CN101258810A - Purple massif forestation planting grass para position allocation and mixed cultivation method - Google Patents
Purple massif forestation planting grass para position allocation and mixed cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of para position allocation and ,mixing cultivation of planting grass for afforestation on purple hills, which comprises the steps of: (1) division of land types: purple hilly lands are divided according to the acidity, basicity and lithology of the lands, soil erosion, soil thickness and terrain features; (2) selection of species of trees and grasses: species of trees and grasses which are applicable to grow in varied purple lands are selected according to the selection experiments of the different types of species of trees and grasses used for afforesting of purple hilly lands, and fitting degrees of the species of trees and grasses to each kind of land are specified; (3) para position allocation of the species of trees and grasses with the kinds of the lands: corresponding species of trees and grasses are allocated on the most suitable or relatively suitable lands; (4) mixed disposition of trees: different optimized disposition modes for purple hilly mixed forests are selected according to the mixed experiments of the trees for different kinds of lands of hills and hilly areas with purple soil, and trees and bushes, legumes and non-legumes, species of trees of deep root system and shallow root system, horizontally growing type and vertically growing type, soil fixing type and soil improved type are mixed. The method of the invention adopts trees, brushes and grasses to be planted on the most suitable and relatively suitable hills with purple soil, thus realizing precise para position allocation, high survival rate being up to over 90 percent and greatly accelerating the growing speed and forest establishment speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forestation planting grass method, especially relate to a kind of forestation planting grass contraposition configuration and mix the friendship cultivation method.
Background technology
China's south purple soil massif land type is many, landforms have low mountain, hills, hillock, soil types has acid purple soil, neutral purple soil, calcareous purple soil, and parent rock has purple sandstone, purple shale, purple sand shale, and the land type of being made up of these key elements is varied.With the Hunan Province is example, and the purple soil massif mainly contains the low mountain of neutral purple purple, the low mountain of acid purple soil, neutral purple mound mound, acid purple mound mound, acid purple earthen mound ground, acid violet sand hillock, calcareous purple rock soil building hillock, calcareous purple earthen mound ground, calcareous purple sand hillock etc.These purple soil massif forest covers are sparse, and parent rock is exposed mostly, and soil layer is very thin, severe water and soil erosion, and forestation planting grass is very difficult, and the soil is uncultivated in a large number.
People such as Cao Shixiong, adopt the growth monitoring method in the hills area, loess plateau, studied locust tree and other 3 kinds of northern seeds suitability to 4 soil typess in loess plateau, 4 kinds of trees such as locust tree pure forest optimum soil types, inferior suitable soil types, general suitable soil types have been proposed, and 4 kinds of trees mix the optimal mode of handing over, mix with Leguminosae tree and non-Leguminosae tree and to hand over best results (the different seeds of Loess Region such as Cao Shixiong are to the study on monitoring [J] of soil suitability, " research soil and water conservation ", 200411 (2): 8～11).This research for the examination trees, has only locust tree south also to have, and other 3 kinds of trees all belong to loess plateau and Inner Mongol seeds; All belong to the soil types of loess area for examination soil, and be not the angle research from the soil, landform, climatic factor are not taken into account, so less to southern purple soil massif district using value.
Hengnan County, Hunan Province State Forestry Administration, P.R. China wears the emerging people of grade of fortune, thanking to the front yard in Hunan Inst. of Economic Geography gives birth in problem " synthetical development technology test in purple mound hillock in the Hunan " project of presiding over, select the conduct of calcareous purple earthen mound ground, Tan Zi mountain, Hengnan County town experimental field, select locust tree, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, shrubby flase indigo, China tree to test seeds, adopt 3 kinds of configuration modes to mix friendship: 1. locust tree+Vitex negundo var cannabifolia as firewood forest; 2. China tree+shrubby flase indigo; 3. locust tree+Vitex negundo var cannabifolia+China tree+shrubby flase indigo.Result of the test showed in 3 years: it is the highest in 3 kinds of prescription formulas that locust tree+Vitex negundo var cannabifolia+China tree+shrubby flase indigo firewood forest mixes the average height increment of friendship mode.People such as Dai Yunxing are Tan Zi mountain, the Hengnan County town of purple soil area in Hunan also, selects acid purple earthen mound ground and 2 site types in red soil hillock in the Quaternary Period, carries out wet-land pine tree pure forest, wet-land pine tree * tupelo, the fast growing test.The result shows: the wet-land pine tree that acid purple earthen mound ground I class on the spot goes up is compared with the wet-land pine tree that the Quaternary Period, red soil I class on the spot went up, mean height growth ratio 100: 102, variance analysis, the no significant difference of its F value; Acid purple earthen mound ground wetland * tupelo mixed forest is significantly increased than pure forest output.7 years living wet-land pine tree * tupelo mixed forests, average per hectare growing stock 60.87m
3, than wet-land pine tree pure forest per hectare growing stock 46.62m of the same age
3Many 14.25m
3(work such as Xie Tingsheng purple mound hillock synthetical development technology experimental study [M] Changsha: Hunan science tech publishing house, 2005,75～83.).But the purple soil massif type that the research relates to has only 2, and seeds also seldom, and are incompatible with weather, soil acidity or alkalinity, land occupation condition, and seeds mix hands over effect very not remarkable, quite limited to the effect that solves southern purple soil massif district's revegetation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of and soil acidity or alkalinity, weather, land occupation condition to adapt, the survival rate height, the growth rate and the speed of growing into forest are fast, seeds mix hands over effect remarkable, can accelerate to recover and rebuild the purple massif forestation planting grass contraposition configuration and the mixed cultivation method of handing over of purple massif forest cover.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, it may further comprise the steps: (1) divides land type, according to ecological characteristic such as the Acidity of Aikalinity in soil and lithology, the soil erosion, soil thickness and landforms purple massif soil being carried out type divides, the land type classification is a hierarchical system, in order to make the accurate contraposition of seeds grass seeds and land type, preferably divide land type by 1: 1 ten thousand engineer's scale; Its name, should adopt ninor feature and subtype of soil or penus even soil species and vegetation pattern or present status of land utilization federated name, name like this, the key element that not only reflects land type, and ecological characteristics such as the reflection Acidity of Aikalinity of purple soil and lithology, the soil erosion, soil thickness, accurate with the adaptability and the soil feature contraposition that guarantee the seeds grass seeds; (2) seeds and grass seed selection by the selection test of different land type reproducting tree species of purple massif and grass seeds, filter out the seeds and the grass seeds of suitable all kinds of respectively purple land type growths, indicate the suitable degree of these seeds grass seeds to each land type; (3) the seeds grass seeds docks configuration with land type, and corresponding seeds grass seeds is disposed on optimum or the relatively suitable land type; (4) the mixed mating of forest is put, mix the friendship test by the different land type forests of purple soil hilly and mountainous land, filter out different purple soil massif type mixed forests and distribute pattern rationally, be with arbor and shrub, pulse family and non-pulse family, dark root system and shallow root system, the horizontal type and vertical-type, solid soil type and the mixed friendship of the type seeds of improving the soil walked, to increase fertility of land, to make full use of the different soil water and nutrient.
The present invention is owing to irritate grass planting at optimum with on the purple soil massif type that relatively suits with Qiao, contraposition is accurate, therefore, survival rate improves (how more than 90%) greatly, the growth rate and the speed of growing into forest are significantly accelerated (growth rate and the speed of growing into forest are respectively 1.05～1.5 times and 1.1～5.5 times of general suitable land type), and mixed forest is 1.15～2.5 times of general suitable soil at optimum land type growing stock.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
(1) divides land type, purple soil massif soil is divided into ten types of 1-10 (specifically seeing Table 1 table such as grade);
(2) seeds and grass seed selection, adopt the growing state monitoring method, to masson pine on the different purple soil massif types, wet-land pine tree, China fir, Japan cypress, locust tree and Chinese pistache, camphor tree, sweetgum, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, aleurite montana, cork oak, Chinese tallow tree, the Double Ninth Festival wood, China tree, water willow, cryptomeria, silk tree, Chinese elm, mulberry tree, Quercus acutissima, tung oil tree, the sweet osmanthus tree, fishscale bamboo, yellow wingceltis, camplotheca acuminata, wilson dogwood, toothed oak wood, Chinese chestnut, Populus adenopoda, kalopanax septemlobus, Chinese toon, palm, bitter sweet oak, cizu, Schima superba, 37 kinds of arbors such as Albizzia kalkora and change are fragrant, overgrown with weeds flower, white oak, Chinese sumac, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, the fire sour jujube, the five-leaved chaste tree bar, oil tea, red bayberry, Largeleaf Ehretia, Smallfruit Rose Root, Chinese Abelia, Glochidion puberum, shrubby flase indigo, macartney rose, Loropetalum wood, Coriaria sinica, thunberg lespedeza, the horse bones of the dead, bitter manger's wood, phellem, 22 kinds of shrubs such as tealeaves, and a kind of apple Lee, persimmon, jujube tree, oranges and tangerines, the orange tree, grapefruit, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee, 11 planting fruit-trees such as huge honeybee grape, the coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, 3 kinds of green manure such as India's cowpea, 28 kinds of woody plants amount to 101 kinds tall filling grass and monitor;
(1) magaphanerophytes's The selection result is analyzed
1) different land type masson pine growing state monitoring analysis
Masson pine requires not tight to soil, the soil of ability drought and barren, and the acid and subacidity soil of happiness, 4.5～6.5 growths of pH value are best, undergrowth on the soil of calcium soil and limestone weathering.Test monitoring is the result show, Pinus massoniana forest is up to 98% in the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, respectively than land type 3,1 and 7,6,2 and 5,8,9,10 high 1.03%, 2.08%, 2.65%, 3.16% and 7.9,3.9,5.5 times; Masson pine is the fastest in the low mountain of acid purple soil growth rate, and average annual amount of growth is 0.86m, is respectively land type 3,1 and 7,6,2 and 5,8,9,10 1.03,1.06,1.07,1.09,11.88,6.33,7.31 times; Masson pine grows into forest the fastest on the low mountain of acid purple soil, the crown canopy area reached 9.80m in 11 years
2, crown density reach 78.00%, secondly are acid purple mound mound, hillock, and neutral purple soil low mountains and hills and the former are approaching, and calcareous purple earthen mound ground is the poorest, the masson pine undergrowth.The low mountain of acid purple soil, soil pH 5.0～5.5, air humidity is big slightly than the hillock, and soil organic matter content is slightly high than the hills, hillock, shows (seeing Table 1) so masson pine grows.The growth of neutral purple soil low mountains and hills masson pine is also better, and is very favourable to purple soil hills area development forest economy.
Table 1 Pinus massoniana forest is at different land type growing state monitoring analysis
| The land type sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Land type | Acid purple earthen mound ground | Acid violet sand hillock | Acid purple mound mound | The low mountain of acid purple soil | Neutral purple earthen mound ground | Neutral purple mound mound | The low mountain of neutral purple soil | Calcareous purple rock soil building hillock | Calcareous purple earthen mound ground | Calcareous boccaro earthen mound ground |
| Survival rate/% | 96.00 | 95.00 | 97.00 | 98.00 | 95.00 | 95.50 | 96.00 | 11.00 | 20.00 | 15.00 |
| The 11 years height of tree/m | 9.00 | 8.75 | 9.20 | 9.50 | 8.70 | 8.90 | 9.00 | 0.80 | 1.50 | 1.30 |
| 11 years tree crown/m 2 | 9.42 | 9.11 | 9.50 | 9.80 | 9.00 | 9.30 | 9.40 | 3.20 | 3.80 | 3.60 |
| 11 years crown density/% | 72.00 | 70.00 | 75.00 | 78.00 | 70.00 | 71.50 | 71.90 | 20.00 | 30.00 | 25.00 |
2) different land type wet-land pine tree growing state monitoring analysis
Test monitoring is the result show, the wet-land pine tree pure forest is the highest in the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, be 94.0%, higher 1.08%, 2.17%, 3.30%, 10.59% and 46,14.67,30.33 times than 3,1 and 7,5 and 6,2,8,9, No. 10 land types respectively; Wet-land pine tree grows into forest fastest on the low mountain of acid purple soil, average annual plant height amount of growth is 0.56m, 16 years crown canopy area 9.42m
2, crown density reach 91.50%, are respectively 1.04,1.09,1.11,6.10,4.46,5.08 times (seeing Table 2) of 3,1 and 7,5 and 6,2,8,9, No. 10 land types.At purple soil area, wet-land pine tree pure forest optimum is grown in the low mountain of acid purple soil.Secondly be the low massif hillock of hillock, acid purple mound mound and neutral purple soil, calcareous purple earthen mound ground soil pH value height, the soil calcic is many, and the air themperature minimum is not suitable for planting.The low mountain of acid purple soil, temperature is low 1.5 ℃ than the hillock, and air humidity is bigger, soil moisture is also big than the hillock, and especially soil is faintly acid, a little less than the soil erosion, still keep thicker soil layer, soil organic matter content is than more than the high 5g/kg in purple soil hillock, so the wet-land pine tree growth is best.Conditions such as the low mountain mists time of neutral purple soil, soil moisture, soil nutrient, soil thickness, air humidity are similar with the low mountain of acid purple soil, and only soil pH value reaches 7.23, but wet-land pine tree still can adapt to, so it is better still to grow.The wet-land pine tree timber price is higher at present, and neutral purple soil massif plantation wet-land pine tree is good in economic efficiency.
Table 2 wet-land pine tree pure forest is at different land type growing state monitoring analysis
| The land type sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Land type | Acid purple earthen mound ground | Acid violet sand hillock | Acid purple mound mound | The low mountain of acid purple soil | Neutral purple earthen mound ground | Neutral purple mound mound | The low mountain of neutral purple soil | Calcareous purple rock soil building hillock | Calcareous purple earthen mound ground | Calcareous boccaro earthen mound ground |
| Survival rate/% | 92.00 | 85.00 | 93.00 | 94.00 | 91.00 | 91.00 | 92.00 | 2.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 |
| The 16 years height of tree/m | 8.90 | 8.10 | 8.80 | 9.00 | 8.95 | 8.95 | 8.79 | 1.56 | 1.70 | 1.61 |
| 16 years tree crown/m 2 | 9.15 | 8.05 | 9.20 | 9.42 | 9.10 | 9.10 | 9.15 | 1.57 | 1.76 | 1.65 |
| 16 years crown density/% | 84.3 | 78.10 | 88.10 | 91.50 | 82.10 | 82.50 | 85.00 | 15.00 | 20.50 | 18.00 |
3) different land type China fir growing state monitoring analysis
China fir is evergreen coniferous species, and hydrothermal condition is very important to aerial growth, and soil condition is required strictness, and mud acid basicity is the primary soil condition of China fir growth.Test monitoring is the result show, the China fir pure forest is the highest in the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, be 91.0%, higher by 1.08% than 3,1 and 7,5 and 6,2,8,9, No. 10 land types respectively, 2.17%, 3.30%, 10.5% and 100%, 93.4%, 96.7%; The low mountain of China fir acid purple soil growth rate is the fastest, and annual plant height amount of growth is 1.14m, is respectively 1.1,1.3,1.5,2.4,5.7,4.9,10.4,16.8 times of 3,1,2,7,6,5,9, No. 10 land types; The low mountain of acid purple soil is grown into forest fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 7.9m in 16 years
2, be respectively 1.03,1.36,1.53,4.62,3.16,3.76,6.1,7.18 times of 3,1,2,7,6,5,9, No. 10 land types; Crown density reach 80.5%, are respectively 1.07,1.31,1.38,1.98,2.22,2.56,4,5.2 times (seeing Table 3) of 3,1,2,7,6,5,9, No. 10 land types.At purple soil area, China fir pure forest optimum land type is the low mountain of acid purple soil, secondly be acid purple mound mound, and acid purple earthen mound ground growing way is relatively poor, the low massif hillock of neutral purple soil growing way is very poor, calcareous purple earthen mound ground survival rate is extremely low, and the raise calcareous purple soil of moat of explosion is not seen and survived.The low mountain of acid purple soil soil is faintly acid, and air humidity is bigger, so China fir grows.The growth of the China fir height of tree, in 2～3 years, the under ground portion growth is fast behind the general seedling planting, and aerial growth is slow, and 30～50cm every year grows; The high growth rapidly about life in 3～10 years, average increment reaches 0.5～1.0m, slows down later on.The growth of acid purple soil low mountains and hills China fir is very fast, and better with soil physical property, soil nutrient content enriches relevant.
Table 3 China fir pure forest is at different land type growing state monitoring analysis
| The land type sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Land type | Acid purple earthen mound ground | Acid violet sand hillock | Acid purple mound mound | The low mountain of acid purple soil | Neutral purple earthen mound ground | Neutral purple mound mound | The low mountain of neutral purple soil | Calcareous purple rock soil building hillock | Calcareous purple earthen mound ground | Calcareous boccaro earthen mound ground |
| Survival rate/% | 87.50 | 85.00 | 90.50 | 91.0 | 78.20 | 80.00 | 82.00 | 0 | 6.00 | 3.00 |
| The 16 years height of tree/m | 9.30 | 8.10 | 11.00 | 12.50 | 4.10 | 4.80 | 5.20 | 0 | 2.90 | 2.60 |
| 16 years tree crown/m 2 | 5.80 | 5.10 | 7.65 | 7.90 | 2.10 | 2.50 | 2.71 | 0 | 1.30 | 1.10 |
| 16 years crown density/% | 61.30 | 58.40 | 75.20 | 80.50 | 31.45 | 36.30 | 40.60 | 0 | 20.10 | 15.50 |
4) different land type Japan cypress growing state monitoring analysis
Japan cypress is an aiphyllium, rare tree.But for the domestic common Japan cypress of examination Chamaecyparis Space.Japan cypress is drought-resistant barren, is shallow root seeds, poor growth.Test monitoring is the result show, the Japan cypress pure forest is the highest in the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, is 95.0%, and is higher by 0.53% than 6,2,1 and 5,4, No. 7 land types respectively, 0.55%, 1.06%, 3.26%, 4.40%; Japan cypress is the fastest in the low mountain growth of acid purple soil, and annual plant height amount of growth is 0.25m, is respectively 1.02,1.07,1.12,1.13,1.14,1.16 times of 2,1,6,5,4, No. 7 land types; The low mountain of acid purple soil is grown into forest fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 4.96m in 42 years
2, crown density reach 85%.Though acid purple soil Japan cypress survival rate is the highest, growth rate, to grow into forest fastestly, other land type facial difference is not with it showing (seeing table 4 for details).
Table 4 Japan cypress pure forest is analyzed at different land type growth monitorings
| The land type sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Land type | Acid purple earthen mound ground | Acid violet sand hills | The low mountain of acid purple soil | Neutral purple earthen mound ground | Neutral purple mound mound | The low mountain of neutral purple soil | Calcareous purple earthen mound ground |
| Survival rate/% | 93.00 | 94.00 | 95.00 | 92.00 | 93.00 | 94.50 | 91.00 |
| The 42 years height of tree/m | 10.00 | 10.50 | 10.70 | 9.40 | 9.46 | 9.50 | 9.20 |
| 42 years tree crown/m 2 | 4.71 | 4.85 | 4.96 | 4.55 | 4.60 | 4.65 | 4.10 |
| 42 years crown density/% | 84.00 | 84.50 | 85.00 | 83.00 | 83.50 | 84.00 | 81.00 |
5) different land type cypress growing state monitoring analysis
Cypress is the common coniferous species in neutral purple mound hilllock and calcareous purple earthen mound ground, and is drought-resistant especially barren, and the lateral root and the root prosperity of hanging down can absorb the moisture in the above soil body of D-horizon.The needle evaporation discharge is less, so it is extremely hot and arid to resist in the Hunan purple mound Gang Qu volt autumn.Cypress is good timber forest seeds, and purple sand shale is had special adaptability, and neutrality and calcareous purple soil in that many seeds can not grow have only it can form verdant forest, and purple soil massif maintaining ecological balance is had crucial effect.Experimental test is the result show, the cypress pure forest is the highest on low mountain of neutral purple soil and the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, is 96.5%, next is neutral and acid purple mound mound, minimum is calcareous, neutrality and acid purple earthen mound ground, and survival rate only is lower than 1.5% also up to 95.0% with the soprano.This and hillock district air humidity are little, and the temperature height is relevant; Cypress hangs down native massif mound growth rate hurry up at purple soil, and annual plant height amount of growth is 0.23m, and more neutral purple earthen mound ground is high by 2.01%, and is high by 2.27% than acid purple earthen mound ground, high by 3.5% than calcareous purple earthen mound ground; Low mountain of neutral purple soil and the low mountain of purple soil are grown into forest fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 1.57m in 20 years
2, crown density reach 67.60%～68.55%, calcareous purple earthen mound the slowest (seeing table 5 for details).
Table 5 cypress pure forest is analyzed at different land type growth monitorings
| The land type sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Land type | Acid purple earthen mound ground | Acid violet sand hills | The low mountain of acid purple soil | Neutral purple earthen mound ground | Neutral purple mound mound | The low mountain of neutral purple soil | Calcareous purple earthen mound ground |
| Survival rate/% | 95.00 | 96.00 | 96.50 | 95.00 | 93.00 | 96.50 | 95.00 |
| The 20 years height of tree/m | 4.90 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 4.91 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 4.85 |
| 20 years tree crown/m 2 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.57 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 1.57 | 1.40 |
| 20 years crown density/% | 66.85 | 67.25 | 67.60 | 67.10 | 67.50 | 68.55 | 66.00 |
More than all deeper for examination seeds soil layer, so the survival rate height, growth rate is very fast; And in the shallow location of soil layer, growth rate can be slow a lot.In this case, though the high temperature resistant arid of cypress, but soil water regime still has considerable influence to its growth, the shallow location of soil layer, calcareous purple earthen mound ground, soil moisture potential energy raises because of the pH value is high, and it is more difficult that root system absorbs moisture, therefore, comparatively speaking, calcareous purple earthen mound ground cypress upgrowth situation and forest form are relatively poor.Only manage like this, cypress is still each land type preferential species of tree of purple soil massif, and particularly habitat, calcareous purple earthen mound area is abominable, should select this strong stress resistance seeds.
6) different land type locust tree growing state monitoring analysis
Locust tree is calcareous, neutral purple mound hillock common tree, belongs to shallow root or middle root, pulse family, the root system nitrogen fixing capacity is stronger, and neutral, calcareous purple mound hilllock, soil is phosphorous, potassium is abundant, nitrogen content is few, and soil nutrient helps the locust tree growth, and locust tree has the effect of these soil of improvement.Test monitoring is the result show, the locust tree pure forest is the highest in neutral purple soil low mountains and hills survival rate, is 92%, and calcareous purple earthen mound ground is minimum, only is 91.5%; Locust tree is the fastest in calcareous purple earthen mound ground growth rate, and annual plant height amount of growth is 0.42m, is respectively 1.01,1.02,1.021,1.028,1.044,1.067 times of 6,4 and 5,3,2, No. 1 land types; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground grows into forest fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 6.28m in 13 years
2, crown density reach 90.00%, secondly are neutral purple soil low mountains and hills, acid purple earthen mound ground minimum (seeing Table 6).
Table 6 locust tree pure forest is analyzed at different land type growth monitorings
| The land type sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Land type | Acid purple earthen mound ground | Acid violet sand hills | The low mountain of acid purple soil | Neutral purple earthen mound ground | Neutral purple mound mound | The low mountain of neutral purple soil | Calcareous purple earthen mound ground |
| Survival rate/% | 91.50 | 92.00 | 92.00 | 91.00 | 92.00 | 92.00 | 91.00 |
| The 13 years height of tree/m | 6.65 | 6.80 | 6.90 | 6.95 | 6.95 | 7.00 | 7.10 |
| 13 years tree crown/m 2 | 5.95 | 6.00 | 6.05 | 6.10 | 6.10 | 6.20 | 6.28 |
| 13 years crown density/% | 85.00 | 85.50 | 86.00 | 86.50 | 86.50 | 87.50 | 90.00 |
This is because locust tree happiness calcium, and calcareous purple earthen mound ground soil calcic and phosphorus, potassium nutrition enrich.And acid purple soil calcic, phosphorus are lower.So calcareous purple earthen mound ground and neutral purple soil low mountains and hills are the very suitable land types of locust tree.
7) other arbor species are at different land type growing state monitoring analysis
Other arbor species have 32 kinds of Chinese pistache, camphor tree, sweetgum, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, aleurite montana, cork oak, Chinese tallow tree, Double Ninth Festival wood, China tree, water willow, cryptomeria, silk tree, Chinese elm, sassafras, Quercus acutissima, tung oil tree, sweet osmanthus tree, fishscale bamboo, yellow wingceltis, camplotheca acuminata, wilson dogwood, toothed oak wood, Chinese chestnut, Populus adenopoda, kalopanax septemlobus, Chinese toon, palm, bitter sweet oak, cizu, Schima superba, Albizzia kalkoras etc.These seeds all belong to the water and soil conservation woody plant.Wherein, camphor tree, sweetgum, Schima superba, bitter sweet oak, cork oak, Chinese toon, sassafras etc. belong to important broad-leaved timber forest seeds, fishscale bamboo, cizu, China tree, paper mulberry, Populus adenopoda etc. belong to the cycle industrial material forest seeds, and Chinese tallow tree, tung oil tree, sweet osmanthus tree, palm, Chinese chestnut etc. belong to important economic forest seeds.These seeds all have important exploitation meaning.This research is estimated the method that monitoring result adopts dominant factor to combine with analysis-by-synthesis; Different land type preferents are proposed.Select for use survival rate, year plant height amount of growth, crown diameter, cover degree etc. as monitoring project, the economic forest seeds then mainly with survival rate, economic flow rate as monitoring project.And the suitability grade (seeing Table 7) of dividing different land types and seeds according to certain index.
Suitability grade of the different land type arbor species of table 7 and division index
Illustrate: the local seeds in remarks one hurdle mean the seeds that are grown in this regional optimum land type.
According to the result of each arbor species growing state monitoring of different land types, divide index with table 7 and estimate, draw dissimilar suitability ranks (seeing Table 8) to arbor.
Table 8 arbor species suitability evaluation result
As seen from Table 8, arbors such as the very suitable camphor tree in acid purple earthen mound ground, sweetgum, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, cork oak, Chinese tallow tree, willow, China tree, Quercus acutissima, sweet osmanthus tree, fishscale bamboo, camplotheca acuminata, palm, Albizzia kalkora, willow, to the Double Ninth Festival wood, silk tree, Chinese elm, yellow wingceltis, Chinese chestnut, sassafras, kalopanax septemlobus, cizu, bitter sweet oak very suitable, to aleurite montana, tung oil tree, beech tree, Schima superba, etc. general suitable; The very suitable camphor tree in acid purple mound mound, sweetgum, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, cork oak, Chinese tallow tree, sweet osmanthus tree, fishscale bamboo, camplotheca acuminata, Albizzia kalkora, to Chinese pistache, the Double Ninth Festival wood, willow, China tree, Chinese elm, sassafras, yellow wingceltis, Chinese chestnut, kalopanax septemlobus, palm, cizu, bitter sweet oak very suitable, generally suitable to aleurite montana, oily shaddock, beech tree, Schima superba; The low mountain of acid purple soil is very suitable to camphor tree, sweetgum, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, cork oak, Chinese tallow tree, tung oil tree, sweet osmanthus tree, fishscale bamboo, Albizzia kalkora, to Chinese pistache, aleurite montana, the Double Ninth Festival wood, China tree, silk tree, Chinese elm, sassafras, yellow wingceltis, camplotheca acuminata, beech tree, Chinese chestnut, kalopanax septemlobus, palm, cizu, bitter sweet oak very suitable, generally suitable to willow, Schima superba; Neutral purple earthen mound ground to yellow wingceltis, Chinese chestnut, willow, kalopanax septemlobus, palm, Chinese pistache, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, Chinese tallow tree, the Double Ninth Festival wood, China tree, silk tree, Chinese elm, Quercus acutissima very suitable, very suitable to camphor tree, cork oak, tung oil tree, sweet osmanthus tree, camplotheca acuminata, beech tree, bitter sweet oak, Albizzia kalkora, generally suitable to sweetgum, aleurite montana, sassafras, fishscale bamboo, wilson dogwood, toothed oak wood, cizu, Schima superba; Neutral purple mound mound to Chinese pistache, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, Chinese tallow tree, the Double Ninth Festival wood, silk tree, Chinese elm, Quercus acutissima, tung oil tree, yellow wingceltis, Chinese chestnut, kalopanax septemlobus very suitable, very suitable to camphor tree, aleurite montana, cork oak, China tree, sweet osmanthus tree, camplotheca acuminata, wilson dogwood, toothed oak wood, beech tree, willow, palm, bitter sweet oak, Albizzia kalkora, generally suitable to sweetgum, sassafras, fishscale bamboo, cizu, Schima superba; Neutral purple mound mound to Chinese pistache, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, Chinese tallow tree, the Double Ninth Festival wood, silk tree, Chinese elm, Quercus acutissima, tung oil tree, yellow wingceltis, Chinese chestnut, kalopanax septemlobus very suitable, generally suitable to sweetgum, sassafras, fishscale bamboo, cizu, Schima superba; The low mountain of neutral purple soil to Chinese pistache, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, Chinese tallow tree, the Double Ninth Festival wood, silk tree, Chinese elm, Quercus acutissima, tung oil tree, yellow wingceltis, wilson dogwood, toothed oak wood, Chinese chestnut, kalopanax septemlobus very suitable, very suitable to camphor tree, aleurite montana, cork oak, China tree, sweet osmanthus tree, camplotheca acuminata, bitter sweet oak, Albizzia kalkora, generally suitable to sweetgum, sassafras, fishscale bamboo, willow, cizu, Schima superba; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground to Chinese pistache, Chinese parasol tree, paper mulberry, the Double Ninth Festival wood, China tree, Chinese elm, yellow wingceltis, palm very suitable, very suitable to silk tree, Quercus acutissima, willow, tung oil tree, camplotheca acuminata, kalopanax septemlobus, to camphor tree, aleurite montana, cork oak, Chinese tallow tree, sweet osmanthus tree, toothed oak wood, beech tree, Chinese chestnut, bitter sweet oak, Albizzia kalkora are generally suitable.Camphor tree has aetiolation containing the lime soil blade, and it is higher, difficult infested to be grown in the Chinese tallow tree that contains on the lime soil oil content of setting seeds.So the Chinese tallow tree that plant on calcareous purple earthen mound ground is more.Experimental study shows that the very suitable arbor species in calcareous purple earthen mound ground are minimum.
(2) the shrub plant The selection result is analyzed
For 22 plant species such as having of the shrub perfume of testing, lilac daphne, white oak, Chinese sumac, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, fiery sour jujube (Fortune Firethorn Fruit), five-leaved chaste tree bar, oil tea, red bayberry, Largeleaf Ehretia, Smallfruit Rose Root, Chinese Abelia, Glochidion puberum, shrubby flase indigo, macartney rose, Cape jasmine wood, Coriaria sinica, thunberg lespedeza, horse bones of the dead, bitter manger's wood, Eurya plant wood, tealeaves trees, adopt suitable test and the investigation methods of giving birth to of arbor, The selection result sees Table 9.
Table 9 shrub species suitability evaluation result
Find out by table 9, acid purple earthen mound ground is very suitable to Chinese sumac, white oak, oil tea, Smallfruit Rose Root, Glochidion puberum, macartney rose, Cape jasmine wood, Coriaria sinica, Eurya plant wood, lilac daphne, change perfume, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, fiery sour jujube, five-leaved chaste tree bar, Largeleaf Ehretia, Chinese Abelia, shrubby flase indigo, bitter manger wood are very suited, and it is generally suitable that thunberg lespedeza, tealeaves are set; Acid purple mound mound is very suitable to changing perfume (or spice), white oak, Chinese sumac, oil tea, Largeleaf Ehretia, Smallfruit Rose Root, Glochidion puberum, macartney rose, Loropetalum wood, Coriaria sinica, horse bones of the dead, Eurya plant wood, and is good suitable to lilac daphne, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, fiery sour jujube, five-leaved chaste tree bar, Chinese Abelia, shrubby flase indigo, thunberg lespedeza, bitter manger's wood, tealeaves tree; The low mountain of acid purple soil is very suitable to changing perfume (or spice), lilac daphne, white oak, Chinese sumac, fiery sour jujube, Largeleaf Ehretia, Smallfruit Rose Root, Chinese Abelia, Glochidion puberum, macartney rose, Cape jasmine wood, Coriaria sinica, thunberg lespedeza, horse bones of the dead, Eurya plant wood, tealeaves tree, and is good suitable to Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, five-leaved chaste tree bar, shrubby flase indigo, bitter manger wood; Neutral purple earthen mound ground is very suitable to white oak, Chinese sumac, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, five-leaved chaste tree bar, Smallfruit Rose Root, Chinese Abelia, Glochidion puberum, shrubby flase indigo, macartney rose, horse bones of the dead, bitter manger's wood, very suitable to changing perfume (or spice), lilac daphne, fiery sour jujube, Largeleaf Ehretia, Loropetalum wood, Coriaria sinica, thunberg lespedeza, general suitable to Eurya plant wood, tealeaves is not suitable for; Neutral purple mound mound is very suitable to changing perfume (or spice), lilac daphne, white oak, Chinese sumac, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, thunberg lespedeza, horse bones of the dead, bitter manger's wood, and is very suitable to Loropetalum wood, Coriaria sinica, general suitable to Eurya plant wood, and tealeaves is not suitable for; The low mountain of neutral purple soil is very suitable to changing perfume (or spice), Yuanization, white oak, Chinese sumac, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, fiery sour jujube, five-leaved chaste tree bar, Largeleaf Ehretia, Smallfruit Rose Root, Chinese Abelia, Glochidion puberum, shrubby flase indigo, macartney rose, thunberg lespedeza, horse bones of the dead, bitter manger's wood, very suitable to Loropetalum wood, Coriaria sinica, general suitable to Eurya plant wood, oil tea, tealeaves are not suitable for; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground is very suitable to Chinese sumac, five-leaved chaste tree bar, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, shrubby flase indigo, fiery sour jujube, Smallfruit Rose Root, Chinese Abelia, Glochidion puberum, bitter manger wood are very suited, Largeleaf Ehretia, change perfume, white oak, Smallfruit Rose Root, thunberg lespedeza are generally suited, suitable inadequately to lilac daphne, Loropetalum wood, Coriaria sinica, horse bones of the dead, oil tea, tealeaves are not suitable for very much.In this case, the very suitable shrub species in calcareous purple earthen mound ground is minimum.Calcareous purple earthen mound ground Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, five-leaved chaste tree bar are many, are because this land type habitat is abominable, and a lot of arbors, shrub are difficult to adapt to, and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, five-leaved chaste tree bar strong stress resistance, germinating power is strong.Mesquite happiness calcium, neutral purple soil and calcareous purple soil calcic are more, phosphorus potassium is abundant, thus mesquite on hilllock, neutral purple mound low mountain and calcareous purple earthen mound ground give birth to very good.The tea oil tree fertility of acid purple mound hillock does very well the oil production height.Low camellia leaf-making quantity of acid purple soil and quality are all good.
(3) fruit tree and green manure The selection result are analyzed
For the examination fruit tree is a kind of apple Lee, persimmon, jujube tree, oranges and tangerines, orange tree, grapefruit, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee, huge honeybee grape, and monitoring project is survival rate, economic flow rate.Green manure coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea are then measured survival rate, grass yield.Monitoring result sees Table 10.
Find out by table 10, very suitable a kind of apple Lee in acid purple earthen mound ground, persimmon, jujube tree, oranges and tangerines, orange tree, grapefruit, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee, huge honeybee grape growth, very suitable to coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, it is good to need liming and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer just to grow; Very suitable a kind of apple Lee in acid purple mound mound, persimmon, jujube tree, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee growth, very suitable to oranges and tangerines, orange tree, grapefruit, huge honeybee grape, coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, because the gradient is bigger, soil layer is more shallow, it is restricted to deep-cut the moat of raising, irrigate difficulty, the fruit tree high-yield condition is subjected to certain restriction; Leguminous greenmanuring crop is mainly lower because of soil calcic, phosphorus, and growth and biomass are affected; The low mountain of acid purple soil is very suitable to jujube tree, because of jujube tree more drought-resistant, belong to the shallow root seeds, very suitable to green manure such as fruit trees such as a kind of apple Lee, persimmon, oranges and tangerines, orange tree, grapefruit, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee, huge honeybee grape and coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpeas, generally suitable to huge honeybee grape, main cause is to irrigate more difficultly, and neutral purple earthen mound ground is to all very suitable for examination fruit tree and green manure kind; Neutral purple mound mound is all very suitable to green manure crops such as fruit tree such as a kind of apple Lee, persimmon, jujube tree, loquat, nectarine tree, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee and coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpeas, since the fruit picking before the volt autumn, arid arrived of these fruit trees, and green manure crop cause and effect tree is irrigated the demand that has just satisfied moisture; The low mountain of neutral purple soil is very suitable to jujube tree and green manure, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon, oranges and tangerines, orange tree, grapefruit, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Li Liang are suited, this mainly is because soil layer is thinner, root growth is restricted, and irrigation conditions is poor, generally suitable to huge honeybee grape, also because irrigation conditions is poor; But it is all very suitable to coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground is all very suitable for examination fruit tree and green manure kind to all.
It is the highest that huge honeybee grape is planted between the good purple earthen mound of drainage condition valley floor output, and it is best to be planted in the purple soil slope quality.The validity of Tan Zishan town calcareous purple soil magnesium is low, and oranges and tangerines, orange are set, grapefruit magnesium deficiency symptom is more serious, need execute fertiliser containing magnesium [9].Neutral purple soil and calcareous purple soil calcic, phosphorus, potassium are abundant, are coronule flower, crotalaria mucronata, the optimum soil of India's cowpea.Coronule flower nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, plants coronule between general orchard and spends 2 years not nitrogen fertilizer applications; Life-span reaches 60 years, and the joint on the branch be attached on the earth can root of hair, the branch growth of crawling, every year is can long 2m long, thereby purple soil orchard ladder wall is had water and soil conservation, preserving temperature and reducing temperature effect, is the desirable green manure plant in ecological orchard.Crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea are the highest green manure of purple soil hills mountain area biomass.So, wide at these three kinds of green manure promotion prospects of purple soil area.
Table 10 fruit tree species and green manure plant suitability evaluation result
(4) the herbaceous plant The selection result is analyzed
For the examination herbaceous plant 28 kinds of green foxtail, Bermuda grass, the assorted Bermuda grass of bank, hairy flowered paspalum, napier grass, day lily, Chinese alpine rush, perennial ryegrass, Hemarthria compressa, Sudan grass, centipede grass, eleusine indica, clover, alfalfa, daghestan sweet clover, vetiver, paspalum notatum, kudzu, Herba Themedae japonicae, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, awns, tangerine grass, wild oat, giantreed, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Asiatic plantain, selfheal growth, yellow sweet clovers etc. are arranged, the mensuration project is the bright careless output of survival rate and above ground portion, and monitoring result is as shown in table 11.
By table 11 as seen, the very suitable green foxtail in acid purple earthen mound ground, Chinese alpine rush, hairy flowered paspalum, eleusine indica, kudzu, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, yellow sweet clover, awns, wild swallow table, daghestan sweet clover, giantreed, vetiver, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, to Bermuda grass, the bank Bermuda grass of mixing, napier grass, day lily, Sudan grass, centipede grass, clover, Herba Themedae japonicae, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, the tangerine grass is good suitable, to day lily, alfalfa is generally suitable, to perennial ryegrass, Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum is very unsuitable, acid purple mound mound is to green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, daghestan sweet clover, vetiver, kudzu, Chinese alpine rush, awns, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, wild oat, giantreed, Asiatic plantain, yellow sweet clover is very suitable, to Bermuda grass, the bank Bermuda grass of mixing, napier grass, Sudan grass, centipede grass, clover, Herba Themedae japonicae, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, the tangerine grass is good suitable, to day lily, alfalfa is generally suitable, to perennial ryegrass, Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum is very unsuitable; The low mountain of acid purple soil is very suitable to green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, eleusine indica, Chinese alpine rush, daghestan sweet clover, awns, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, wild oat, vetiver, giantreed, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow vanilla wood Xie, Bermuda grass, the assorted Bermuda grass of bank, napier grass, centipede grass, clover, Herba Themedae japonicae, tangerine grass are very suited, generally suitable to perennial ryegrass, Sudan grass, alfalfa, very unsuitable to day lily, Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum; Neutral purple earthen mound ground is very suitable to green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, Chinese alpine rush, centipede grass, eleusine indica, clover, vetiver wooden slippers, kudzu, awns, giantreed, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow sweet clover, to Bermuda grass, the assorted Bermuda grass of bank, napier grass, day lily, Sudan grass, alfalfa, Herba Themedae japonicae, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka are very suitable, and be very unsuitable to perennial ryegrass, pizzle, paspalum notatum; Neutral purple mound mound is very suitable to green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, Chinese alpine rush, centipede grass, eleusine indica, clover, giantreed, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow sweet clover; Bermuda grass, the assorted Bermuda grass of bank, napier grass, Sudan grass, alfalfa, Herba Themedae japonicae, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, tangerine grass are very suited, generally suitable to day lily, very unsuitable to perennial ryegrass, Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum; The low mountain of neutral purple soil is very suitable to green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, Chinese alpine rush, centipede grass, eleusine indica, clover, daghestan sweet clover, vetiver, kudzu, awns, giantreed, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow sweet clover, Bermuda grass, the assorted Bermuda grass of bank, lucern, Herba Themedae japonicae, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, tangerine grass are very suited, to perennial ryegrass, Sudan grass, general suitable, very unsuitable to day lily, Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground is very suitable to green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, Chinese alpine rush, centipede grass, eleusine indica, clover, daghestan sweet clover, vetiver, kudzu, awns, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, wild oat, giantreed, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow noon daghestan sweet clover, good suitable to Bermuda grass, Bermuda grass of bank, napier grass, day lily, Sudan grass, alfalfa, Herba Themedae japonicae, tangerine grass, very suitable or be not suitable for to perennial ryegrass, Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum.
Find out also that by table 11 green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, Chinese alpine rush, eleusine indica, daghestan sweet clover, vetiver, kudzu, awns, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, wild oat, giantreed, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow sweet clover are all grown fine in all purple soil hummock ground types; Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum are all grown relatively poor in all purple soil hummock ground types.
Test shows: day lily is planted in the well-drained purple soil rice field, and it is fine to grow; The napier grass kind helps increasing cane output on purple soil, improve fiber content, belongs to and makes high-grade paper fibrous raw material; The assorted Bermuda grass of Bermuda grass, bank, Hemarthria compressa be in each land type of purple soil massif, if any irrigation, and also can well-grown.
Therefore, can select for use green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, eleusine indica, daghestan sweet clover, yellow sweet clover etc. to recover pioneer's grass seeds of vegetation cover, select for use vetiver, Chinese alpine rush, giantreed, awns, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli as each land type plant of purple soil massif hedge grass seeds alive as each land type of purple soil massif; Potassium is abundant to help improving fiber production and quality because of purple soil contains, and can select for use napier grass, Wang Jiemang as the paper making raw material grass seeds; Selfheal, plantago Chinese herbal medicine can extensively be planted at purple soil; Bank assorted Bermuda grass, Hemarthria compressa, a Hemarthria compressa belong to good Artificial grass, by pond on a hill, reservoir, soil liquid manure situation such as the raised path through fields is good, or plant on the land type of being convenient to irrigate, and are used to breed fish.
Alfalfa is good artificial grass, and is significant to purple soil area development cattle-raising; But alfalfa is a phreatophyte, and the purple soil slope soil layer is thinner, thereby the slope grass yield is not high.
Each grass seeds suitability evaluation grade of table 11
(3) mixed forest is at different land type growing state monitoring analysis
Mixed forest has 4 groups of locust tree and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, cypress and shrubby flase indigo, China tree and shrubby flase indigo, masson pine and locust trees, preceding 3 groups respectively on acid purple earthen mound ground, neutral purple earthen mound ground, the test of calcareous purple earthen mound ground; One group of back respectively on acid purple earthen mound ground, neutral purple earthen mound ground tests, because of masson pine survival rate on calcareous purple soil is very low, so do not establish test.The results are shown in Table 12.
(1) locust tree and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia mixed forest growing state monitoring analysis
Test monitoring is the result show, locust tree and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia mixed forest on acid purple earthen mound ground, neutral purple earthen mound ground, calcareous purple earthen mound ground survival rate is substantially the same, the locust tree survival rate is all high by 7.10% than pure forest in the mixed forest; It is the fastest that mixed friendship is configured in calcareous purple earthen mound ground growth rate, and a year branch average increment is 0.89m, is respectively acid purple earthen mound ground, neutral purple earthen mound ground 1.14,1.13 times; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground grows into forest fastest, 3 years crown canopy area average out to 3.33m
2, crown density reach 67.65%, are acid purple earthen mound ground and neutral purple earthen mound ground 1.04,1.01 times.Locust tree and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia are mixed with the tall configuration of irritating, also be deep-rootedness or middle root and shallow root, extending transversely very wide and extending transversely extensively, pulse family and non-Leguminosae tree dispose, and can make full use of water and nutrient and different elements in the soil; Locust tree has rhizobium, has promoted the growth of Vitex negundo var cannabifolia; Locust tree happiness calcium, phosphorus, potassium thereby best in the growth of calcareous purple earthen mound ground; Because the nitrogen fixation of locust tree rhizobium has improved soil fertility, has changed soil physico-chemical property, make Vitex negundo var cannabifolia better than single Vitex negundo var cannabifolia pure forest growth in mixed forest.
(2) cypress and purple fringe mixed forest growing state monitoring analysis
Test monitoring is the result show, cypress in mixed forest than cypress pure forest survival rate height; Cypress and shrubby flase indigo mixed forest are the highest in acid purple earthen mound survival rate, are 97.0% and 98.1%, and wherein the cypress survival rate is than neutral purple earthen mound ground and calcareous purple earthen mound ground high 0.5% and 1.0%; It is the fastest that mixed friendship is configured in calcareous purple earthen mound ground growth, and a year branch average increment is 0.39m, is 2.44,1.08 times on acid purple earthen mound ground, calcareous purple earthen mound ground; Cypress and the shrubby flase indigo mixed forest speed of growing into forest is less on calcareous purple earthen mound ground and neutral purple earthen mound ground difference, and the crown canopy area reached 3.25m respectively in 3 years
2And 3.20m
2, all obviously fast than acid purple earthen mound ground, be respectively 1.04,1.02 times on acid purple earthen mound ground, crown density reach 34.99%, 33.85% respectively, are 1.13,1.09 times on acid purple earthen mound ground.Cypress and shrubby flase indigo all are anti-calcareous seeds, on the shrubby flase indigo root system root nodule are arranged, and the fixed nitrogen ability of improving the soil is stronger, nitrogen, the phosphorus content of soil improve greatly, promoted the growth of cypress, and neutral purple soil and calcareous purple soil phosphorus, potassium content is higher than acid purple soil, favourable to plant growing; Cypress and shrubby flase indigo mix hands over, and hands over for Qiao irritates to mix, and has increased biological solid and has utilized level; Cypress well developed root system, shrubby flase indigo are the shallow root seeds, and mixed friendship can make full use of the moisture and the nutrient of different depth in the soil.On each land type, cypress mixes double ratio pure forest fast growth.
(3) China tree and shrubby flase indigo mixed forest growing state monitoring analysis
Test monitoring is the result show, China tree and shrubby flase indigo mixed forest survival rate on 3 kinds of land types is very approaching, has only China tree higher a little in acid purple earthen mound ground survival rate; Mixed forest is the fastest in calcareous purple earthen mound ground growth rate, and a year branch average increment is 0.84m, is 1.25,1.05 times on acid purple earthen mound ground and neutral purple earthen mound ground; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground and neutral purple soil hummock ground grow into forest fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 6.13m in 3 years
2And 5.79m
2, crown density are 64.11% and 60.33%, are 1.09,1.03 times on acid purple earthen mound ground.China tree and shrubby flase indigo are mixed with the tall configuration of irritating.China tree is deep-rootedness, dark horizontal walk type, non-pulse family, anti-limy soil seeds, shrubby flase indigo is shallow root, shallow horizontal walk type, pulse family, happiness calcium seeds, therefore this configuration also is dark root and shallow root, pulse family and the configuration of non-Leguminosae tree, can not only make full use of the moisture and the nutrient of different soil in the soil, the shrubby flase indigo root system has rhizobium energy fixed nitrogen, promotes the China tree growth; The China tree growth can work the effect of shading than shrubby flase indigo is tall and big rapidly, helps the shrubby flase indigo growth, and both mix and hand over improving the soil, and is particularly very favourable to improvement calcareous purple soil.
(4) masson pine and locust tree mixed forest condition monitoring are analyzed
Test monitoring is the result show, masson pine and locust tree mixed forest are the highest in acid purple earthen mound ground survival rate, be 97.0% and 98.0%, than acid purple earthen mound ground Pinus massoniana forest high 2.11% and 2.30%, than neutral purple earthen mound ground difference high 1.04% and 2.08%; Mixed forest is the fastest in acid purple earthen mound ground growth rate, and average annual trunk amount of growth is 0.97m, is 1.01 times on neutral purple earthen mound ground, and is just quicker slightly; Neutral purple earthen mound ground grows into forest fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 8.42m in 3 years
2, crown density reach 42.76%, but the 3 years crown canopy areas in acid purple earthen mound ground also have 7.61m
2, very approaching with neutral purple earthen mound ground.From masson pine, survival rate height on acid purple soil, growth is fast, and the speed of growing into forest is also fast; And survival rate is low slightly on neutral purple soil, and growth rate is relative with the speed of growing into forest slow slightly; But in the mixed forest, the masson pine survival rate is improved, and because of locust tree is a Leguminosae tree, middle root, root system is slightly shallow than masson pine, masson pine not only can not compete soil moisture and nutrient with locust tree like this, can obtain the nitrogen that the locust tree root nodule provides on the contrary, thereby growth rate gets a promotion with the speed of growing into forest.On the other hand from locust tree, neutral purple soil is phosphorous, potassium, calcium carbonate are many than acid purple soil, has promoted the growth of locust tree, locust tree crown canopy area is bigger than masson pine, thereby has remedied masson pine is subjected to the acid-base value restriction on neutral purple soil defective.The result that two aspects are comprehensive, neutral purple earthen mound ground masson pine and locust tree mixed forest grow into forest speed slightly faster than acid purple earthen mound ground.
(5) rule is put in the mixed mating of mixed forest
With arbor and shrub, deep-rootedness and shallow root, horizontal type and the vertical-type mixed configuration walked of pulse family and non-pulse family, root system to make full use of ecological niche advantage separately, obtains economic optimum.
Locust tree and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, cypress and shrubby flase indigo, China tree and shrubby flase indigo, masson pine and locust tree are 4 kinds of main friendship modes of mixing in purple mound hilllock district in the Hunan, preceding 3 kinds on acid purple earthen mound ground, neutral purple earthen mound ground, calcareous purple earthen mound ground all adapts to very much, and is especially more outstanding with calcareous purple earthen mound ground; 1 kind of back on acid purple earthen mound ground, all very adaptations of neutral purple earthen mound ground, but incompatibility calcareous purple earthen mound ground.Mountain area, purple soil hills in the Hunan, calcareous purple earthen mound area maximum, vegetation deterioration and water and soil loss are also very serious.These 4 kinds mixed friendship patterns and technical economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit are all very remarkable, and low mountain, purple mound hilllock in Hunan forest cover is rebuild, and the developing ecology industry has crucial meaning, can large tracts of land promote.
Above experimental studies results shows, Qiao is irritated grass planting on optimum and relatively more suitable purple soil massif type, and survival rate can improve greatly: (1) arbor class, and Pinus massoniana forest is best on the low mountain of acid purple soil, and survival rate is the highest, reaches 98%; Next is acid purple mound mound, hillock, and survival rate reaches 97～95%, and is high by 78～83% than calcareous purple earthen mound ground; Wet-land pine tree is the highest in the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, reaches 94%, secondly is the low massif hillock of acid purple mound mound, hillock and neutral purple soil, and is high by 73～92% than calcareous purple earthen mound ground survival rate; The Japan cypress pure forest is the highest in the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, reach 95%, next is the low mountain of neutral purple soil, acid violet sand hills, acid purple earthen mound ground, hillock, neutral purple mound mound, survival rate 92～94.5%, and the calcareous purple earthen mound ground that survival rate is minimum is high by 2～4%; The cypress pure forest is the highest in neutrality and the low mountain of acid purple soil survival rate, reaches 96.5%, and calcareous purple earthen mound ground survival rate is minimum, but also has 95.0%; All 91～92%, the low mountain of purple soil is height slightly in acid and neutral calcareous purple soil massif hillock survival rate for locust tree, and the purple soil hillock is lower slightly; All more than 90%, more critical suitable purple soil massif type is high more than 45% in optimum purple soil massif type survival rate for other arbor species; (2) shrub class, all more than 90%, more critical suitable purple soil massif survival rate is high more than 45% in the survival rate of optimum purple soil massif type for 22 kinds of shrubs; Calcareous purple earthen mound ground is very unsuitable to many seeds, but to Anacardiaceae seeds (comprising Rhus succedanea), Vitex negundo var cannabifolia, five-leaved chaste tree bar, shrubby flase indigos such as Chinese sumac optimum all, survival rate is more than 95%; These shrubs should be calcareous purple earthen mound field planting pioneer tree species; (3) fruit tree and green manure class, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon, jujube tree, phase tangerine, orange tree, grapefruit, loquat, nectarine, Lee Blang, white sugar Lee, huge honeybee grape in acid, neutral, calcareous purple earthen mound ground survival rate all more than 95%, and lower slightly in neutrality, the native low mountain of acid purple survival rate; (4) herbaceous plant, green foxtail, hairy flowered paspalum, eleusine indica, daghestan sweet clover, vetiver, kudzu, awns, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, perennial ryegrass, giantreed, Asiatic plantain, selfheal, yellow sweet clover on all purple soil massif hilllocks at type survival rate height all, more than 90%; And Hemarthria compressa, paspalum notatum in all purple soil massif type survival rates all below 90%; (5) mixed forest all is significantly improved than pure forest survival rate, and locust tree is higher by 7.10% than pure forest in all kinds of purple soil massif survival rates with the Vitex negundo var cannabifolia mixed forest; Cypress is higher by 2～3.5% than pure forest survival rate with the shrubby flase indigo mixed forest; China tree is higher by 4.1～5% than pure forest with purple fringe Chinese scholartree mixed forest survival rate; Masson pine is higher by 1～3% than pure forest with locust tree mixed forest survival rate.Wherein, locust tree and Vitex negundo var cannabifolia mixed forest are all high in acid, neutrality, calcareous purple earthen mound ground survival rate, about 98%; Cypress and shrubby flase indigo mixed forest are only high by 0.1% than other types in acid purple earthen mound ground survival rate, but all reach 96.0～98%, and China tree and shrubby flase indigo mixed forest are basic identical in each purple soil massif type survival rate; Masson pine and locust tree mixed forest survival rate are the highest on acid purple earthen mound ground, and be higher by 1～2% than neutral purple earthen mound ground.
Above experimental studies results shows that also various woody plants and herbaceous plant are configured in optimum purple soil massif type, and the growth rate and the speed of growing into forest are significantly accelerated.Masson pine is the fastest in the low mountain of acid purple soil growth rate, and average annual amount of growth is 0.86m, is 1.03～11.88 times of other land types.Wet-land pine tree grows into forest fastest on the low mountain of acid purple soil, average annual plant height amount of growth is 0.56m, 16 years crown canopy area 9.42m
2, crown density reach 91.5%, are respectively 1.04～6.10 times of other types, and China fir is the fastest in the low mountain of acid purple soil growth rate, and annual plant height amount of growth is 1.14m, is 1.1～16.8 times of other types; The crown canopy area reached 7.9m in 16 years
2, be 1.03～7.18 times of other land types.Japan cypress is the fastest in the low mountain growth of acid purple soil, and it is fastest to grow into forest, and annual plant height amount of growth is 0.25m, is 1.02～1.16 times of other land types, and the crown canopy area reached 4.96m in 42 years
2, cypress is very fast in purple soil low mountain growth, and annual plant height amount of growth is 0.23m, and is high by 2.02%～3.5% than other land types, and the growth of calcareous purple earthen mound ground is the slowest.Locust tree is the fastest in calcareous purple earthen mound ground growth rate, and mean annual precipitation is 0.42m, is 1.01～1.07 times of other land types; The speed of growing into forest is also the fastest, and the crown canopy area reached 6.28m in 13 years
2, crown density reach 90.00%.Calcareous purple earthen mound ground is the extremely land type of difficulty of forestation planting grass, and locust tree can be the chief species of this class land vegetation recovery.Other seeds are planted in optimum land type, and growth rate and the speed of growing into forest are respectively 1.05～1.5 times and 1.1～5.5 times of general suitable land type.Mixed forest is 1.15～2.5 times of general suitable soil at optimum land type growing stock.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of purple massif forestation planting grass contraposition configuration and the mixed cultivation method of handing over, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: (1) divides land type, according to the Acidity of Aikalinity in soil and lithology, the soil erosion, soil thickness feature and landforms purple massif soil is carried out type and divides; (2) seeds and grass seed selection by the selection test of different land type reproducting tree species of purple massif and grass seeds, filter out the seeds and the grass seeds of suitable all kinds of respectively purple land type growths, indicate the suitable degree of these seeds grass seeds to each land type; (3) the seeds grass seeds docks configuration with land type, and corresponding seeds grass seeds is disposed on optimum or the relatively suitable land type; (4) the mixed mating of forest is put, mix the friendship test by the different land type forests of purple soil hilly and mountainous land, filter out different purple soil massif type mixed forests and distribute pattern rationally, with arbor and shrub, pulse family and non-pulse family, dark root system and shallow root system, the horizontal type and vertical-type, solid soil type and the mixed friendship of the type seeds of improving the soil walked.
2, purple massif forestation planting grass contraposition configuration according to claim 1 and the mixed cultivation method of handing over is characterized in that, in described (1) step, divide land type by 1: 1 ten thousand engineer's scale.
3, purple massif forestation planting grass contraposition configuration according to claim 1 and 2 and the mixed cultivation method of handing over, it is characterized in that, in described (1) step, purple massif soil is divided into acid purple earthen mound ground, acid violet sand hillock, acid purple mound mound, the low mountain of acid purple soil, neutral purple earthen mound ground, neutral purple mound mound, neutral purple soil hangs down ten types on mountain, calcareous purple rock soil building hillock, calcareous purple earthen mound ground, calcareous boccaro earthen mound ground.
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