CN111436365B - Cultivation method of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line - Google Patents
Cultivation method of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line Download PDFInfo
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- CN111436365B CN111436365B CN202010219664.2A CN202010219664A CN111436365B CN 111436365 B CN111436365 B CN 111436365B CN 202010219664 A CN202010219664 A CN 202010219664A CN 111436365 B CN111436365 B CN 111436365B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation, and discloses a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: hybridization to obtain F 1 Substituted, and F 1 Backcrossing the generation and female parent to obtain BC 1 F 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the BC will be added 1 F 1 Directly seeding seeds, and performing microscopic examination; planting the harvested rice, and hybridizing the seeds with the female parent to obtain F 1 Substitution; the harvested seeds are directly sown and subjected to microscopic examination; planting the harvested rice piles, and hybridizing seeds with the female parent to obtain an F1 generation; directly seeding the harvested seeds in a drought manner, and carrying out microscopic examination; transplanting the harvested seeds directly; the invention obtains F by hybridization of drought-resistant upland rice germplasm and rice two-line sterile line (S) with excellent properties 1 A hybrid; backcrossing with dry rice germplasm for one time to obtain BC 1 F 1 Selfing once again; and then, through secondary alternate backcrossing, cross drought resistance screening and identification are carried out through mountain lands (without plough layers) and paddy fields (with plough layers), and the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line with excellent comprehensive characters and good drought resistance is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation, in particular to a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method.
Background
The method has the advantages of developing resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, cultivating water-saving drought-resistant rice is a great demand for relieving the crisis of water resources, guaranteeing grain safety, ecological safety and food safety and guaranteeing sustainable development of agriculture, and is a great demand for economic stability and social harmonious development.
The grain safety is related to national safety, people take food as a day, and the grain is always the basis of economic development, social stability and national self-standing. The country has long given high attention to grain problems. Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, has a great effect on grain safety in China historically, but in recent years, the average yield of rice in China is always loitered up and down to 415 kg per mu, and drought and water shortage are one of the important causes of yield reduction.
The high-yield rice bred in recent years is difficult to exert the yield-increasing potential, and the main reason is drought. The frequent occurrence of drought in the last 5 years leads to the average annual grain disaster area of 0.52 hundred million hectares in China and the grain loss of more than 600 hundred million kg. According to the prediction of meteorological experts, china is in a period of remarkably increasing the drought frequency in a large range by 2050.
The agricultural water in China accounts for 70% of the total water consumption, and the rice production water accounts for more than 70% of the agricultural water consumption; the excessive dependence of rice on water forms the habit of retaining a water layer in the current rice planting field, so that a large amount of greenhouse gas is discharged, the methane discharge amount of the rice field is reported to be 19.73 percent of the methane discharge source in China, and excessive applied fertilizers, pesticides and the like flow into rivers and lakes along with excessive irrigation water or infiltrate into underground water, thereby causing eutrophication of the rivers and lakes, or soil salinization and fertility reduction of an irrigation rice area and the like due to serial irrigation. Scientists propose an effective solution to realize rice drought-resistant rice varieties, and the rice drought-resistant rice varieties are urgently needed.
In conclusion, the cultivation of the new water-saving drought-resistant rice variety with high quality and high yield is an important national demand for developing water-saving agriculture, environment-friendly agriculture, relieving water resource shortage and guaranteeing grain safety and ecological safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the prior defects and provide a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line, which obtains F by hybridizing drought-resistant rice germplasm with rice two-line sterile line (S) with excellent properties 1 A hybrid; backcrossing with dry rice germplasm for one time to obtain BC 1 F 1 Substitute and self-carryCrossing once; and then through secondary alternate backcrossing, cross drought resistance screening and identification are carried out through mountain lands (without plough layers) and paddy fields (with plough layers), so that the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line with excellent comprehensive properties and good drought resistance is obtained, and the problems in the background technology can be effectively solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: hybridization to obtain F 1 Substituted, and F 1 Backcrossing the generation and female parent to obtain BC 1 F 1 ；
S2: BC will be added 1 F 1 Directly seeding seeds, and performing microscopic examination;
s3: planting the rice piles harvested in the step S2, and hybridizing seeds with female parent to obtain F 1 Substitution;
s4: directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step S3, and performing microscopic examination;
s5: planting the rice piles harvested in the step S4, and hybridizing seeds with female parent to obtain F1 generation;
s6: directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step S5 in a drought manner, and carrying out microscopic examination;
s7: directly seeding, transplanting and planting the seeds harvested in the step S6;
s8: carrying out dry direct seeding on the seeds harvested in the step S7, and carrying out microscopic examination;
s9: planting and transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S8;
s10: carrying out dry direct seeding on the seeds harvested in the step S9;
s11: transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S10;
s12: the seeds harvested in S11 are propagated.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes:
selecting drought-resistant rice germplasm and rice two-line sterility with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F 1 Substituted by F 1 Backcrossing dry rice germplasm as male parent and female parent once, and collecting BC 1 F 1 Selfing seedsAnd more than 2000 grains.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes:
and (3) carrying out dry direct seeding on the selfing seeds harvested in the step (S1) in mountain lands, and not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and good agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when the plants are heading, and selecting single plants without normal pollen and thorough abortion for cutting pocket regeneration.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes:
taking the rice piles harvested in the S2 to a Hainan paddy field for planting, and hybridizing with the rice piles as male parents and drought-resistant upland rice germplasm as female parents when the rice piles are heading and flowering to obtain F 1 And (3) replacing, and collecting more than 10000 selfing seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes:
and (3) carrying out dry direct seeding on the selfing seeds harvested in the step (S3) in mountain lands, and not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and good agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when the plants are heading, and selecting single plants without normal pollen and thorough abortion for cutting pocket regeneration.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S5 includes:
taking the rice piles harvested in the step S4 to a Hainan paddy field for planting, and hybridizing with the rice piles as male parents and drought-resistant upland rice germplasm as female parents when the rice piles are heading and flowering to obtain F 1 And (3) replacing, and collecting more than 10000 selfing seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S6 includes:
and (3) directly seeding the selfed seeds harvested in S5 on the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the selfed seeds when heading, selecting a single plant with no normal pollen and thorough abortion, cutting bags for regeneration, and bagging to collect the selfed seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S7 includes:
planting the selfed seeds harvested in the step S6 in Hainan fine paddy field blocks for transplanting, when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the lines with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfed seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S8 includes:
and (3) directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step (S7) on the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are heading, selecting plant cutting pockets which have no normal pollen and thorough abortion and have excellent agronomic characters for regeneration, and bagging, mixing and harvesting the selfed seeds.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S9 includes:
planting the selfed seeds harvested in the step S8 in Hainan fine paddy field blocks for transplanting, when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfed seeds;
the step S10 includes:
directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step S9 on the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when heading, selecting single plants without normal pollen, thorough abortion and excellent agronomic characters for cutting pocket regeneration, and bagging the single plants to collect selfed seeds;
the step S11 includes:
transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S10 in Hainan fine paddy field blocks, when the seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, bagging the strain with strong drought resistance, excellent agronomic characters and stable group consistency, and collecting selfing seeds;
step S12 includes:
and (3) expanding propagation is carried out on a large number of bagging selfed seeds harvested in the step (S11) according to the propagation flow of the stock seeds of the sterile line of the two lines, and the seeds are used for the cultivation practice of the water-saving drought-resistant two-line hybrid rice.
One or more technical schemes provided by the invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
1. f is obtained by hybridization of drought-resistant upland rice germplasm and rice two-line sterile line (S) with excellent properties 1 A hybrid; backcrossing with dry rice germplasm for one time to obtain BC 1 F 1 Selfing once again; and then, through secondary alternate backcrossing, cross drought resistance screening and identification are carried out through mountain lands (without plough layers) and paddy fields (with plough layers), and the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line with excellent comprehensive characters and good drought resistance is obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1, the method for cultivating the water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting drought-resistant rice germplasm and rice two-line sterility (S) with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F 1 Substituted by F 1 Backcrossing dry rice germplasm as male parent and female parent once, and collecting BC 1 F 1 More than 2000 selfing seeds;
(2) Directly seeding the selfed seeds harvested in the step (1) on a mountain land (without a plough layer), and not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and good agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when the plants are heading, and selecting single plants without normal pollen and thorough abortion for cutting pocket regeneration;
(3) Taking the rice piles harvested in the step (2) to a Hainan paddy field for planting, and hybridizing with the rice piles as male parents and drought-resistant upland rice germplasm as female parents when the rice piles are heading and flowering to obtain F 1 Instead of that, more than 10000 selfing seeds are collected;
(4) Directly seeding the selfed seeds harvested in the step (3) on a mountain land (without a plough layer), and not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and good agronomic characters, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when the plants are heading, and selecting single plants without normal pollen and thorough abortion for cutting pocket regeneration;
(5) Taking the rice piles harvested in the step (4) to a Hainan paddy field for planting, and hybridizing with the rice piles as male parents and drought-resistant upland rice germplasm as female parents when the rice piles are heading and flowering to obtain F 1 Instead of that, more than 10000 selfing seeds are collected;
(6) Directly seeding the self-bred seeds harvested in step (5) on the mountain land (without a plough layer), and not manually irrigating water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the self-bred seeds when the self-bred seeds are in heading, selecting single plant cutting bags without normal pollen and thorough abortion for regeneration, and bagging to collect the self-bred seeds;
(7) Planting the selfed seeds harvested in the step (6) in a Hainan excellent paddy field block (with a plough layer) for transplanting, when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, selecting a single plant with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfed seeds;
(8) Directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step (7) on the mountain land (without a plough layer), and not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are in heading, selecting plant cutting pockets which have no normal pollen, complete abortion and excellent agronomic characters for regeneration, and bagging, mixing and harvesting the selfed seeds;
(9) Planting the selfed seeds harvested in the step (8) in a Hainan excellent paddy field block (with a plough layer) for transplanting, when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating a plant line with poor drought resistance, selecting a single plant bag with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, and collecting the selfed seeds;
(10) Directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step (9) on the mountain land (without a plough layer), and not carrying out artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers of the seeds when the seeds are in heading, selecting single plant cutting pockets which have no normal pollen, complete abortion and excellent agronomic characters for regeneration, and bagging the single plant cutting pockets to collect selfed seeds;
(11) Transplanting the seeds harvested in the step (10) in a Hainan excellent paddy field block (with a plow layer), stopping water and drought stress when the seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, selecting a strain with strong drought resistance, excellent agronomic characters and stable group consistency, bagging, and collecting selfed seeds;
(12) Propagating the seeds harvested in (11);
(12) And (3) expanding propagation of a large number of bagging selfed seeds harvested in the step (11) according to the propagation flow of the stock seeds of the two-line sterile line, and using the seeds in the cultivation practice of the water-saving drought-resistant two-line hybrid rice.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating a water-saving drought-resistant rice two-line sterile line is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of selecting dry rice germplasm with strong drought resistance and a rice two-line sterile line with excellent characteristics for hybridization to obtain F1 generation, backcrossing once by taking the F1 as a male parent and the dry rice germplasm as a female parent, and collecting more than 2000 BC1F1 selfing seeds;
s2: the selfing seeds harvested in the step S1 are subjected to dry direct seeding in mountain lands, no artificial irrigation water is carried out in the whole growth period, so that high-strength drought stress screening is achieved, single plants with good drought resistance and good agronomic characteristics are selected, anthers of the single plants are subjected to microscopic examination when the single plants are heading, and single plant cutting pockets without normal pollen and thorough abortion are selected for regeneration;
s3: taking the rice piles harvested in the step S2 to a Hainan paddy field for planting, hybridizing with the rice piles as male parents and drought-resistant upland rice seeds as female parents when the rice piles are in heading and flowering, obtaining F1 generation, and collecting more than 10000 selfed seeds;
s4: directly seeding the selfed seeds harvested in the step S3 on the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, selecting single plants with good drought resistance and good agronomic characters, performing microscopic examination on anthers when the plants are heading, and selecting single plants without normal pollen and thorough abortion for cutting pocket regeneration;
s5: taking the rice piles harvested in the step S4 to a Hainan paddy field for planting, hybridizing with the rice piles as male parents and drought-resistant upland rice seeds as female parents when the rice piles are in heading and flowering, obtaining F1 generation, and collecting more than 10000 selfed seeds;
s6: directly seeding the selfed seeds harvested in the step S5 in the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period, so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when heading, selecting single plant cutting bags without normal pollen and thorough abortion for regeneration, and bagging to collect the selfed seeds;
s7: planting the selfed seeds harvested in the step S6 in Hainan fine paddy field blocks for transplanting, when the plants grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the lines with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfed seeds;
s8: directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step S7 on the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when heading, selecting plant cutting pockets which have no normal pollen, thorough abortion and excellent agronomic characters for regeneration, and bagging, mixing and harvesting the selfed seeds;
s9: planting the selfed seeds harvested in the step S8 in Hainan fine paddy field blocks for transplanting, when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, selecting single plants with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic characters, bagging and collecting the selfed seeds;
s10: directly seeding the seeds harvested in the step S9 on the mountain land without artificial irrigation water in the whole growth period so as to achieve high-strength drought stress screening, carrying out microscopic examination on anthers when heading, selecting single plants without normal pollen, thorough abortion and excellent agronomic characters for cutting pocket regeneration, and bagging the single plants to collect selfed seeds;
s11: transplanting the seeds harvested in the step S10 in Hainan fine paddy field blocks, when the seeds grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, cutting off water and drought stress, eliminating the strain with poor drought resistance, bagging the strain with strong drought resistance, excellent agronomic characters and stable group consistency, and collecting selfing seeds;
s12: and (3) expanding propagation is carried out on a large number of bagging selfed seeds harvested in the step (S11) according to the propagation flow of the stock seeds of the two-line sterile line, and the seeds are used for the cultivation practice of the water-saving drought-resistant two-line hybrid rice.
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| CN104335890A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-11 | 王士梅 | Cultivation method of two-line hybrid water-saving and drought-resistant rice |
| CN105475121A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-04-13 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Breeding method for high-temperature-resistant and disease-resistant rice two-line sterile line |
| CN108739363A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | A kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material |
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| CN104335890A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-02-11 | 王士梅 | Cultivation method of two-line hybrid water-saving and drought-resistant rice |
| CN104137765A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-12 | 福建农林大学 | Breeding method of high-stress resistance elongated upper internode two-line genic male sterile line |
| CN105475121A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-04-13 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Breeding method for high-temperature-resistant and disease-resistant rice two-line sterile line |
| CN108739363A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | A kind of method of efficient selection and breeding drought resisting high-yield rice breeding material |
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