Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, a kind of method of simple, effective propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin is proposed, with the breeder's stock of solution cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin and a large amount of breeding problems of original seed, accelerate the heterotic development and use of cabbage type rape self-incompatibillity.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for quickly breeding of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, its step is as follows:
1, a kind of method for quickly breeding of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, its step is as follows:
(1) under late August to the early September isolation condition in every year, sows cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 in the winter rape area of the Chinese middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, if strain, line-spacing are respectively 2 meters and 1 meter, cultivate the big plant type cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin of multi-branched as far as possible, flower bud a kind of sedge phase in this self incompatible line is lived each cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 individual plant with 60 purpose nylon yarn accounts, configuration honeybee supplementary pollination in the nylon yarn account; Main inflorescence bagging to this self incompatible line makes its selfing, identifies the compatibility of this self incompatible line plant;
(2) in the flowering stage of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300, the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 plant every morning under the isolation condition is sprayed 3% NaCl solution 1 time, accumulative total is sprayed 20-30 time (every day 1 time);
(3) divide individual plant to gather in the crops the seed of described self incompatible line in the maturing stage of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300, the formula of pressing index of affinity=kernal number/flower number calculates index of affinity, eliminate index of affinity greater than 2 plant, analyze the erucic acid and the sulphur glycosides content of each single-strain seed, select content of erucic acid less than 1%, sulphur glycosides content less than the seed of 30umol/g plant as breeder's stock, be kept in-20 ℃ of refrigerators standbyly, obtain the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin breeder's stock;
(4) at the next breeder's stock that continues under the isolation condition, to sow step (3) mating season, and spray 3% NaCl solution 1 time in the every morning in flowering stage of described self incompatible line, spray 20-30 time altogether, configuration honeybee supplementary pollination, results obtain going up the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin original seed of using as producing.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the invention belongs to a kind of method of propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, overcome the difficulty of traditional propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin method, it is simple to operate, and is not subjected to the weather condition effect.
2, by cultivating the many not affine plant of cabbage type rape selfing of branch amount, once just can obtain abundant breeder's stock seed, use for breeding original seed for many years, do not need the annual breeder's stock of producing, do not need the annual compatibility of checking breeder's stock yet, thereby simplified the operation of breeding, saved the time of breeding, improved the efficient of breeding greatly.
3, method of the present invention takes-20 ℃ of refrigerators to preserve the seed of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, has overcome breeder's stock and has bred the inbreeding depression that causes every year, and guaranteed the purity of breeder's stock.Avoided the assorted rape pollen in field to influence the incompatibility of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin plant.
More detailed technical scheme is seen " embodiment ".
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) (promptly late September to the early October than the Chinese middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area normal sowing time of winter rape shifts to an earlier date about 20 days to the mode of employing early sowing, be to be decided to be annual late August sowing time to early September) (S-1300 sees Ma Chaozhi etc. in the source to sow cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 under isolation canopy condition, the seed selection of the low self incompatible line of Brassica napus with double, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's journal, 1998,17 (3): 211-213).The design spacing in the rows is 2 meters, and line-spacing is 1 meter, and base fertilizer is that fertilizer mixes and stirs chemical fertilizer, amount of application is that (conventional cultivation method per hectare chemical fertilizer amount of application is: carbonic hydroammonium 300-375kg, superphosphate 225-375kg, ash 2250kg or potassium sulphate 75-150kg for 3 times of conventional cultivation method, borax 7.5kg, referring to: Yang Wenyu, Tu Naimei chief editor, each opinion of crop cultivation, Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2003,212-213), cultivate the many big plant type cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin of branch.Flower bud a kind of sedge phase (buddingging to first flower) in cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 is lived each cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 individual plant with 60 purpose nylon yarn accounts, the auxiliary pollination of configuration honeybee in the nylon yarn account; Main inflorescence is carried out bagging, make its selfing, to identify the compatibility of this self incompatible line plant;
(2) flowering stage of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 (from early flowering season of rape to the whole florescence) to being planted in the NaCl solution that cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 plant every morning under the isolation condition sprays 1 time 3%, accumulative total is sprayed 20-30 time;
(3) divide individual plant to gather in the crops the seed of described cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 in the maturing stage, (computing formula is: index of affinity=kernal number/flower number to calculate index of affinity, method is referring to Central China agricultural college crop breeding group rape scientific research group, the seed selection bulletin of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, China's oil plant, 1975, (4): 77~84), eliminate index of affinity greater than 2 plant, analyze the erucic acid of seed on each individual plant simultaneously, sulphur glycosides content, select content of erucic acid less than 1%, sulphur glycosides content as breeder's stock, is kept in-20 ℃ of refrigerators standbyly less than the seed of the plant of 30umol/g, obtains the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin breeder's stock;
(4) get the breeder's stock small quantities of seed of step (3), continuous being seeded under the isolation condition of next relaying mating season, flower bud a kind of sedge phase (buddingging to first flower) in cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 is firmly isolated canopy with 60 purpose nylon accounts, enters with the pollen that stops the outside; Spray 3% NaCl solution 1 time in the every morning in flowering stage of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 (beginning flower to flower) eventually, spray altogether 20-30 time (every day 1 time), dispose honeybee, obtain the original seed of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin with supplementary pollination.
In the present embodiment, the applicant has carried out campaign, to obtain best embodiment.
Concrete steps are as follows:
1, utilizes the test of variable concentrations NaCl solution propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin
With cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 is test material, in autumn calendar year 2001 with the isolation canopy of described S-1300 sowing in Wuhan City, Hubei Province Hua Zhong Agriculture University experimental plot, isolating canopy length is 14 meters, and wide is 3.5 meters, and middle aisle is long to be 50cm, both sides are by land for growing field crops production density planting experiment material, be line width 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, per 10 row test materials are 1 sub-district, empty 1 row between per two sub-districts, be convenient to carry out different processing, establish 10 sub-districts altogether.Spring in 2002, on the March before S-1300 is bloomed 10, firmly isolate canopy with the nylon accounts and stop outside pollen to enter the isolation canopy.In rape flowering stage (early flowering season is to the whole florescence), each sub-district that isolates canopy is implemented the bagging selfing respectively, sprays 3% NaCl solution, sprays 3% NaCl solution+honeybee supplementary pollination, sprays 4% NaCl solution+honeybee supplementary pollination, sprayed 5% NaCl solution+five kinds of processing such as honeybee supplementary pollination, and every processing repeats 2 times.When ripe, select 20 strains to investigate the flower number and the kernal number of each individual plant at random in every sub-district, (computing formula: index of affinity=kernal number/flower number) result of the test sees Table 1 to calculate index of affinity.
Table 1 shows: be planted in the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin of isolating in the canopy and adopt the plant of selfing to set seeds hardly, average index of affinity only is 0.178.Spray NaCl solution and can to a certain degree overcome the incompatibility of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, but if do not adopt the honeybee supplementary pollination, its reproductive effect is also relatively poor.Comparative test shows, and is best with the treatment effect of 3% NaCl solution+honeybee supplementary pollination.
The situation of setting seeds of table 1 variable concentrations NaCl solution and honeybee supplementary pollination propagating cabbage type rape S-1300
(representing) with index of affinity
2, utilize NaCl solution to breed different cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin tests
Autumn in 2002 was isolated canopy with cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin seed S-1300, S-1310, S-1320 sowing in the Hua Zhong Agriculture University experimental plot, isolating canopy length is 14 meters, wide 3.5 meters, highly be 2 meters, the middle long 50cm in aisle, test material line width 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, 1 sub-district of per 10 behaviors, empty 3 row between two sub-districts; Every part of test material is planted 3 sub-districts, totally 9 sub-districts.Spring in 2003, firmly isolate canopy in flower bud a kind of sedge phase with 60 purpose nylon yarn accounts and stop outside pollen to enter the isolation canopy.In cabbage type rape flowering stage (the beginning flower is to spending eventually), the above-mentioned cabbage type rape plant of sub-district plantation is implemented the bagging selfing respectively, isolates the canopy selfing, sprays 3% saline solution+three kinds of processing of artificial pollination.In the maturing stage, every sub-district selects 20 individual plants to investigate the flower number and the kernal number of each individual plant at random, calculates index of affinity (computational methods are with embodiment 1, and test effect sees Table 2).
Cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300, S-1310, the index of affinity of S-1320 under the condition of bagging selfing are respectively 0.08,0.33 and 0.55, and wherein S-1300 is minimum.In this test, the index of affinity of 3 cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin under bagging selfing and natural selfing situation all<2 significantly is lower than after the process NaCl solution-treated and the index of affinity of honeybee supplementary pollination.The index of affinity that cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 is sprayed 3% NaCl solution+honeybee supplementary pollination is 7.03, and the index of affinity 0.88 of more natural selfing (contrast) has improved 6.99 times; S-1310 and S-1320 spray that the index of affinity of artificial pollination is respectively 6.49 and 5.84 behind the 3% NaCl solution, and the index of affinity 0.15,0.35 of contrast has improved 42.26 times and 15.68 times respectively.Illustrate that spraying NaCl solution is very significant to the effect of the self-incompatibillity that overcomes cabbage type rape.The NaCl solution that sprays same concentrations adds the honeybee supplementary pollination, and there is certain difference in the index of affinity between 3 cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin, but difference is not remarkable.
3 cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin of table 2 are the setting seeds property test (2002-2003) under the different disposal in isolating canopy
2003-2004 repeats above-mentioned test, similar (table 3) of result of the test and 2002-2003.
3 cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin of table 3 are the setting seeds property test (2003-2004) under the different disposal in isolating canopy
Index of affinity=the kernal number of selfing/flower number
Illustrate: cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300, S-1310, the source of S-1320 is referring to (Ma Chaozhi etc., the seed selection of the low self incompatible line of Brassica napus with double, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's journal, 1998,17 (3): 211-213)
3, difference sprays the frequency propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin
Autumn in 2003 was isolated canopy with self incompatible line S-1300 sowing in the Hua Zhong Agriculture University experimental plot, isolated the long 14m of canopy, wide 3.5m, and the centre is the aisle of 50cm; Test material line width 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, 1 sub-district of per 10 behaviors, two cell null, 3 row; Every part of test material is planted 3 sub-districts, totally 9 sub-districts.Spring in 2004, firmly isolate canopy with 60 purpose nylon accounts and stop outside pollen to enter the isolation canopy; Spring in 2004 in rape flowering stage (beginning flower to flower) eventually, use 3% NaCl solution equally, the borax soln of having used NaCl solution+0.3% during some is handled is simultaneously sprayed and is bred S-1300; In the maturing stage, every sub-district selects 20 strains to investigate the flower number and the kernal number of each individual plant at random, calculates index of affinity (table 4).
The setting seeds property test (2003-2004) of table 4 cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 under different disposal
Four kinds spray mode (3% NaCl solution+artificial pollination, 1 time/1d, 3% NaCl solution+artificial pollination, 1 time/2d, 3% NaCl solution add 0.3% borax+artificial pollination, 1 time/2d and 3% NaCl solution, 1 time/index of affinity 2d) is all apparently higher than contrast, and contrast has improved 29.45 times, 23.11 times, 18.51 times and 29.94 times respectively.But The results of analysis of variance shows, there was no significant difference between the index of affinity of four processing.Multiple range test (as table 4) to the single plant yield of five kinds of processing shows, in four kinds of processing of spray NaCl solution, NaCl solution with 3% spray in day single plant yield once is for the highest, the single plant yield of contrast has utmost point significant difference with it, there were significant differences for the single plant yield of other three processing and its.The result who analyzes shows, whether with supplementary pollination has certain influence to the single plant yield of cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin to the frequency that sprays NaCl solution.NaCl solution of spray in a day is more with the individual plant angle fruit number and the kernal number that carry out the supplementary pollination processing, easily obtains higher single plant yield.
4, the big not cultivation of affine plant of plant type cabbage type rape selfing
The mode that adopted early sowing in autumn in 2003 is (than about 20 days in advance late September to the early October of Chinese middle and lower reach of Yangtze River area normal sowing time of winter rape,) sowing cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 (sees document: Ma Chaozhi etc. under isolation canopy condition, the seed selection of the low self incompatible line of Brassica napus with double, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's journal, 1998,17 (3): 211-213), about 2 meters of control spacing in the rows, line-spacing is 1 meter, base fertilizer is that fertilizer mixes and stirs chemical fertilizer, amount of application is that (conventional cultivation method per hectare chemical fertilizer amount of application is: carbonic hydroammonium 300-375kg, superphosphate 225-375kg, ash 2250kg or potassium sulphate 75-150kg for 3 times of conventional cultivation method, borax 7.5kg, referring to: Yang Wenyu, Tu Naimei chief editor, each opinion of crop cultivation, Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2003,212-213), cultivate the big plant type cabbage type rape of multi-branched.
2004-2005 repeats the not cultivation of affine plant of big plant type cabbage type rape selfing.
5, the not affine breeder's stock of propagating cabbage type rape selfing
Live each cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 individual plant in cabbage type rape flower bud a kind of sedge phase (buddingging to first flower) with 60 purpose nylon yarn accounts, make between its individual plant, reach and other type rape isolation, the configuration honeybee is auxiliary in the nylon yarn account pollinates; Main inflorescence is carried out bagging, make its selfing, to identify the compatibility of plant;
The rape florescence sprays 3% NaCl solution and disposes honeybee with supplementary pollination in the nylon yarn account, simultaneously, main inflorescence is carried out bagging handle, and makes its selfing, to identify the compatibility of plant.Maturing stage is investigated the index of affinity of each plant, eliminates index of affinity greater than 2 plant, divides individual plant results index of affinity less than 2 plant seed.
Whether in order to check NaCl solution the compatibility of the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 breeder's stock of breeding to be exerted an influence, we had investigated the S-1300 offspring's of NaCl solution breeding compatibility (table 5) in 2004.The cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin S-1300 of NaCl solution breeding has still kept strong and stable self-incompatibillity, the index of affinity of 3 individual plants that pick out at random is respectively 0.36,0.23 and 0.38, illustrates with the incompatibility of NaCl solution propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin to cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin itself not exert an influence.
Table 5 NaCl solution breeding S-1300 offspring's index of affinity (2003-2004)
6, breeder's stock and preservation thereof
The quality of analytical procedure (5) plant seed (erucic acid, sulphur glycosides), every plant repeat 3 times and average.Select content of erucic acid less than 1%, sulphur glycosides content as breeder's stock, is kept in-20 ℃ of refrigerators standby less than the plant seed of 30umol/g.
7, NaCl solution propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin original seed
Get the small quantities of seed of step (6) breeder's stock, booth is isolated in sowing in the field.In flowering stage, spray 3%NaCl solution and come propagating cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin with supplementary pollination with the configuration honeybee, plant can normally be set seeds.
Gather in the crops this seed, be used for the not affine hybrid seed production of selfing as the cabbage type rape of self incompatible lin original seed.0.5 the not affine breeder's stock seed of jin cabbage type rape selfing can be planted 1 mu of ground, the not affine original seed of results 150-200 jin selfing is used for 750-1000 mu production of hybrid seeds ground, obtains 75,000-100, and 000 jin of not affine crossbreed of selfing is for ten thousand mu of field plantings of 20-30.