CN107114195A - A kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114195A CN107114195A CN201710442535.8A CN201710442535A CN107114195A CN 107114195 A CN107114195 A CN 107114195A CN 201710442535 A CN201710442535 A CN 201710442535A CN 107114195 A CN107114195 A CN 107114195A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method, comprise the following steps：Step 1: introducing a fine variety the big fruit sea-buckthorn of following eight kinds of kinds：Distant abundant No. 1, the Liao Dynasty it is abundant No. 2, on the sunny side, orange, Chu Yi, muddy golden, winning, Altay news；Step 2: the various economic characters after being transplanted 3 years in Qinghe County according to the big fruit sea-buckthorn of eight kinds of kinds are contrasted, select that fruit grain is big, stingless or few thorn, single plant yield height, tree-shaped the first transaction of a day's business, plant is more short, and growing way is good, the strong kind of the ability of disease and insect resistance；Step 3: finally selecting following three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds：On the sunny side, Altay news, Chu Yi；The present invention is selected by rational selection and three excellent big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds is showed in Altay Prefecture Qinghe County, and strong support is provided for the Planting of Sea-buckthorn popularization of Altay Prefecture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting sea-buckthorn technical field, specifically a kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method.
Background technology
Qinghe County is located at Northeast of Xinjiang, and Altay Mountains Southeastern Foot, northeast two sides borders on Mongolia, in 89 ° of east longitude
47 ' -91 ° 04 ', 00 ' -47 ° 20 ' of north latitude 45 °.1.57 ten thousand square kilometres of the whole county gross area, weather winter cold is very long, summer
Of short duration, frost-free period in year is average at 103 days, and mean annual precipitation is 165 millimeters, belongs to continental arid climate, and day and night temperature is big；Closely
Since several years, the big fruit sea-buckthorn that artificial growth is successively introduced in Altay Prefecture Qinghe County from northeast, Liaoning, Shandong Huang and other places has the Liao Dynasty
Abundant No. 1, on the sunny side, Chu Yi, muddy gold, Altay news, A Lieyi（Staminiferous plant）Deng more than 300 ten thousand plants of big fruit sea-buckthorn kind, total
The mu of big fruit sea-buckthorn afforestation area more than 50,000, thus be badly in need of seeking it is a kind of can be promoted in Qinghe County or even Altay Prefecture it is excellent
Kind.
The content of the invention
The big fruit sand of excellent three is showed in Altay Prefecture Qinghe County it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of select
Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method of spine kind, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method, comprises the following steps：Step 1: introducing a fine variety following eight kinds of kinds
Big fruit sea-buckthorn：Distant abundant No. 1, the Liao Dynasty it is abundant No. 2, on the sunny side, orange, Chu Yi, muddy golden, winning, Altay news；
Step 2: the various economic characters after being transplanted 3 years in Qinghe County according to the big fruit sea-buckthorn of eight kinds of kinds are contrasted, select
Go out fruit grain big, stingless or few thorn, single plant yield is high, tree-shaped is opened a business, plant is more short, and growing way is good, the ability of disease and insect resistance
Strong kind；
Step 3: finally selecting following three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds：On the sunny side, Altay news, Chu Yi.
It is used as further scheme of the invention：The three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds selected in step 3 have following excellent spy
Property：
1st, growth and economic performance：
1. face south：2-3 meters of the kind tree crown, 2.5 meters of crown diameter, tree crown is opened a business, in fork formula；It is stingless, solid relatively early, 2~3 years
The age of tree just enters fruiting period, and yield is higher, and fruit cylindrical type is orange, and fruit is big, 0.9 gram of mean fruit weight, 1500 kilograms of left sides of per mu yield
The right side, mid-August is ripe, highly disease-resistant；
2. Altay news：Strain Cong Gao great, tree crown the first transaction of a day's business, fruit golden red, 0.57 gram of mean fruit weight pierce very weak, the maturity period
Early, mid-August is ripe, and yield is high, and the best fruiting period was up to 10~12 years, 1700 kilograms of per mu yield；This kind is cold-resistant, has for drying shrinkage disease
Certain resistance, can disease and insect resistance under field condition；
3. Chu Yi：2.5 meters of the height of tree, tree crown is in fork formula, circular, and branch is sparse, and plant growing way is weaker, and quil is less；Field planting 3~
Enter within 4 years fruiting period, fruit early-maturing, mid-August is ripe, plant is up to 2.5 meters, and tree crown is opened a business, stingless；High yield, fruit is big, fruit
It is dry to come off；0.9 gram of mean fruit weight, 1140-1750 kilograms of per mu yield；This kind is cold-resistant, the disease and insect resistance under field condition；
2nd, adaptability and resistance：
1. cold resistance：Below sample plot average 103 days frost-free periods, most cold -30 DEG C of the moon (January) consecutive low temperatures in 2006, do not freeze
Evil occurs；
2. drought-resistant, barren soil：Sample plot annual precipitation small (average annual precipitation be 165mm) and June to September is mainly distributed on, accounted for
The 47% of annual precipitation；Evaporation capacity is big, and especially summer evaporation capacity accounts for the 49.3% of whole year, is air-dried；In such environment
Under the conditions of, it is only necessary to a small amount of water source is irrigated, and sea-buckthorn can normal growth；Selected conceding the land to forestry sample plot includes pile wasteland, poor
The types such as lean mountain region, flood land, sand ground, hilly and mountainous land, 3 kinds of the above can normal growth, it can be seen that it is adapted to
PH value is in 6.5-8.5, and soil salt content and can produce substantial amounts of rhizobium in 0.4-0.6% soil；
3. diseases and insect pests resistance is strong：3 Seabuckthorn Varieties of the above all occur any in Qinghe County cultivation history more than 5 years, not
Pest and disease damage, diseases and insect pests resistance is extremely strong.
It is used as further scheme of the invention：Introducing a fine variety including following mating system in step one：
Cuttage seedling raising method, including semi-lignified cuttage seedling raising method, hardwood cutting and seedling raising method, tissue culture are used in mating system
Three kinds of methods such as nursery are combined；
It is used as further scheme of the invention：Introducing a fine variety including following Cultural technique in step one：
1st, planting density：Depending on should be according to cultivation mode, the garden formula intensive culture and plot planting density made can be fitted between being not suitable for
When smaller, general seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 4m, 2m × 4m, and every mu of plant strain number is respectively 111 plants, 83 plants；
2nd, male and female are configured：The ratio of main cultivation and pollinated variety is 8：1 or 9：1, it is uniformly distributed；
3rd, pruning：The treelet phase trims（1 year~3 years raw trees）, treelet 35~50cm of heading height, when doing surely under requirement clip
10~15cm scopes have the full bud of more than 6；When young sprout length is to 20~more than 30cm, given birth to except 3~4 different azimuths are selected and remain
Outside long major branch, all pinching of remaining young sprout；3~4 major branches are selected in winter pruning, are cut and are stayed 30~40cm of length；Second Year and
Trimming in 3 years using enriching shoot it is slow put, the method for weak branch cutting back, stay oblique flat branch side shoot more, anticline branch do not stayed；Remove it is overlapping, intersect,
Upright and influence master branch growth branch；To remove in time or the Ji Shengzhi that erased in summer simultaneously；
As a result initial stage trims（4 years~5 years raw trees）, trunk branch growth gesture is adjusted, continues to cultivate master branch skeleton；To raw on major branch
The too strong side shoot of growing way, take remove, it is slow put, the method control tree vigo(u)r such as cutting back, to the side shoot cutting back on weak major branch；In skeleton branch
Large and medium-sized branch group is cultivated in both sides, and the configuration of branch group is wanted large, medium and small alternate, is staggered, and by height control below 2 meters,
In favor of picking fruit；
The best fruiting period trims（Life in 6 years~15 years）, best fruiting period trimming is it is important to note that destroy horizontal branch, and reservation is removed old branch and protected along branch
Shoot is stayed, Mi Chuzhi is removed, scarce sky stays prosperous branch, and clear thorax cuts bottom and keeps tree crown satisfactory；Spring cuts dry point, and summer cuts excessive growth
Branch, autumn cuts the base life branch of excessive growth and rudiment, and to cut the firm tree crown in top, and clear thorax keeps ventilation and penetrating light, removes old branch and inspire newly
Branch.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention by rational selection select Ah
Strangle safe regional Qinghe County and show excellent big fruit sea-buckthorn kind three, economic characters are excellent, strong adaptability, diseases and insect pests resistance
By force, the Planting of Sea-buckthorn for Altay Prefecture, which is promoted, provides strong support.
Embodiment
The technical scheme of this patent is described in more detail with reference to embodiment.
A kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method, comprises the following steps：Step 1: introducing a fine variety following eight kinds of product
The big fruit sea-buckthorn planted：Distant abundant No. 1, the Liao Dynasty it is abundant No. 2, on the sunny side, orange, Chu Yi, muddy golden, winning, Altay news；
Step 2: the various economic characters after being transplanted 3 years in Qinghe County according to the big fruit sea-buckthorn of eight kinds of kinds are contrasted, select
Go out fruit grain big, stingless or few thorn, single plant yield is high, tree-shaped is opened a business, plant is more short, and growing way is good, the ability of disease and insect resistance
Strong kind.
Step 3: finally selecting following three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds：On the sunny side, Altay news, Chu Yi；
With following good characteristic：1st, growth and economic performance
1. face south：2-3 meters of the kind tree crown, 2.5 meters of crown diameter, tree crown is opened a business, in fork formula.It is stingless, solid relatively early, 2~3 years
The age of tree just enters fruiting period.Yield is higher.Fruit cylindrical type, orange, fruit is big, 0.9 gram of mean fruit weight, 1500 kilograms of left sides of per mu yield
The right side, mid-August is ripe, highly disease-resistant.
2. Altay news：Strain Cong Gao great, tree crown the first transaction of a day's business, fruit golden red, 0.57 gram of mean fruit weight pierce very weak, into
Ripe phase is early, and mid-August is ripe, and yield is high, and the best fruiting period was up to 10~12 years, 1700 kilograms of per mu yield.This kind is cold-resistant, for drying shrinkage
Disease has certain resistance, can disease and insect resistance under field condition.
3. Chu Yi：2.5 meters of the height of tree, tree crown is in fork formula, circular, and branch is sparse, and plant growing way is weaker, and quil is less.It is fixed
Plant enters fruiting period for 3~4 years, and fruit early-maturing, mid-August is ripe, and plant is up to 2.5 meters, and tree crown is opened a business, stingless.High yield, fruit
Greatly, fruit is dry comes off.0.9 gram of mean fruit weight, 1140-1750 kilograms of per mu yield.This kind is cold-resistant, resists under field condition
Pest and disease damage.
2nd, adaptability and resistance
1. cold resistance：Below sample plot average 103 days frost-free periods, most cold -30 DEG C of the moon (January) consecutive low temperatures in 2006, do not freeze
Evil occurs.
2. drought-resistant, barren soil：Sample plot annual precipitation small (average annual precipitation be 165mm) and it is mainly distributed on 6~9
Month, account for the 47% of annual precipitation.Evaporation capacity is big, and especially summer evaporation capacity accounts for the 49.3% of whole year, is air-dried.Such
Under environmental condition, it is only necessary to which a small amount of water source is irrigated, and sea-buckthorn can normal growth.It is waste that selected conceding the land to forestry sample plot includes pile
The types such as ground, barren mountain region, flood land, sand ground, hilly and mountainous land, 3 kinds of the above can normal growth, it can be seen that its
PH value is adapted in 6.5-8.5, soil salt content and can produce substantial amounts of rhizobium in 0.4-0.6% soil.
3. diseases and insect pests resistance is strong：3 Seabuckthorn Varieties of the above all more than 5 years, do not occur in Qinghe County cultivation history
Any pest and disease damage, diseases and insect pests resistance is extremely strong.
Suitable kind of scope of the three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds selected
Three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn varietal adaptations selecting are strong, rejected reasons, pile wasteland, barren mountain region, flood land, sand ground,
Hilly and mountainous land can normal growth, less demanding to soil, it is very big probably between 6-9 to adapt to pH range, simply
The grown on soil of weight can not be being glued, be desirable to irrigation and drainage condition, there is the illumination condition that comparison is sufficient.
Introducing a fine variety including following mating system and Cultural technique in step one：
1st, mode of reproduction
In mating system, cuttage seedling raising method is generally used at present, including semi-lignified cuttage seedling raising method, cuttage are educated
Three kinds of methods such as Miao Fa, tissue culture are combined.The advantage of cuttage seedling raising method is can to keep the merit of original kind, very well
Ground controls male and female plant ratio, realizes engineering nursery.
2nd, Cultural technique
1. planting density, should be according to cultivation mode depending on, garden formula intensive culture and the plot planting density made between being not suitable for can be fitted
When smaller, general seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 4m, 2m × 4m, and every mu of plant strain number is respectively 111 plants, 83 plants.
2. male and female are configured, and the ratio of main cultivation and pollinated variety is 8：1 or 9：1, it is uniformly distributed.
3. pruning, the trimming of treelet phase（1 year~3 years raw trees）Treelet 35~50cm of heading height, requires to cut when doing surely
10~15cm scopes have the full bud of more than 6 under mouthful.When young sprout length is to 20~more than 30cm, except selecting and remain 3~4 not Tongfangs
Outside the major branch of position growth, all pinching of remaining young sprout.3~4 major branches are selected in winter pruning, are cut and are stayed 30~40cm of length.Second Year
With trimming in the 3rd year using enriching shoot it is slow put, the method for weak branch cutting back, stay oblique flat branch side shoot more, anticline branch do not stayed.Remove overlapping, friendship
Fork, upright and influence master branch growth branch.To remove in time or the Ji Shengzhi that erased in summer simultaneously.
As a result initial stage trims（4 years~5 years raw trees）, trunk branch growth gesture is adjusted, continues to cultivate master branch skeleton.To major branch
The too strong side shoot of upper growth potential, take remove, it is slow put, the method control tree vigo(u)r such as cutting back, to the side shoot cutting back on weak major branch.In bone
Large and medium-sized branch group is cultivated in dry branch both sides, and the configuration of branch group is wanted large, medium and small alternate, is staggered, and will height control 2 meters with
Under, in favor of picking fruit.
The best fruiting period trims（Life in 6 years~15 years）, best fruiting period trimming is it is important to note that destroy horizontal branch, and reservation removes old along branch
Branch retains shoot, removes Mi Chuzhi, and scarce sky stays prosperous branch, and clear thorax cuts bottom and keeps tree crown satisfactory.Spring cuts dry point, and summer cuts apprentice
Long shoot, autumn cuts the base life branch of excessive growth and rudiment, and to cut the firm tree crown in top, and clear thorax keeps ventilation and penetrating light, removes old branch and inspire
Shoot.
The better embodiment to this patent is explained in detail above, but this patent is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
, can also be on the premise of this patent objective not be departed from formula, the knowledge that one skilled in the relevant art possesses
Various changes can be made.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Altay Prefecture's big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Step 1: introducing a fine variety
The big fruit sea-buckthorn of eight kinds of kinds below：Distant abundant No. 1, the Liao Dynasty it is abundant No. 2, on the sunny side, orange, Chu Yi, muddy golden, winning, Altay news；
Step 2: the various economic characters after being transplanted 3 years in Qinghe County according to the big fruit sea-buckthorn of eight kinds of kinds are contrasted, select
Go out fruit grain big, stingless or few thorn, single plant yield is high, tree-shaped is opened a business, plant is more short, and growing way is good, the ability of disease and insect resistance
Strong kind；
Step 3: finally selecting following three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds：On the sunny side, Altay news, Chu Yi.
2. big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method in Altay Prefecture's according to claim 1, it is characterised in that selected in step 3
The three kinds of big fruit sea-buckthorn kinds brought out have following good characteristic：
1st, growth and economic performance：
1. face south：2-3 meters of the kind tree crown, 2.5 meters of crown diameter, tree crown is opened a business, in fork formula；It is stingless, solid relatively early, 2~3 years
The age of tree just enters fruiting period, and yield is higher, and fruit cylindrical type is orange, and fruit is big, 0.9 gram of mean fruit weight, 1500 kilograms of left sides of per mu yield
The right side, mid-August is ripe, highly disease-resistant；
2. Altay news：Strain Cong Gao great, tree crown the first transaction of a day's business, fruit golden red, 0.57 gram of mean fruit weight pierce very weak, the maturity period
Early, mid-August is ripe, and yield is high, and the best fruiting period was up to 10~12 years, 1700 kilograms of per mu yield；This kind is cold-resistant, has for drying shrinkage disease
Certain resistance, can disease and insect resistance under field condition；
3. Chu Yi：2.5 meters of the height of tree, tree crown is in fork formula, circular, and branch is sparse, and plant growing way is weaker, and quil is less；Field planting 3~
Enter within 4 years fruiting period, fruit early-maturing, mid-August is ripe, plant is up to 2.5 meters, and tree crown is opened a business, stingless；High yield, fruit is big, fruit
It is dry to come off；0.9 gram of mean fruit weight, 1140-1750 kilograms of per mu yield；This kind is cold-resistant, the disease and insect resistance under field condition；
2nd, adaptability and resistance：
1. cold resistance：Below sample plot average 103 days frost-free periods, most cold -30 DEG C of the moon (January) consecutive low temperatures in 2006, do not freeze
Evil occurs；
2. drought-resistant, barren soil：Sample plot annual precipitation small (average annual precipitation be 165mm) and June to September is mainly distributed on, accounted for
The 47% of annual precipitation；Evaporation capacity is big, and especially summer evaporation capacity accounts for the 49.3% of whole year, is air-dried；In such environment
Under the conditions of, it is only necessary to a small amount of water source is irrigated, and sea-buckthorn can normal growth；Selected conceding the land to forestry sample plot includes pile wasteland, poor
The types such as lean mountain region, flood land, sand ground, hilly and mountainous land, 3 kinds of the above can normal growth, it can be seen that it is adapted to
PH value is in 6.5-8.5, and soil salt content and can produce substantial amounts of rhizobium in 0.4-0.6% soil；
3. diseases and insect pests resistance is strong：3 Seabuckthorn Varieties of the above all occur any in Qinghe County cultivation history more than 5 years, not
Pest and disease damage, diseases and insect pests resistance is extremely strong.
3. big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method in Altay Prefecture's according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step one
Introduce a fine variety including following mating system：
Cuttage seedling raising method, including semi-lignified cuttage seedling raising method, hardwood cutting and seedling raising method, tissue culture are used in mating system
Three kinds of methods such as nursery are combined.
4. big fruit sea-buckthorn breed breeding method in Altay Prefecture's according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step one
Introduce a fine variety including following Cultural technique：
1st, planting density：Depending on should be according to cultivation mode, the garden formula intensive culture and plot planting density made can be fitted between being not suitable for
When smaller, general seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 4m, 2m × 4m, and every mu of plant strain number is respectively 111 plants, 83 plants；
2nd, male and female are configured：The ratio of main cultivation and pollinated variety is 8：1 or 9：1, it is uniformly distributed；
3rd, pruning：The treelet phase trims（1 year~3 years raw trees）, treelet 35~50cm of heading height, when doing surely under requirement clip
10~15cm scopes have the full bud of more than 6；When young sprout length is to 20~more than 30cm, given birth to except 3~4 different azimuths are selected and remain
Outside long major branch, all pinching of remaining young sprout；3~4 major branches are selected in winter pruning, are cut and are stayed 30~40cm of length；Second Year and
Trimming in 3 years using enriching shoot it is slow put, the method for weak branch cutting back, stay oblique flat branch side shoot more, anticline branch do not stayed；Remove it is overlapping, intersect,
Upright and influence master branch growth branch；To remove in time or the Ji Shengzhi that erased in summer simultaneously；
As a result initial stage trims（4 years~5 years raw trees）, trunk branch growth gesture is adjusted, continues to cultivate master branch skeleton；To raw on major branch
The too strong side shoot of growing way, take remove, it is slow put, the method control tree vigo(u)r such as cutting back, to the side shoot cutting back on weak major branch；In skeleton branch
Large and medium-sized branch group is cultivated in both sides, and the configuration of branch group is wanted large, medium and small alternate, is staggered, and by height control below 2 meters,
In favor of picking fruit；
The best fruiting period trims（Life in 6 years~15 years）, best fruiting period trimming is it is important to note that destroy horizontal branch, and reservation is removed old branch and protected along branch
Shoot is stayed, Mi Chuzhi is removed, scarce sky stays prosperous branch, and clear thorax cuts bottom and keeps tree crown satisfactory；Spring cuts dry point, and summer cuts excessive growth
Branch, autumn cuts the base life branch of excessive growth and rudiment, and to cut the firm tree crown in top, and clear thorax keeps ventilation and penetrating light, removes old branch and inspire newly
Branch.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112166931A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-05 | 东盛生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for planting sea buckthorn in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115039629A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | High-quality salix integra breeding method |
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| CN101715727A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2010-06-02 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for breeding high VC content Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. excellent hybrid |
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| CN101715727A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2010-06-02 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for breeding high VC content Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. excellent hybrid |
| CN104137753A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-12 | 漳浦县蓝美水果专业合作社 | Introduction and high-yield cultivation method for figs from Zhangzhou, Fujian |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112166931A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-05 | 东盛生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for planting sea buckthorn in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112166931B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-04-15 | 东盛生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for planting sea buckthorn in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115039629A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | High-quality salix integra breeding method |
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