CN112930898A - Rapid-growing cultivation method for exotic tree species - Google Patents
Rapid-growing cultivation method for exotic tree species Download PDFInfo
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- CN112930898A CN112930898A CN202110195155.5A CN202110195155A CN112930898A CN 112930898 A CN112930898 A CN 112930898A CN 202110195155 A CN202110195155 A CN 202110195155A CN 112930898 A CN112930898 A CN 112930898A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
Abstract
The invention discloses a fast-growing cultivation method of exotic tree species, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and cultivating rootstocks; (2) cultivating scions; (3) collecting scions; (4) grafting treatment; (5) and (5) planting management. The invention solves the problems of difficult survival and slow growth of introduced foreign tree species due to large environmental change by replacing the nursery stock culture medium and grafting, improves the capability of the foreign tree species against extreme weather and effectively promotes the rapid development of the foreign tree species. Has wide application prospect for garden planning and is suitable for wide popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a fast growing cultivation method of exotic tree species.
Background
For more than half a century, China introduces a large number of foreign tree species from abroad, such as pine species, eucalyptus species and poplar species, the wood production is greatly improved, and the tree species become the main tree species of the current timber artificial forest; the tree species of the genus Caesalpinia are widely used for building coastal protection forest belts, and the tree species of the genus Humeria are widely planted in farmland forest nets in plain lakes, so that the important wind prevention and farmland protection effects are achieved; the urban landscape is obviously beautified by using trees such as sycamore, torch trees and the like for urban greening; acacia tree species introduction and cultivation play a great role in soil and water conservation improvement, and acacia, amorpha fruticosa and other tree species become one of the most important water and soil conservation tree species in many areas in the north. Therefore, the reasonable introduction of the foreign tree species is also the subject of environmental protection and urban development, and the foreign tree species plays an important role in enriching the diversity of the landscaping tree species, the diversity of the urban green land landscape, improving the ecological environment of the urban green land and the like.
However, the adaptability of the foreign tree species is poor, the foreign tree species are not easy to survive, a plurality of foreign tree species can be well adapted under normal climatic conditions, once extreme weather occurs, the foreign tree species are easy to suffer from a large area of disaster or die, the resistance to natural disasters is far inferior to that of the rural tree species, the reason for popularizing the rural tree species in the greening industry is one of the reasons for the recent years, but the successful introduction of the foreign tree species can effectively enrich the diversity of the local tree species. The diversity of the local ecological system is enriched, and the development of the local landscaping and the expression of landscape effects are facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims at providing a fast growing cultivation method for exotic tree species to solve the problems proposed in the background art.
A fast-growing cultivation method of foreign tree species comprises the following steps:
(1) stock selection and cultivation: selecting healthy seeds of rural tree species with high affinity according to the foreign tree species to be introduced, and carrying out germination acceleration, sowing and seedling raising in summer in the first year;
(2) scion cultivation: in early spring of the second year, selecting a nursery base at the place where the foreign tree species are located, digging tree pits after deep ploughing and land preparation, filling a proportioning matrix A in the tree pits, planting germinated healthy seeds of the foreign tree species in the proportioning matrix A, and watering and cultivating;
(3) scion collection: collecting the semi-lignified branches of the foreign tree species which are grown vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests and cultivated in the step (2) as scions in late autumn and early winter of the second year, and cutting the scions to 12-17 cm; burying the cut scions in river sand with the humidity of 80-92% for storage and transportation, wherein the storage temperature is 2-6 ℃;
(4) grafting treatment: selecting healthy seedling seedlings without diseases and insect pests obtained in the step (1) as stocks, taking out upper layer original soil from tree pits of the stocks 5-10 days before grafting, refilling proportioning matrix B, cutting the rhizosphere of the stocks to be cut into xylem after water is discharged 5-12 hours before grafting, transversely cutting the stocks 10cm away from the ground, longitudinally cutting an interface, cutting the scions obtained in the step (3) to 10 cm-15 cm, sealing wax, cutting the lower ends into wedges, soaking the wedge ends in a mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin for 15-25 minutes, pouring the mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin at the cuts of the stocks, inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks, and tightly winding the grafted positions of the stocks and the scions by using a grafting film;
(5) planting management: after grafting, when the rootstock sprouts grow, the rootstock sprouts are removed for 1 time every 5-10 days, 50g of urea is applied to each plant along the edge of the original tree pit every half a month until the scion sprouts grow vigorously, watering is carried out in time according to soil moisture content in the later period, intertillage weeding is carried out, disease and pest control is carried out, and pruning is carried out in the growing period.
The formula of the proportioning matrix A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of native soil of a local tree species, 20 parts of native soil of an external tree species, 30 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil.
The formula of the proportioning matrix B is as follows by mass: 50 parts of native soil of the place where the foreign tree species are located, 40 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil.
And (4) taking out the upper layer original soil from the stock tree pit in the step (4), wherein the thickness of the upper layer original soil is 8-12 cm.
In the step (2), the depth of the tree pits is 30-40cm, the diameter of the tree pits is 30-40cm, the transverse distance of the tree pits is 60-80cm, and the longitudinal distance of the tree pits is 80-100 cm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the problems of difficult survival and slow growth of introduced foreign tree species due to large environmental change by replacing the nursery stock culture medium and grafting, improves the capability of the foreign tree species against extreme weather and effectively promotes the rapid development of the foreign tree species. Has wide application prospect for garden planning.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A fast-growing cultivation method of foreign tree species comprises the following steps:
(1) stock selection and cultivation: selecting healthy seeds of rural tree species with high affinity according to the foreign tree species to be introduced, and carrying out germination acceleration, sowing and seedling raising in summer in the first year;
(2) scion cultivation: in early spring of the next year, a nursery base is selected at the place where the foreign tree species are located, deep ploughing is carried out to complete the land, tree pits are dug, the depth of each tree pit is 35cm, the diameter of each tree pit is 35cm, the transverse distance between every two tree pits is 70cm, and the longitudinal distance between every two tree pits is 90 cm. Filling a proportioning matrix A in the tree pit, planting germinated healthy seeds of external tree species in the proportioning matrix A, and watering and cultivating, wherein the proportioning matrix A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of native soil of a local tree species, 20 parts of native soil of an external tree species, 30 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil;
(3) scion collection: collecting the semi-lignified branches of the foreign tree species which are grown vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests and cultivated in the step (2) as scions in late autumn and early winter of the next year, and cutting the scions to 15 cm; burying the cut cions in river sand with the humidity of 90% for storage and transportation, wherein the storage temperature is 2-6 ℃;
(4) grafting treatment: selecting healthy seedling seedlings without diseases and insect pests obtained in the step (1) as stocks, refilling proportioning matrix B into upper layer original soil with the thickness of 10cm from tree pits of the stocks 8 days before grafting, cutting the stocks at the position 10cm away from the ground after the stocks are cut in the rhizosphere part 8 hours before grafting, transversely cutting the stocks at the position 10cm away from the ground, longitudinally cutting a connector, cutting the scions obtained in the step (3) to 12cm, sealing wax, cutting the lower ends into wedges, soaking the wedge ends in a mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin for 20 minutes, pouring the mixed solution of the cytokinin and the heteroauxin at the cuts of the stocks, inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks, and winding the stocks and the grafted positions of the scions tightly by using grafting films; the formula of the proportioning matrix B is as follows by mass: 50 parts of native soil of the place where the foreign tree species are located, 40 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil;
(5) planting management: after grafting, when the rootstock sprouts grow, the rootstock sprouts are removed for 1 time every 5-10 days, 50g of urea is applied to each plant along the edge of the original tree pit every half a month until the scion sprouts grow vigorously, watering is carried out in time according to soil moisture content in the later period, intertillage weeding is carried out, disease and pest control is carried out, and pruning is carried out in the growing period.
Example 2
A fast-growing cultivation method of foreign tree species comprises the following steps: (1) stock selection and cultivation: selecting healthy seeds of rural tree species with high affinity according to the foreign tree species to be introduced, and carrying out germination acceleration, sowing and seedling raising in summer in the first year; (2) scion cultivation: in early spring of the next year, a nursery base is selected at the place where the foreign tree species are located, deep ploughing is carried out, tree pits are dug, the depth of each tree pit is 30cm, the diameter of each tree pit is 30cm, the transverse distance of each tree pit is 60cm, and the longitudinal distance of each tree pit is 80 cm. Filling a proportioning matrix A in the tree pit, planting germinated healthy seeds of external tree species in the proportioning matrix, and watering for cultivation, wherein the proportioning matrix A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of native soil of a local tree species, 20 parts of native soil of an external tree species, 30 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil; (3) scion collection: collecting the semi-lignified branches of the foreign tree species which are grown vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests and cultivated in the step (2) as scions in late autumn and early winter of the next year, and cutting the scions to 12 cm; burying the cut cions in river sand with the humidity of 80% for storage and transportation, wherein the storage temperature is 2-6 ℃; (4) grafting treatment: selecting healthy seedling seedlings without diseases and insect pests obtained in the step (1) as stocks, refilling proportioning matrix B into upper layer original soil with the thickness of 8cm from tree pits of the stocks 10 days before grafting, cutting the stocks at 10cm away from the ground after the stocks are cut into the xylem in 5 hours before grafting, transversely cutting the stocks at 10cm, longitudinally cutting a connector, cutting the scions obtained in the step (3) to 10cm, sealing wax, cutting the lower ends into wedges, soaking the wedge ends in a mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin for 15 minutes, pouring the mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin at the cuts of the stocks, inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks, and winding the stocks and the grafted positions of the scions tightly by using a grafting film; the formula of the proportioning matrix B is as follows by mass: 50 parts of native soil of the place where the foreign tree species are located, 40 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil; (5) planting management: after grafting, when the rootstock sprouts grow, the rootstock sprouts are removed for 1 time every 5-10 days, 50g of urea is applied to each plant along the edge of the original tree pit every half a month until the scion sprouts grow vigorously, watering is carried out in time according to soil moisture content in the later period, intertillage weeding is carried out, disease and pest control is carried out, and pruning is carried out in the growing period.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fast-growing cultivation method of foreign tree species is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) stock selection and cultivation: selecting healthy seeds of rural tree species with high affinity according to the foreign tree species to be introduced, and carrying out germination acceleration, sowing and seedling raising in summer in the first year;
(2) scion cultivation: in early spring of the second year, selecting a nursery base at the place where the foreign tree species are located, digging tree pits after deep ploughing and land preparation, filling a proportioning matrix A in the tree pits, planting germinated healthy seeds of the foreign tree species in the proportioning matrix A, and watering and cultivating;
(3) scion collection: collecting the semi-lignified branches of the foreign tree species which are grown vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests and cultivated in the step (2) as scions in late autumn and early winter of the second year, and cutting the scions to 12-17 cm; burying the cut scions in river sand with the humidity of 80-92% for storage and transportation, wherein the storage temperature is 2-6 ℃;
(4) grafting treatment: selecting healthy seedling seedlings without diseases and insect pests obtained in the step (1) as stocks, taking out upper layer original soil from tree pits of the stocks 5-10 days before grafting, refilling proportioning matrix B, cutting the rhizosphere of the stocks to be cut into xylem after water is discharged 5-12 hours before grafting, transversely cutting the stocks 10cm away from the ground, longitudinally cutting an interface, cutting the scions obtained in the step (3) to 10 cm-15 cm, sealing wax, cutting the lower ends into wedges, soaking the wedge ends in a mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin for 15-25 minutes, pouring the mixed solution of cytokinin and heteroauxin at the cuts of the stocks, inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks, and tightly winding the grafted positions of the stocks and the scions by using a grafting film;
(5) planting management: after grafting, when the rootstock sprouts grow, the rootstock sprouts are removed for 1 time every 5-10 days, 50g of urea is applied to each plant along the edge of the original tree pit every half a month until the scion sprouts grow vigorously, watering is carried out in time according to soil moisture content in the later period, intertillage weeding is carried out, disease and pest control is carried out, and pruning is carried out in the growing period.
2. The method for rapidly growing foreign tree species according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the proportioning matrix A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of native soil of a local tree species, 20 parts of native soil of an external tree species, 30 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil.
3. The method for rapidly growing foreign tree species according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the proportioning matrix B is as follows by mass: 50 parts of native soil of the place where the foreign tree species are located, 40 parts of vegetable sandy soil, 10 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 10 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of moss and 5 parts of urea, wherein the native soil is fine-particle plough layer soil.
4. The method for rapidly growing foreign tree species according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) taking out the upper layer original soil from the stock tree pit in the step (4), wherein the thickness of the upper layer original soil is 8-12 cm.
5. The method for rapidly growing foreign tree species according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the depth of the tree pits is 30-40cm, the diameter of the tree pits is 30-40cm, the transverse distance of the tree pits is 60-80cm, and the longitudinal distance of the tree pits is 80-100 cm.
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