CN110419439B - Double-clone hybrid variety breeding method of tea trees based on Obelia and Baihaao - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding double-clone hybrid varieties of tea trees based on Obelia and Beelia, which selects two varieties of Obelia and Obelia to arrange a double-clone hybrid seed collection garden according to the principle of high yield, early growth, high quality and strong stress resistance and the principle of parent character complementation. The male parent Baihaao is a national-grade improved variety (GS13017-1994), and the female parent Obelia is an introduced Japanese tea-industry current-family variety. Double-row double-plant alternate-row planting of Baihao early and Obelia in 1.5m × 0.33m, collecting seeds in the fourth year, sowing and raising seedlings. Through variety comparison tests and regional tests, the double-clone hybrid variety of the tea tree, which has strong adaptability, high yield and high quality and is suitable for popularization in northern and alpine tea regions, is Obelia and is early. The variety has the advantages of middle-growing, few hairs, strong adaptability, high yield and strong tenderness, is suitable for preparing famous green tea and is not easy to be infected by anthracnose.

Description

Double-clone hybrid variety breeding method of tea trees based on Obelia and Baihaao

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of tea tree crossbreeding, and particularly relates to a double-clone tea tree crossbreeding method based on Obelia and Solana pekoe.

Background

Heterosis is a general rule in the biological world, and has been widely applied to agricultural production. There are two ways to utilize the heterosis of tea plant: one approach is to select clone improved varieties by a method of combining hybridization, selection and asexual propagation, and all tea producing countries in the world basically select and popularize the asexual improved varieties at present; another approach is to use the double-clone hybrid seeds directly for production. As the second large-yield tea country, India is promoted to produce and popularize 30 clone varieties and also promoted to apply 24 double clone combinations in production due to the strong stress resistance of double clone hybrid varieties.

By 2015, 134 improved national varieties of clonal tea tree new varieties and 213 improved provincial clonal varieties of tea trees are bred in China. The speed of promoting the clone improved variety of tea trees is higher, which reaches more than 30 percent at present, and meanwhile, the understanding is inconsistent. From the dialectical point of view, the characteristics of the clone varieties are consistent among individuals, thereby being beneficial to the intensive production of famous tea; the roots of the local population variety tea seeds are deeply tied, barren-resistant, drought-resistant and cold-resistant, but the difference among tea tree individuals brings trouble to the life management of the tea garden. The utilization of double-clone hybrid seed varieties integrates the advantages of the two varieties and overcomes the defects of the two varieties, so that tea tree breeding workers such as courtyards, Liu ancestors, Chen-propan-rings, Donglian, Tangmingxi and the like pay attention to the breeding of the double-clone varieties in China. This work was done in the sixties to eighties of the last century of the keemun tea department of anhui, but since tea trees are perennial crops, the work difficulty is large, the time span is long, and the personnel change is large, a specific double-clone hybrid variety of tea tree varieties has not been developed up to now.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding a double-sterile line hybrid variety of tea trees based on Ielia and Ipomoea, which aims at solving the problems of seed production and breeding of the double-sterile line hybrid variety of the Ielia and the Ipomoea by breeding the Ielia as a female parent and the Ipomoea as a male parent and carrying out elaborate breeding according to the characteristics of the hybrid variety, thereby obtaining the hybrid tea tree variety with good resistance and good growth vigor, accelerating the growth speed of the double-sterile line hybrid variety of the tea trees, improving the survival rate and the maturing rate of the hybrid variety seeds and successfully obtaining the tea tree variety with the potential of processing famous green tea.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention also provides a method for breeding double-clone hybrid varieties of tea trees based on Obelia x Baihaao, which comprises the following steps:

1) parental selection and combinatorial matching

In the parent group, the north of Obelia is selected as a female parent, and the early of pekoe is selected as a male parent;

2) establishment of seed collecting garden

The method comprises the following steps of turning a seed collection garden deeply by 50cm comprehensively, applying base fertilizer in planting furrows, designing the planting specification of the seed collection garden to be single-row double-plant strip planting of the clone variety of the northern Obelia at pekoe, wherein the row spacing is 1.5m, the root spacing is 0.33m, each mu is 1100-1500 roots, two varieties are planted in an interlaced manner, the seed collection garden adopts natural isolation, and the distance between the hybrid seed collection garden and a third variety is more than 500m so as to prevent powder crossing;

3) shaping, pruning and picking of seed picking garden

Regularly shaping, pruning and picking;

4) fertilizing

Re-applying the base fertilizer once a year, wherein the fertilizing time is within a half month to a month after the harvest of the autumn tea seeds;

5) seed harvesting

Harvesting seeds from the hybrid of Obelia by Australia in 7 days before and after Frost every year from Obelia in 4 th year;

6) transplanting tea garden seeding and seedling raising

Winter sowing is carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and in tea areas in the south of the Yangtze river, the winter sowing time is 11-12 months, spring sowing is carried out in the northern tea areas or the high mountain tea areas, and the spring sowing time is carried out in 3-4 months in the 2 nd year; investigating the rate of emergence and the growth vigor of the tea seedlings at full age, and preparing for transplanting after roguing and impurity removal;

7) breeding and transplanting

The row spacing of transplanted tea trees is planted according to a single row of two plants of 1.5m multiplied by 0.33m, and compared and identified with the national grade control variety Fuding white tea and the parent product variety, the double clonal hybrid variety of tea tree, Obeli multiplied by pekoe is bred.

Further, the shaping, trimming and picking of the seed picking garden in the step 3) specifically comprises: the height of 3 times of shaping and pruning in 1-3 years of a seed picking garden is 15cm, 30cm and 45cm, topping and picking are carried out in spring seasons from the 3 rd year, 1-2 batches of high-quality tea with one bud, one leaf and two leaves are picked from the first round of tea leaves in the 4 th year, leaf clamping and summer tea are reserved at the end of the spring seasons for cutting and bud breeding, and autumn tea is not picked.

Further, the fertilization in the step 4) further comprises: the fertilizer application is compound fertilizer and cake fertilizer, more than 100kg of compound fertilizer and more than 100-150 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu per year, the compound fertilizer requires N, P, K proportion of 1:1:1, total nutrient is more than or equal to 48%, urea is not applied, and topdressing is carried out.

Further, seeds are treated by a seed soaking method before winter sowing in the step 6), wherein the seed soaking method comprises the following steps: soaking tea seeds in 3% carbendazim solution before sowing, changing the soaking solution once a day, fishing out the seeds sinking to the bottom of the container for sowing after 3-4 days, and sowing the seeds floating on the water surface after soaking for 2-3 days, wherein the seeds floating on the surface are not used.

Further, in the winter sowing in the step 6), single-seed drill seedling is adopted, and the row spacing is (8-10) cm multiplied by 3 cm.

Further, the spring sowing in the step 6) adopts a sand storage method for direct seed sowing, so that a direct-sowing tea garden is formed, the spring sowing time is 3-4 months, each mu of land is 1100-1500 roots, each root is sown with 4-6 seeds, and each mu of land needs 10-15 kg of seeds.

Further, the transplanting tea garden seeding and seedling raising of the step 6) further comprises nursery fertilization and cultivation management, wherein the nursery fertilization and cultivation management mainly comprises base fertilizer application, and cake fertilizer is applied to the land per mu by more than 250 kg.

The invention carries out the breeding work of the double-clone hybrid variety of the tea tree of Obelia Baihaao through seven aspects of parent selection and combined matching, establishment of a seed collecting garden, shaped trimming and picking of the seed collecting garden, fertilization, seed collection, transplanting of the tea garden for seeding and seedling raising, breeding and transplanting and the like, and specifically improves the aspects of parent selection and combined matching, seeding and seedling raising (such as specific arrangement of spring sowing and winter sowing) of the tea garden for transplanting, breeding and transplanting, thereby effectively solving the problems of seed production and breeding of the double-clone hybrid variety of the tea tree of Obelia Baihaao, obtaining the hybrid tea tree variety with good resistance and good growth vigor, accelerating the growth speed of the double-clone hybrid variety of the tea tree and improving the survival rate and the maturing rate of the hybrid variety seed, and successfully obtaining the tea tree variety with the potential of processing of famous green tea, compared with the double-clone hybrid variety of the tea tree of Baihaao Xielibei, which is taken as the female parent in Baihaao, the variety has the advantages of growing, little hair, strong adaptability, high yield, strong tenderness, suitability for preparing famous green tea, difficult anthracnose infection, suitability for planting in a cold northern tea area or a high camellia area, and more suitability for planting in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river and in the southern tea area.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a double clonal hybrid of tea plant based on Obelia x by Melanoearly in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the sensory evaluation results of a double clone hybrid of tea plant based on Obelia x Baihaao in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of a leaf entity of a double clonal hybrid of Camellia sinensis based on Obelia x Baihaao in the present invention.

Detailed Description

While the invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, which are capable of embodiments in many different forms than those described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that similar modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the embodiments disclosed below.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

In order to obtain more double-clone hybrid seeds of tea trees (hereinafter, double-clone seeds for short) in a unit area, the method for breeding the double-clone hybrid seeds of tea trees based on the principle of Obelia and the principle of Baihaao specifically comprises the following steps:

1. parental selection and combinatorial matching

The key of success or failure of cross breeding is parent selection, which requires distant parent relationship and complementation in main target characters.

1.1 study of parent genetic relationship

In the research of the invention, 84 parts of special resources with specific characters and conforming to the high-quality tea making are selected from more than 300 parts of collected resources, and 33 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers are utilized to carry out cluster analysis on the genetic relationship and genetic similarity of the polymorphic SSR primers. As a result, the inter-species similarity coefficient was 0.27 to 0.82, and the average was 0.54. And dividing the tested variety into 6 subcategories by taking the average similarity coefficient as a base line. The present invention selects parents that are not considered within the same subgroup. Pekoe belongs to subgroup iii, obey belongs to subgroup vi, and the similarity coefficient is 0.56; the similarity coefficient of Blacka and Obelia is lower, and belongs to two parents with longer genetic distance.

1.2 Breeding target trait complementation

The breeding target of the invention is early growth, high quality, high yield and strong stress resistance. In the invention, the Obelian is selected as the female parent and the Baihaao is selected as the male parent. The Baihaao as the male parent is a national-grade fine variety (GS13017-1994), and is characterized by extremely early spring germination, extremely large amount of fuzz, tight and thin strip of high-grade famous and high-quality green tea, full fuzz cape, tender and refreshing fragrance, and strong cold and anthracnose resistance. The Obelian as a female parent is a Japanese green tea variety, and the steamed celadon tea has excellent quality, characteristics of three green (liquor color, appearance and leaf bottom), high yield and strong tenderness; but is a middle-sized seed, has little fuzz and is susceptible to anthracnose.

1.3 parent flowering and fruiting trait

In 2009 + 2012, the blooming period is observed continuously for 4 years in the Changsha area, and the prime blooming period is from 10 to 11 in the middle and late of the month; the most productive period of flowering in Obelia is from the first 10 to the middle and the last 11 months, and the most productive period is identical, which is the premise of smooth and natural hybridization between the two.

In 2010-2011, artificial hybridization was carried out in 2 consecutive years using Baihao early, Obelia as parent, and the fruit set rate is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 double asexual hybrid of tea plant Obelibei x pekoe early maturing Rate

As can be seen from Table 1, the variety has a high fruit set, an average fruit set of 29.60% in two years, a strong combined affinity, and a higher fruit set than that of the hybrid of Obelia longissima of backcross, which inherits the high yield and high fruit set of the female parent Obelia longissima.

2. Establishment of seed collecting garden

The seed collecting garden is fully and deeply turned for 50cm, the planting ditches are fertilized with base fertilizer, more than 250kg of cake fertilizer or more than 500kg of organic fertilizer is fertilized per mu, and in addition, more than 100kg of compound fertilizer is fertilized.

The planting specification of the seed collection garden is that the single-row double-plant strip planting of the north-bealei and early pekoe clone varieties is designed, the row spacing is 1.5m, the root spacing is 0.33m, 1300 roots per mu (1100-1500 roots per mu) are planted in an interlaced mode, the seed collection garden adopts natural isolation, and the distance between the hybrid seed collection garden and the third variety is more than 500m so as to prevent the powder from crossing.

3. Shaping, pruning and picking of seed picking garden

The three-time shaping pruning height of the seed picking garden in 1-3 years is 15cm, 30cm and 45cm, the top pruning and picking are carried out in spring from the third year, 1-2 batches of high-quality tea with one bud, one leaf and two leaves are picked from the first round of tea leaves in the fourth year, leaf clamping and summer tea are reserved at the end of the spring storage season, cutting slips and flower buds are bred, and the autumn tea leaves are not picked as much as possible for improving the cutting slip yield and the seed reserving garden maturing rate.

4. Fertilizing

And (4) re-applying the base fertilizer once a year, wherein the fertilizing time is within a half month to a month after the harvest of the autumn tea seeds. The fertilizer application type is mainly compound fertilizer and cake fertilizer, wherein more than 100kg of compound fertilizer and more than 100-150 kg of cake fertilizer such as rapeseed cakes are applied per mu per year. The compound fertilizer requires N, P, K proportion to be 1:1:1, total nutrient to be more than or equal to 48 percent, no urea is applied, and additional fertilizer is applied.

5. Seed harvesting

Seeds were harvested from the hybrid of Obelia by Pegania at 7 days before and after Frost every year.

Specifically, the seed tea garden begins to fruit in the fourth year, and the fruit setting amount gradually increases after the fifth year. The mature tea trees are fruited for years and years, the seed yield is about 50g per root, more than a little in the years and less in the young years. If the number of the seeds is 1300 roots per mu, the number of the seeds harvested per mu is more than 71kg, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 yield of double-clone hybrid Obelia x Baihao early seed

6. Transplanting tea garden seeding and seedling raising

6.1 sowing time and seed storage

The collected double-clone seeds are spread in a cool room to prevent sun drying and dryness. For seeds of a hybrid variety of Obelia longissima by Baihaao, the invention finds that winter sowing is suitable after seed soaking in tea areas at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river and in south of Yangtze river, and the specific time is from 11 months to 12 months; spring sowing is preferably carried out in northern tea areas or mountain tea areas by adopting a sand storage method, and the specific time is 3-4 months in the second year. The tea seeds sowed in spring are stored in plastic containers by adopting fine sand for moisturizing.

6.2 sowing method

The method specifically comprises the following steps of carrying out winter sowing in tea areas at the middle and lower reaches and in the south of Yangtze river: soaking tea seeds in 3% carbendazim solution before sowing, changing the soaking solution once a day, fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom of the container for sowing after 3-4 days, and sowing the seeds by using the sinking seeds after the tea seeds float on the water surface and are soaked for 2-3 days, wherein the seeds floating on the surface are not used.

In addition, single-seed drill seedling is adopted, and the row spacing is (8-10) cm multiplied by 3 cm. The row is drawn by a row drawing device, then seeds are dibbled in the sowing trenches with the depth of 2cm, sandy soil is adopted to cover the sowing trenches for 2-3 cm, and a layer of straw is paved on the sowed ridge surface to the extent that mud cannot be seen, so that the thickness is not too large; then the mixture is thoroughly poured by water and covered by a mulching film. And in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, when the temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, the tea seeds germinate, and the mulching film is uncovered when the seedling stage begins.

6.3 rate of emergence and percentage of seedlings

And (4) continuously sprouting the tea seeds in the middle and last ten days of 4 months until the tea seeds are basically aligned at the bottom of 5 months, investigating the number of seedlings, and calculating the rate of emergence. When the terminal bud of the tea seedling forms a resident bud in 11 months of the year, the number of the tea seedlings with the height of 20cm at the full age is investigated, the seedling rate is calculated, and the growth vigor of the tea seedlings is known. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Obelia longissima of double clone variety Obelia x Boehmeria early seed emergence rate and seedling establishment rate

Variety of (IV) C	Rate of emergence (%)	Percent seedling rate (%)
			Obelian × Baihaao	89.0	66.7
Obelian north	71.0	53.3
			Fuding white tea	81.0	60.3

6.4 cultivation, management and outplanting of Nursery

The nursery fertilization management is mainly based on base fertilizer, and more than 250kg of cake fertilizer is applied to each mu of land to promote the growth of root systems. Because the quality of the tea seedlings out of the nursery is regarded as important, the impurities and the inferior are removed before the tea seedlings out of the nursery. Firstly, the plants grow robustly and have the plant height of more than 20 cm. And secondly, removing the single plants with inconsistent bud and leaf colors, leaf shapes and other characters. Thus, the consistency of the phenotypic characters of the tea trees in the tea garden can be ensured.

6.5 sowing and management of direct-seeding tea garden

Particularly, spring sowing is generally adopted in northern tea areas and high mountain tea areas, and seed direct sowing is generally carried out in spring sowing, so that a direct-sowing tea garden is formed, and the spring sowing is 3-4 months. 1300 roots per mu of land are sown, 4-6 seeds are sown in each root, and 10-15 kg of seeds are needed in each mu of land.

7. Breeding and transplanting

The row spacing of transplanted tea trees is planted according to a single row of two plants of 1.5m multiplied by 0.33m, and compared and identified with the national grade control variety Fuding white tea and the parent product variety, the double clonal hybrid variety of tea tree, Obeli multiplied by pekoe is bred.

8. Survey and analysis of key feature characteristics

Obelian Bei is multiplied by Baihaao to be compared and identified with a national grade comparison variety Fuding white tea and a parent product variety, and the following characteristic characteristics are mainly considered:

8.1 spring tea germinating stage

2017 and 2018, the germination period of the plants is investigated in spring, as shown in Table 4. It is known that the double-clone hybrid variety, i.e., one bud, i.e., one leaf, i.e., one bud, i.e., two leaves.

TABLE 4 double clonal varieties Obelia × pekoe early phenological period (moon/day)

Variety of (IV) C	One bud and one leaf stage	Period of one bud and two leaves	One bud and three leaf stage	Phenological period
					Obelian × Baihaao	3/20	3/25	3/30	Early life
Baihao Zao	3/11	3/18	3/27	Very early life
					Obelian north	3/24	3/28	4/01	Zhongsheng (Chinese birth)
Fuding white tea	3/20	3/24	3/28	Early life

8.2 growth potential and stress resistance

The single-plant double-row planting is carried out, under the condition of completely consistent management conditions, the height, growth potential, cold resistance, high temperature and drought resistance of the four-year-old tea tree of the variety are investigated, and the results are shown in a table 5. As can be seen from the table, the double-clone variety, i.e., i.obey north x polio early growth vigor, is superior to that of the control Fuding white tea and the parental control, and the field phenotypic character consistency is good and the cold resistance is strong.

TABLE 5 double clone Obelia × early pekoe growth potential and Cold resistance survey

8.3 basic traits, see Table 6.

TABLE 6 basic Biclone Obelibei × Baihao early trait

8.4 biological yields, see Table 7.

TABLE 7 evaluation of yield and vigor of double-clone variety, Obelia x Simarouba

8.5 fresh leaf yield, see Table 8.

TABLE 8 yield of double clone variety Obelia x Baihao early fresh leaves (2019)

Variety of (IV) C	Kg/667m2	Compared with great white tea of good fortune and ancient cooking vessel (+/-%)
			Obelian × Baihaao	305.5	265.65
Baihao Zao	130.0	113.04
			Obelian north	157.5	136.90
Fuding white tea	115.0	100.00

As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, the double-clone hybrid variety, which is Obelia-Baihaao, has strong heterosis, and the growth vigor is obviously superior to that of the control Yidingda white tea and the parents, and the weight of the shaped pruning product and the yield of fresh leaves are far higher than that of the control Yidingda white tea and the parents.

8.6 Biochemical composition of fresh leaves, see Table 9.

TABLE 9 double clone Obelia x pekoe biochemical components

Variety of (IV) C	Water extract (%)	Tea polyphenols (%)	Amino acid (%)	Caffeine (%)	Phenol to ammonia ratio
						Obelian × Baihaao	36.12	18.79	4.46	3.45	4.21
Baihao Zao	36.65	20.53	4.61	3.41	4.45
						Obelian north	36.18	22.12	4.49	3.55	4.93
Fuding white tea	39.25	24.28	3.67	3.75	6.62

As can be seen from Table 9, the double-clone hybrid variety, i.e., the Baibei X Baihao early, has rich content, the ratio of phenol to ammonia is 4.21 (the variety with the ratio of phenol to ammonia being less than 8 is suitable for preparing famous green tea), and has lower potential for processing famous green tea than the comparison of Fuding Da Bai tea and the parent.

8.7 tea quality

The first batch of spring tea adopts green tea with one bud and two leaves, the first batch of summer tea adopts black tea with one bud and two leaves, the evaluation result of experts is shown in figure 2, and the leaf real object diagram of tea is shown in figure 3. From FIGS. 1-3, it can be seen that the leaf of the double-clone hybrid variety, i.e., i..

It should be noted that, Obelia and Baihao coincide with the blooming period of Buck, and there are similar places (such as species of root microorganisms) required for growth, so that selection of two tea plants for asexual cross requires a great deal of experimental investigation in advance, which is highly professional and time-consuming, therefore, the selection of parents for the asexual cross of Obelia and Baihao tea plants is obviously not known by the skilled person in the art, and the general knowledge of the method of the present application also makes adaptive adjustment and improvement on the technical details of the hybrid breeding of Obelia and Baihao, so that the obtained hybrid offspring has good consistency and uniformity, and the hybrid breeding method based on Obelia and Baihao of the present application has certain difficulty.

Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that since the method of the present invention uses Obelia as the female parent, the hybrid obtained by the method has the property of being closer to Obelia, and better maintains the high-yield and high-fruit-yield property of Obelia while combining the high-resistance property of Obelia, although the resistance is lower than that of the hybrid obtained by using Obelia as the female parent, the hybrid is more suitable for planting in the downstream area of Yangtze river, and as can be seen from the following FIG. 1-2, the new hybrid cultivated by the improved method is enough to be a potential and famous green tea variety.

The features of the above-described embodiments may be combined in any combination, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of features in the above-described embodiments will not be described in detail, but rather, unless there is a conflict between such combinations, the scope of the present disclosure should be considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for breeding a double-clone hybrid variety of tea trees based on Obelia x Baihaao is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) parental selection and combinatorial matching

In the parent group, the north of Obelia is selected as a female parent, and the early of pekoe is selected as a male parent;

2) establishment of seed collecting garden

The method comprises the following steps of turning a seed collection garden deeply by 50cm comprehensively, applying base fertilizer in planting furrows, designing the planting specification of the seed collection garden to be single-row double-plant strip planting of the northern elaelia longissima variety, wherein the row spacing is 1.5m, the root spacing is 0.33m, each mu is 1100-1500 roots, two varieties are planted in an interlaced mode, the seed collection garden adopts natural isolation, and the distance between the hybrid seed collection garden and a third variety is more than 500m so as to prevent powder crossing;

3) shaping, pruning and picking of seed picking garden

Regularly shaping, pruning and picking;

4) fertilizing

Re-applying the base fertilizer once a year, wherein the fertilizing time is within a half month to a month after the harvest of the autumn tea seeds;

5) seed harvesting

Harvesting seeds from the hybrid of Obelia by Australia in 7 days before and after Frost every year from Obelia in 4 th year;

6) transplanting tea garden seeding and seedling raising

Winter sowing is carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river and in tea areas in the south of the Yangtze river, the winter sowing time is 11 months to 12 months, spring sowing is carried out in the northern tea areas or the high mountain tea areas, and the spring sowing time is carried out in 3-4 months in the 2 nd year; investigating the rate of emergence and the growth vigor of the tea seedlings at full age, and preparing for transplanting after roguing and impurity removal;

7) breeding and transplanting

The row spacing of transplanted tea trees is planted according to a single row and double plants of 1.5m multiplied by 0.33m, and the transplanted tea trees are compared and identified with national grade control variety Fuding white tea and parent product variety, and the characteristics considered by the comparison and identification comprise spring tea germination period, growth vigor and stress resistance, basic characters, biological yield, fresh leaf biochemical components and tea making quality, and a double-clone hybrid variety of tea trees, namely, the northeast China multiplied by the Baihao morning is bred.

2. A breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pattern pruning and picking of the seed orchard in step 3) specifically comprises: the height of 3 times of shaping and pruning in 1-3 years of a seed picking garden is 15cm, 30cm and 45cm, topping and picking are carried out in spring from 3 rd year, 1-2 batches of high-quality tea with one bud and one leaf and two leaves are picked from the first round of tea leaves in 4 th year, leaf clamping and summer tea are reserved at the end of spring storage, cutting and bud breeding are carried out, and autumn tea is not picked.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the applying of fertilizer in step 4) further comprises: the fertilizer application is compound fertilizer and cake fertilizer, more than 100kg of compound fertilizer and more than 100-150 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu per year, the compound fertilizer requires N, P, K proportion of 1:1:1, total nutrient is more than or equal to 48%, urea is not applied, and topdressing is carried out.

4. A breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeds are treated before winter sowing in step 6) by a seed soaking method, which is: soaking tea seeds in 3% carbendazim solution before sowing, changing the soaking solution once a day, fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom of the container for sowing after 3-4 days, and sowing the seeds by using the sinking seeds after the tea seeds float on the water surface and are soaked for 2-3 days, wherein the seeds floating on the surface are not used.

5. A breeding method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the winter sowing in step 6) adopts single-seed drill seedling, the row spacing is (8-10) cm x 3cm, and the single-seed drill seedling specifically comprises: the row is drawn by a marker, then seeds are dibbled in a sowing ditch with the depth of 2cm, sandy soil is adopted to cover the sowing ditch for 2-3 cm, and a layer of straw is paved on the sowed furrow surface to the extent that mud cannot be seen and the thickness is not too large; and then thoroughly watering with water, then covering with a mulching film, and when the temperature reaches above 20 ℃ in the middle 4 th month of the 2 nd year, the tea seeds germinate, and when the tea seeds enter the initial seedling stage, uncovering the mulching film.

6. A breeding method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the spring sowing in step 6) is carried out by direct seed sowing in sand and storage, so as to form a direct sowing tea garden, the spring sowing time is 3-4 months, each mu of land is 1100-1500 roots, each root is sown with 4-6 seeds, and each mu of land needs 10-15 kg of seeds.

7. A breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting tea garden seeding and raising of seedlings in step 6) further comprises nursery fertilization management, wherein the nursery fertilization management is mainly based on base fertilizer application, and more than 250kg of cake fertilizer is applied per mu of land.

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