CN1118211A - Winter sowing technology for producing seeds of hybrid rape with three series - Google Patents

Abstract

The three-line method for breeding hybrid rape sowed in winter features that using sterile line "shaan 2A" or likes as female parent and sowing it in winter can control the generation of micro pollen and realize the isolation in time and space for increasing the seed purity. The method is suitable for the Yangtze valley and has the output 40-50 kg/mu.

Description

Winter sowing technology for producing seeds of hybrid rape with three series

The invention belongs to cross-bred rape cytoplasmic male sterilty three-way cross hybrid use of advantage field.

About the rape heterosis utilization, all attached great importance to both at home and abroad in recent years, and all obtained certain progress, but real success also is used for producing and obtains remarkable benefit person, " Brassica napus ternary hybridization and the culture technique " of only having only the flourish seed selection in China Educational Center of Agriculural-Settlement Science and Technology, Shaanxi Pro inventor Lee hall, the patent No.: 86108723.2, this invention seed selection Brassica napus cytoplasmic male sterilty three is (a male sterile line, maintenance line, recover system), seed selection male sterile line Shan 2A does maternal, maintenance line Shan 2B makes paternal hybrid, the breeding shaan 2a cms is made female parent with male sterile line Shan 2A, recovers system and cultivates C ₁Make paternal hybrid, No. 2 crossbreed of Qin's oil of the strong advantage combination of preparation, and supporting high-yield culture technique, make under the prerequisite that the hybrid oil content do not reduce (comparing) with current recommended variety, can improve rape yield per unit area greatly, promoting cross-bred rape for China's large tracts of land provides to increase very significant first three line hybrid seed of benefit.Since authorization was qualified, each province, the Yangtze river basin promoted crossbreed rapidly, but because the strange land accent is planted, not only will spend a large amount of human and material resources, because of far away, and communications and transportation inconvenience, and incur loss through delay season sometimes, cause the tremendous economic loss.So all provinces in the Yangtze river basin all introduce parent's production of hybrid seeds as provinces such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Anhui, but to full-bloom stage trace-pollen often appears at the first flower of this region production of hybrid seeds, produce self-flowering fruiting, influence seed purity, the seed of preparation can not be used for producing, and does not all succeed.Autumn in 1988,170 mu of No. 2, Shan Cha township, zunyi, guizhou province county preparation Qin oil, results seed 1.3 ten thousand Kg, 140,000 mu of autumn sowings in 1989, find flowering stage at the beginning of 90 years 4 months, seed purity only 20～50%, it is sterile strain that 50～80% plant is arranged, cause the underproduction 30～50%, exactly from No. 2 crossbreed of Qin's oil that areas such as Weinan, Shaanxi Province, Baoji preparations is transferred in, through the investigation of large tracts of land multiple spot, seed purity also only about 80%, if reach about 90%, just can reach and increase production 5～8% purpose again but seed purity can be improved 10% again.Therefore, prepare cross rape on the spot, and improve seed purity, produce the problem anxious to be solved that goes up just.

Purpose of the present invention is required at producing just, carry out the research of Shan 2A micro mist pests occurrence rule and utilize rule to carry out the production of hybrid seeds, prepare highly purified hybrid seed on the spot, height above sea level is solved the seeding technique of cross-bred rape kind in 800～1200 meters all provinces in the area, zunyi, guizhou province and even the Yangtze river basin, be badly in need of for solving to produce, large tracts of land improves rape yield per unit area, increases economic and social benefit.

Technical scheme of the present invention is to realize like this.

At first cross-bred rape male sterile line Shan 2A is carried out fertility Changing Pattern research: 1. couple Shan 2A and cultivate C ₁Sow from two phases of branch every month February of October to the coming year; 2. Shan 2A flower is just spent, contained flower and spends complete observation eventually, put down in writing the powder situation that has or not; 3. utilize Shan 2A not have powder processing in sowing time carrying out production of hybrid seeds test; 4. repeat 3 years.Observed from four aspects in 1 year, different flowering period promptly just flower, contain the sampling observation at flower and whole florescence, the sampling observation of different inflorescences position 100 strain large samples, the observation of the whole whole flowers of strain.Second and third year is that the situation according to last year repeats.Secondly to the similar male sterile line of male sterile line Shan 2A as: 1356A, 32A, early the male sterile line of cytoplasmic sterility such as 32A, G3A, 3A or nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction divides the sowing of two phases, and autumn sowing seedling raising and transplanting, winter sowing are live.Cause the first phase blooming to early April of (early September) autumn sowing at the late March in the coming year.The late April in the coming year of the winter sowing second phase (early December) blooms, and flower is observed in record respectively WUHUAFEN.Whole test research over 4 years, the broccoli type male sterile line that draws all cytoplasmic sterilities is put down in writing, adds up, analyzed to nearly 3000 observed data and more than 2000 statistics thereof, its fertility all has the characteristics of response to temperature, the temperature that the variation of fertility is being subjected to pollen to form period is controlled, trace-pollen raises with temperature and obviously reduces, so that change into thoroughly sterile.When day in flowering stage, samming was 15～20 ℃, no powder or little pollen in the male sterile line flower.

Drafting seeding technique by the above rule of exploring mainly is: 11, December and January in next year, male sterile line Shan 2A is made maternal, maintenance line Shan 2B make male parent, breeding shaan 2a cms, male sterile line Shan 2A does maternal, and recovering is to cultivate C ₁Do No. 2 crossbreed of paternal hybrid preparation Qin's oil.And with also changing winter (the Beginning of Winter is to the beginning of spring) in aforesaid and the sowing time similar male sterile line of male sterile line Shan 2A from former autumn (September, October).Rape winter sowing and autumn sowing, the temperature condition difference of seedling phase, seedling frame growing way is also different.The seedling of winter sowing, because of meeting the low temperature severe cold, growing way is slow, treat just tachyauxesis after the beginning of spring, yet enter flowering stage very soon again, so plant becomes short and small because of vegetative growth phase is short, for obtaining high yield, take to strengthen density, stay seedling more, suitable row ratio, base fertilizer is made good use of on meticulous whole ground, in time even seedling final singling, comprehensively with fertile, in time chase after seed manure, tongue fertilizer, manage male parent partially.Safety is isolated, and combines with time isolation and distance isolation.Artificial supplementary pollination, technical measures such as roguing, the purity of hybrid of allotting like this can reach 85～95%, the output height, general per mu yield 40Kg, the high-yield field can reach 50Kg.

Three-line Hybrid rape seed technology of the present invention autumn sowing changes the generation that winter sowing has not only been controlled micro mist effectively, improved seed production quality, and the time isolation that when autumn sowing is difficult to implementation space safety isolation, can utilize winter sowing to bring, reduce the micro mist rate in flowering stage and improved outcrossing seed-setting rate, realized that Brassica napus cytoplasmic male sterilty " three are " and similar male sterile line thereof can make the crossbreed of high-purity and high yield in the Yangtze river basin, it is difficult to have overcome long-distance transport, solved the production of hybrid seeds on the spot for planting, a large amount of manpowers have been saved, material resources, the large-area yield per unit area that improved, general per mu yield rape 40Kg, the high-yield field can reach 50Kg, has increased economic and social benefit.

Utilize male sterile line Shan 2A and similar male sterile line thereof with height above sea level in 800～1200 meters area, zunyi, guizhou province below, the seeding technique of preparing No. 2 crossbreed of the Qin's oil winter is example narration embodiments of the invention.

The male sterile line Shan 2A that draws Educational Center of Agriculural-Settlement Science and Technology, Shaanxi Pro makes female parent, and maintenance line Shan 2B makes paternal hybrid, the breeding shaan 2a cms, and male sterile line Shan 2A does maternal, recovers system and cultivates C ₁Change sowing in autumn (9, October) as male parent and be No. 2 crossbreed of sowing hybridization preparation Qin's oil in winter (the Beginning of Winter is to the beginning of spring).

1, proper seeding.Male parent date of seeding maternal and first phase is 11, December or January in next year, and the male parent date of seeding second phase is than first phase male parent late sowing first quarter moon.

2, rational close planting.Requirement seedling table structure is father and mother's one's own profession ratio of 1: 5, every mu of female parent 2.9～3.1 ten thousand strains, and male parent 0.58～0.62 ten thousand strain, the distance between rows and hills of 1.0 * 0.5 chis, every mu of sowing 1～1.2 ten thousand nest, every nest stays seedling 3～4 strains.

3, meticulous cultivation management.Require meticulous whole ground, weed a garden.Make good use of base fertilizer, make base fertilizer, in time even seedling final singling with phosphate fertilizer, boron fertilizer, farmyard manure and clear excrement.Comprehensive fertilizer of using in time chases after seed manure, tongue fertilizer, requires mu purity nitrogen 15Kg, phosphorus pentoxide 10Kg, potassium oxide 10Kg, boron fertilizer 2Kg, zinc fertilizer 1Kg.Pipe male parent partially to the male parent secondary that topdresses partially, and sprays " 920 " before blooming, improve the paternal plant height, in order to pollination.

4, safety is isolated, anti-assorted removal of impurities.The employing time is isolated the method that combines with distance isolation.Distance isolation is bloomed and is not had under the situation that other barrier isolates in the same period at the crop in cruciferae in production of hybrid seeds district rape and non-production of hybrid seeds district, and the distance isolation distance is minimum to be 2000M.Change autumn sowing (9, October) and be winter sowing (11, December or January in next year), make rape when flower beginning in production of hybrid seeds district, the whole bow structure bundle of the crop in cruciferae in non-production of hybrid seeds district on every side. the overall process removal of impurities, from emerging to results, the assorted strain of all discoveries all will in time be pulled out, and the strain rate of will mixing is controlled at below the one thousandth.For preventing that micro mist from appearring in special time climatic variation, carry out the micro mist inspection, initial bloom stage will be checked in the flower of main shaft or branch at any time WUHUAFEN, as pollen occurs, in time pulls out.And after pollination finishes, immediately male parent is cut off, and dealt carefully with stubble.

Simultaneously, also want prevention and elimination of disease and pests, supplementary pollination and timely results reach carries out purity check to seed.Can put into production use through being up to the standards.

Utilize and the similar male sterile line of male sterile line Shan 2A, as 1356A, 32A, G3A, early 32A, 3A carry out the production of hybrid seeds and experiment in cultivation by above-mentioned seeding technique, can reach above effect equally.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of method of Winter sowing technology for producing seeds of hybrid rape with three series, it is maternal to select male sterile line Shan 2A to do, and maintenance line Shan 2B makes paternal hybrid, the breeding shaan 2a cms, male sterile line Shan 2A does maternal, recovers system and cultivates C ₁Do No. 2 crossbreed of paternal hybrid preparation Qin oil, it is characterized in that utilizing male sterile line Shan 2A and similar male sterile line thereof, will change winter sowing into from autumn sowing sowing time, rational close planting, safety is isolated, and makes purity up to 85～95% cross-bred rape kind.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that using with the similar male sterile line of Shan 2A such as 1356A, 32A, G3A, early 32A, 3A carry out the preparing hybrid kind.

3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that male sterile line Shan 2A and similar male sterile line thereof suitable sowing time changes sowing in winter (the Beginning of Winter is to the beginning of spring) into by (9, October) sowing in autumn.

4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that rational close planting requirement seedling table structure is father and mother's row ratio of 1: 5, every mu of female parent 2.9～3.1 ten thousand strains, male parent 0: 58～0.62 ten thousand strains.

5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method that the safe isolation technique employing time isolates and distance isolation combines.

6, method according to claim 5, the distance isolation that it is characterized in that indication are that the crop in cruciferae in production of hybrid seeds district rape and non-production of hybrid seeds district was bloomed and do not had under the situation that other barrier isolates in the same period, and the distance isolation distance is minimum to be 2000M.

7, method according to claim 5, it is rape beginning in production of hybrid seeds district during flower that the time that it is characterized in that indication isolates, the whole bow structure bundle of the crop in cruciferae in non-on every side production of hybrid seeds district.