pilot projects, and each field harvests in early September, rape
Miscellaneous No. 9 of variety adoption China, Mechanical direct sowing was carried out using 2BFQ-6 type rapes combined drill in 27 in September in 2013.Before sowing
The discharge plate in 60 holes is installed on the seed-sowing machine, while feed mechanism for seed distance is adjusted to 21cm.Choose in demonstration area at 5 points, with
Peasant household's custom cropping pattern (equally carries out Mechanical direct sowing, at this before sowing for control using 2BFQ-6 type rapes combined drill
The discharge plate in 40 holes is installed on seed-sowing machine, while is 35cm by feed mechanism for seed distance)
2) other management of rape field are the same as conventional；
3) rape maturity period, 5 testing sites in 300 mu of rape seed growing areas, respectively in peasant household's customary model and optimization
The mode harvest area manually harvested is used in mode treatment as 100m2Rape after pack, measure 5 points actual seed production
Amount, and it is converted into the actual grain yield in demonstration area (i.e. manually harvest grain yield)；
4) when siliqua of oilseed rape water content is down to 15% or so, using starlight most distinguished 4LL-2.0D type rape combined harvesters
Mechanized harvest is carried out, rape stalk toothing 30-40cm during harvest.
5) mechanical harvest seed, which dries, raises net rear measure mechanical harvest grain yield, converts mechanical harvest seed per mu yield；
6) according to the actual seed per mu yield in demonstration area (artificial harvest seed per mu yield) and mechanical harvest seed per mu yield, demonstration is drawn
Area's mechanical harvest loss late (table 4).
Table 4 shows, is accustomed to cropping pattern using peasant household, 5 points of rape mechanical harvest loss late averagely reaches 13.5%, reality
Grain yield and mechanical harvest grain yield ask 201.7kg/ mus, 174.2kg/ mus respectively；And after using optimization seeding row spacing plantation,
5 average out to 7.4% of rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate,
The 2013-2014 Hubei Province Ezhou rape Demonstration Base rape mechanical harvest loss late (%) of table 4
The better embodiment of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of cultural method for reducing rape production mechanization harvesting loss rate, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) during Gregorian calendar September 20~October 10, broadcast when field soil water content is down to 60~80% before cleaning after stubble
Kind；
2) 45~50 days after rape is spent eventually, when silique water content is down to the flavescence of 13~15%, siliqua of oilseed rape whole and slightly black
Shi Jinhang mechanized harvests；
Wherein:
In step 1), by the distance of feed mechanism for seed and the hole count of discharge plate for adjusting rape combined drill, the sowing line-spacing is set to be
20~22cm, density are 42~480,000 plants of per hectares；
Dressing is carried out before sowing, rape seed is dressed seed with the mixture of humic acid, ammonium molybdate and agricultural chitin,
Wherein, with weight ratio meter, humic acid：Ammonium molybdate：Agricultural chitin:Rape seed=0.8~1：0.4~0.6：0.4~0.6：
0.18~2.2；
Fertilizer application mode during sowing is：Every mu of 30~40kg of administration nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and 1~1.5kg boron fertilizer
Make base fertilizer；
Fertilizer application mode after planting is：8~12kg of urea is applied in every mu of 5~8 leaf phase of rape；
30~40cm of rape stalk toothing during harvest；
When current stubble is the field of rice, 20~25 days dry fields, are harvested, rice straw powder for 10~15 days prior to seeding prior to seeding
Returning to the field after broken；When current stubble is the field of dry crop, harvest within 5~10 days prior to seeding, returning to the field after stalk crushes.
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| CN108651194B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-05-08 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for reducing mechanical rolling and improving yield of ratoon rice |
| CN110447486A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 苏州市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method for raising dual-purpose rape suitable for southern area of Jiangsu Province flower |
| CN110476744A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Floral leaf character is increasing the application on rape group child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood pericarp area |
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| CN102124898A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-07-20 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for mechanically harvesting winter rape efficiently with low power consumption |
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| CN1037482C (en) * | 1994-02-21 | 1998-02-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method for capitata double hybrid rape |
| CN1118211A (en) * | 1994-09-10 | 1996-03-13 | 贵州省遵义地区种子公司 | Winter sowing technology for producing seeds of hybrid rape with three series |
| CN101292599A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2008-10-29 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method of 'mechanical sowing, mechanical harvest, moderate management' for south winter rape |
| CN101731079A (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2010-06-16 | 杨秀岚 | Rape no-tillage transplanting and culturing technology |
| CN101766093A (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2010-07-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production and high efficiency method |
| CN103204729A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-17 | 山东新沭化化肥有限公司 | Composite fertilizer comprising chitin, humic acid, and middle and trace elements |
| CN102986413B (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-01-15 | 郎溪县种子管理站 | Method for planting rapes |
| CN103636397B (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-02-18 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for promoting high production and early-maturing of rapes |
| CN104041289A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-09-17 | 青岛博洋生物技术有限公司 | Rape planting method |
| CN104604556A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-05-13 | 华中农业大学 | Method for improving pod shatter resistance of silique during mature period of cabbage type rape variety and application thereof |
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| CN102124898A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-07-20 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for mechanically harvesting winter rape efficiently with low power consumption |
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