CN104396688A - Building method of masson pine superior line breeding experimental forest - Google Patents
Building method of masson pine superior line breeding experimental forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396688A CN104396688A CN201410620138.1A CN201410620138A CN104396688A CN 104396688 A CN104396688 A CN 104396688A CN 201410620138 A CN201410620138 A CN 201410620138A CN 104396688 A CN104396688 A CN 104396688A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a building method of a masson pine superior line breeding experimental forest. The method comprises the following steps of selection and cleaning of an afforestation land, planning of the afforestation land, test design and layout, preparation and planting of seedlings, setting of test marking plates, later management and protection, and establishing and management of files. The method has the advantages that by sufficiently utilizing the terrain and landform features of the afforestation land, the experimental forest is scientifically built in a high-standard and high-efficiency way according to the local conditions, so the building level of the experimental forest is improved, the accuracy and reliability of the experiment data and the strictness of scientific research are guaranteed, the strong guidance function is realized for the construction of fine seed base seed gardens, seed stand and germplasm resource collection databases and the building of experimental forests and demonstration forests of the scientific search and production units in the regions with complicated terrains and landforms at the southern area of China, and the important application value and realistic meaning are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting afforestation field, relate to a kind of construction method of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods.
Background technology
Masson pine is the main reproducting tree species of one's native land of south China, have a very wide distribution, area under cultivation ranks among the best, stronger to the adaptability of weather and environment, more extensive in building materials, papermaking, chemical industry and field of medicaments purposes, be not only excellent construction material, also be excellent paper making raw material and staple fibre board raw material simultaneously, may be used in addition producing rosin, turpentine wet goods chemical products, pine needle can extract aromatic oil, and pollen pini can be processed into many health products and medical medicament etc. of preventing and curing diseases.Therefore, the commerical tree species that masson pine is still unexcellent are also important economic trees simultaneously, in the life of south China national product, play very important effect.In recent years, along with society is to the swift and violent surge of breeding demand, Guangxi increases dynamics and the degree of depth of the work of masson pine fine-variety breeding, produce fat for masson pine, with material, resist more, the merit such as fast-growing carried out comprehensive improvement and election effects work, built large-area masson pine excellent strain selected test woods.But because south China alpine terrain is complicated and changeable and the impact of the conventional afforestation mode of use, the most poor management of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods of construction, forest land availability is low, serious waste of resources, scientific and technological content is not high, common manifestation is that forest or line numbers are chaotic, repeat imperfect, mixed and disorderly and the sylvan life weeds of forest form are overgrown with bushes, this creates impact to the normal growth of forest to a certain extent, staff even can be allowed at a loss as to what to do when collecting data, thus affect accuracy and the reliability of test data, whole test is caused to fall flat, this is very disadvantageous concerning forestry scientific research particularly fine-variety breeding work.
Therefore, before construction masson pine excellent strain selected test woods, reply planting site carries out planning of science activities and rational deployment, science determines afforestation mode and configuration mode, high standard high level construction pilot forest, so not only can ensure accuracy and the reliability of pilot forest later stage test data, can also alleviate the work load of scientific research personnel to a great extent, increase work efficiency, accelerate masson pine excellent strain fine-variety breeding process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, accuracy and the reliability of a kind of energy lifting test woods configuration level and guarantee later stage scientific research test data are provided, alleviate scientific research personnel's work load, improve the construction method of the masson pine excellent strain selected test woods of work and fine-variety breeding efficiency.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of construction method of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods, comprise plantation measures and cleaning, planting site are planned, experimental scheme and layout, nursery stock prepare and plant, set up test mark board, final management and maintenance, archives to set up the operation with management, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) plantation measures and cleaning:
Select traffic convenience, site index more than 16, the gradient is below 20 °, and gently, the poor cutting blank of chad, cuts down weeds shrub afterwards physical features and logging slash bunch is cleared up;
(2) planting site planning:
(1) vertical curve is directed: at planting site upward slope distance of positions fire forest belt 2 ~ 3m place erection compass, mark post red and white is established in descending position, moving left and right mark post makes compass approximate vertical with horizontal direction with mark post line direction, compass angular values is recorded after determining mark post position, then with compass belpharoedema position for starting point, by compass angular values, accurate orientation is carried out by measurement rope pull-out 20 ~ 25m distance, rope is measured in now tension, ground proximity is made it, in order to avoid there is comparatively big error under foreign disturbed condition; Mark planting site on corresponding scale along measurement rope lime or powder of lacquer putty for use on by the afforestation line-spacing of design, line of this mark is vertical curve;
(2) horizontal line is directed: the mark position on fixed vertical curve sets up compass respectively, add and subtract 90 ° of directions by vertical curve angular values and carry out horizontal line orientation respectively, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measurement rope lime or powder of lacquer putty for use on by the afforestation spacing in the rows of design, line of this mark is horizontal line;
(3) bank is put: on the point that planting site has marked, set up compass, vertically complete full wafer planting site mark with horizontal direction by first retainer and design afforestation seeding row spacing respectively, between gauge point, control errors is no more than 30cm, if error is excessive, otherwise when operate errorless can from horizontal direction be changed to vertical direction or, complete full wafer planting site mark;
(4) dig bank and put fertilizer: plantation bank adopts specification to be the large bank of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, and centered by planting site lime or powder of lacquer putty for use on gauge point, dig bank, after digging bank, every bank puts into 0.5kg phosphate fertilizer as base manure, and banket back bank;
(3) experimental scheme and layout:
(1) experimental scheme: adopt randomised block design, test is 1 process with nursery stock 1 number, each process 5 seedlings, and N number of nursery stock number of test requirements document is 1 community, and every Quarter Design repeats for 6 ~ 10 times;
(2) community and repeated arrangement: use random function formula "=rand () " in wps or office office software electrical form to carry out assignment to each nursery stock number, then by ascending order or descending, it is sorted 6 ~ 10 times repeatedly, namely draw number arrangement of nursery stock needed for each repetition; If in the arrangement that difference repeats, have several nursery stock number repeatedly to occur in regular collocation mode, artificially can adjust it, to reduce the systematic error of test, print for subsequent use after completing each repeated arrangement;
(3) plantation bank is checked: on-site survey is on the spot carried out to planting site, on graph paper or A4 printing paper with forest highway, coombe for object of reference, by column or row with round dot representative plantation bank, proper alignment, the every bank relative position of detailed mark, repeat above-mentioned steps and all plant bank until checked planting site, if planting site area is comparatively large, several can be divided into and marks;
(4) plant position is determined: on the graph paper marking plantation bank or A4 printing paper, according to arrangement and the experimental scheme requirement of each repetition nursery stock numbering, determine seedling growth strain position, and to mark corresponding nursery stock numbering above the 1st strain often arranging, repeat above-mentioned steps until complete the arrangement of total Test nursery stock, then with red recording pen and square frame line to different districts or repeat to divide respectively, and with I, II, III, X represents repetition 1, repeat 2, repeat 3, repeat 10, the drawing having marked plant position is duplicated for subsequent use, original copy files, enclose around planting site edge one, each row respectively arranges and all reserves 1 ~ 2 bank construction pilot forest protection row, avoids border effect,
(4) nursery stock prepares and plantation:
(1) nursery stock prepares:
Pilot forest selection of seedling semi-annual, specification is more than height of seedling 15.0cm, more than leading thread 0.2cm, terminal bud is full, and degree of lignification is high, well developed root system, without the Light media masson pine container seedling of damage by disease and insect, water permeable rear specification be 50cm × 60cm × 40cm bamboo basket of the hard end by nursery stock numbering carry out packing, every basket 1 number, each number arranges 30 ~ 50 seedlings according to the quantity repeated, and all pastes the label with nursery stock numbering in bamboo basket four sides; Label adopts hardboard self-control, specification long 21.0 ~ 22.0cm, wide 14.5 ~ 15.0cm; Use permanent pen during write tag, writing is clear to be avoided hasty and careless, and font size should be eye-catching and be convenient to confirm; After seedling transportation to planting site, in one line by order from small to large according to numerical digit on basket, then put in order according to each repetition nursery stock numbering and carry out go-no-go to nursery stock, during go-no-go, each nursery stock number often repeats go-no-go 5 strain, is positioned over respectively and pastes in the little Plastic Drum of each nursery stock label;
(2) seedling growth: after nursery stock is divided and installs, plants by the drawing of mark plant position; In same repetition, 5 seedlings of same numbering press the order arrangement from top to bottom to descending position of upward slope position, and on the seedlings of upward slope position the 1st, hang corresponding nursery stock numbering plastic label mark, other is numbered and repeats all, and the rest may be inferred, and the drawing according to mark plant position completes the construction of whole pilot forest;
(5) test mark board is set up:
Test mark board is set up in position, pilot forest bypass limit;
(6) final management and maintenance:
Mainly comprise nursery stock after-culture, tending management, discharge topdress, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protecting forest and prevent from fire;
(7) archives are set up and management:
Pilot forest archives can be divided into archives of paper quality and electronic record two class, completely respectively file, archives have in mainly comprising: pilot forest position contour map, testing program, design drawing, photo, survey data over the years, foster fertilising archives, the extermination of disease and insect pest and archives of protecting forest and prevent from fire.
Notice plate described in above step (five) is that professional decoration personnel make, and is divided into board body and foot rest two parts; Board stature material is aluminium alloy, and aspect ratio is 16:9, long 2.0m, wide 1.1m, and foot rest is two diameters is the aluminium-alloy pipe of 6 ~ 8cm, is welded in board body both sides respectively, the long 2.5m of every bar, when burying notice plate underground, foot rest is imbedded earth 40 ~ 50cm deeply, treads.
Above-described notice plate board body accurate marker test name, test site, afforestation seeding row spacing, Afforestation Time, afforestation area, test configurations, test carrier and cooperation unit's title; Font selects black matrix, and color is black, and font size is suitable to be suitable for.
Nursery stock after-culture described in above step (six) is generally carried out for 30 ~ 40 days after afforestation, carries out corresponding after-culture by each repetition nursery stock numbering; Described tending management is carried out in latter 5 years afforestation, wherein after afforestation first 3 years, annual April shovel grass 1 time, October herbicide spraying 1 time; After afforestation, in April, the 4th and October cut grass 1 time respectively; After afforestation, in October, the 5th cuts grass 1 time; Described discharge to topdress to carry out in first 3 years after afforestation, annual 3 ~ April imposes 0.5kg composite fertilizer to every strain tree, and digging specification at distance trunk 50cm upward slope position place before fertilising is long 1m, wide 20 ~ 30cm, the banded dressing furrow of transverse direction of dark 10 ~ 15cm, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch by fertilizer; The described extermination of disease and insect pest and the Silvicultural Measures of production of forestry unit of protecting forest and prevent from fire routinely carry out.
Testing program described in above step (seven) comprises test source, test objective, test material, planting site topography and landform character, land occupation condition, test configurations method, pilot forest plant line-spacing, pilot forest Afforestation Time, pilot forest area and pilot forest position; Described design drawing record respectively repeats and the arrangement of plant position; Described photo comprises operative scenario, pilot forest overall appearance, forest form, tree growth situation; Complete after archives set up work, tackle various archives and data are kept properly, avoid losing and divulging a secret.
Compared to prior art, the advantage that the present invention has and good effect as follows:
1, the present invention makes full use of planting site topography and landform character, suits measures to local conditions, and high standard, high efficiency science build pilot forest, improve pilot forest construction level, ensure that the preciseness of the accuracy of test data, reliability and scientific research.
2, the present invention is simple and practical, there are higher science and stronger Operating Guideline, to the Seed multiplication base seed orchard of south China topography and geomorphology complex area research and production unit, seed production stand, germ plasm resource collects storehouse construction and pilot forest, demonstration forest construction have very strong directive function, has important using value and realistic meaning.
3, the present invention is simple to operate, with low cost, not high to enforcement personnel requirement, alleviate work load when staff collects test data, improve operating efficiency, select for scientific research and production of forestry unit fine-variety breeding, Fine Variety Base Construction, experiment and demonstration woods and seed orchard construction provide new technical method.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
In April, 2010, concrete operation step was as follows in Tropical Forest experimental center, Chinese forest-science academy construction masson pine High yielding breeding superior families pilot forest 60 mu:
(1) plantation measures and cleaning:
Select traffic convenience, site index more than 16, the gradient is below 20 °, and gently, the poor cutting blank of chad, cuts down weeds shrub afterwards physical features and logging slash bunch is cleared up.
(2) planting site planning:
(1) vertical curve is directed: at planting site upward slope distance of positions fire forest belt 2 ~ 3m place erection compass, mark post red and white is established in descending position, moving left and right mark post makes compass approximate vertical with horizontal direction with mark post line direction, compass angular values is recorded after determining mark post position, then with compass belpharoedema position for starting point, by compass angular values, accurate orientation is carried out by measurement rope pull-out 20 ~ 25m distance, rope is measured in now tension, ground proximity is made it, in order to avoid there is comparatively big error under foreign disturbed condition; By the afforestation line-spacing 3m of design, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measuring rope lime, the line of this mark is vertical curve;
(2) horizontal line is directed: the mark position on fixed vertical curve sets up compass respectively, add and subtract 90 ° of directions by vertical curve angular values and carry out horizontal line orientation respectively, by the afforestation spacing in the rows 2m of design, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measuring rope lime, the line of this mark is horizontal line;
(3) bank is put: on the point that planting site has marked, set up compass, vertically complete full wafer planting site mark with horizontal direction by first retainer and design afforestation seeding row spacing 2m × 3m respectively, between gauge point, control errors is no more than 30cm, if error is excessive, otherwise when operate errorless can from horizontal direction be changed to vertical direction or, complete full wafer planting site mark;
(4) dig bank and put fertilizer: plantation bank adopts specification to be the large bank of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, and centered by planting site lime gauge point, dig bank, after digging bank, every bank puts into 0.5kg phosphate fertilizer as base manure, and banket back bank.
(3) experimental scheme and layout:
(1) experimental scheme: adopt randomised block design, test is 1 process with nursery stock 1 number, each process 5 seedlings, and N number of nursery stock number of test requirements document is 1 community, and every Quarter Design repeats for 6 times;
(2) community and repeated arrangement: use random function formula "=rand () " in wps office software electrical form to carry out assignment to each nursery stock number, then by ascending order or descending, it is sorted 6 times repeatedly, namely draw number arrangement of nursery stock needed for each repetition; If in the arrangement that difference repeats, have several nursery stock number repeatedly to occur in regular collocation mode, artificially can adjust it, to reduce the systematic error of test, print for subsequent use after completing each repeated arrangement;
(3) plantation bank is checked: on-site survey is on the spot carried out to planting site, graph paper or on forest highway, coombe for object of reference, by column or row with round dot representative plantation bank, proper alignment, the every bank relative position of detailed mark, repeats above-mentioned steps and all plants bank until checked planting site;
(4) plant position is determined: on the graph paper marking plantation bank or A4 printing paper, according to arrangement and the experimental scheme requirement of each repetition nursery stock numbering, determine seedling growth strain position, and to mark corresponding nursery stock numbering above the 1st strain often arranging, repeat above-mentioned steps until complete the arrangement of total Test nursery stock, then with red recording pen and square frame line to different districts or repeat to divide respectively, and with I, II, III, X represents repetition 1, repeat 2, repeat 3, repeat 10, the drawing having marked plant position is duplicated for subsequent use, original copy files, enclose around planting site edge one, each row respectively arranges and all reserves 1 bank construction pilot forest protection row, avoids border effect.
(4) nursery stock prepares and plantation:
(1) nursery stock prepares:
Pilot forest selection of seedling semi-annual, specification is more than height of seedling 15.0cm, more than leading thread 0.2cm, terminal bud is full, and degree of lignification is high, well developed root system, without the Light media masson pine container seedling of damage by disease and insect, water permeable rear specification be 50cm × 60cm × 40cm bamboo basket of the hard end by nursery stock numbering carry out packing, every basket 1 number, each number arranges 30 seedlings according to the quantity repeated, and all pastes the label with nursery stock numbering in bamboo basket four sides; Label adopts hardboard self-control, the long 21.0cm of specification, wide 14.5cm; Use permanent pen during write tag, writing is clear to be avoided hasty and careless, and font size should be eye-catching and be convenient to confirm; After seedling transportation to planting site, in one line by order from small to large according to numerical digit on basket, then put in order according to each repetition nursery stock numbering and carry out go-no-go to nursery stock, during go-no-go, each nursery stock number often repeats go-no-go 5 strain, is positioned over respectively and pastes in the little Plastic Drum of each nursery stock label;
(3) seedling growth: after nursery stock is divided and installs, plants by the drawing of mark plant position; In same repetition, 5 seedlings of same numbering press the order arrangement from top to bottom to descending position of upward slope position, and on the seedlings of upward slope position the 1st, hang corresponding nursery stock numbering plastic label mark, other is numbered and repeats all, and the rest may be inferred, and the drawing according to mark plant position completes the construction of whole pilot forest.
(5) test mark board is set up:
Test mark board is set up in position, pilot forest bypass limit; Notice plate is that professional decoration personnel make, and is divided into board body and foot rest two parts; Board stature material is aluminium alloy, and aspect ratio is 16:9, long 2.0m, wide 1.1m, and foot rest is two diameters is the aluminium-alloy pipe of 6cm, is welded in board body both sides respectively, the long 2.5m of every bar, when burying notice plate underground, foot rest is imbedded earth 40cm deeply, treads.Notice plate board body accurate marker test name, test site, afforestation seeding row spacing, Afforestation Time, afforestation area, test configurations, test carrier and cooperation unit's title; Font selects black matrix, and color is black, and font size is suitable to be suitable for.
(6) final management and maintenance:
Mainly comprise nursery stock after-culture, tending management, discharge topdress, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protecting forest and prevent from fire.Nursery stock after-culture is generally carried out afforestation for latter 30 days, carries out corresponding after-culture by each repetition nursery stock numbering; Described tending management is carried out in latter 5 years afforestation, wherein after afforestation first 3 years, annual April shovel grass 1 time, October herbicide spraying 1 time; After afforestation, in April, the 4th and October cut grass 1 time respectively; After afforestation, in October, the 5th cuts grass 1 time; Described discharge to topdress to carry out in first 3 years after afforestation, annual 3 ~ April imposes 0.5kg composite fertilizer to every strain tree, and digging specification at distance trunk 50cm upward slope position place before fertilising is long 1m, wide 20cm, the banded dressing furrow of transverse direction of dark 10cm, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch by fertilizer; The described extermination of disease and insect pest and the Silvicultural Measures of production of forestry unit of protecting forest and prevent from fire routinely carry out.
(7) archives are set up and management:
Pilot forest archives can be divided into archives of paper quality and electronic record two class, completely respectively file, archives have in mainly comprising: pilot forest position contour map, testing program, design drawing, photo, survey data over the years, foster fertilising archives, the extermination of disease and insect pest and archives of protecting forest and prevent from fire.Testing program comprises test source, test objective, test material, planting site topography and landform character, land occupation condition, test configurations method, pilot forest plant line-spacing, pilot forest Afforestation Time, pilot forest area and pilot forest position; Described design drawing record respectively repeats and the arrangement of plant position; Described photo comprises operative scenario, pilot forest overall appearance, forest form, tree growth situation; Complete after archives set up work, tackle various archives and data are kept properly, avoid losing and divulging a secret.
To in September, 2014, neatly, arboreal growth is good for this pilot forest forest form, and forest land is neatly clean, occurs without damage by disease and insect, accurate after checking when the end of the year over the years is investigated with design drawing on the spot.
Embodiment 2:
In April, 2012, in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, masson pine hybrid generation determination test woods 50 mu is built in state-owned forest farm, Yangshan of sending, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) plantation measures and cleaning:
Select traffic convenience, site index more than 16, the gradient is below 20 °, and gently, the poor cutting blank of chad, cuts down weeds shrub afterwards physical features and logging slash bunch is cleared up.
(2) planting site planning:
(1) vertical curve is directed: at planting site upward slope distance of positions fire forest belt 2 ~ 3m place erection compass, mark post red and white is established in descending position, moving left and right mark post makes compass approximate vertical with horizontal direction with mark post line direction, compass angular values is recorded after determining mark post position, then with compass belpharoedema position for starting point, by compass angular values, accurate orientation is carried out by measurement rope pull-out 20 ~ 25m distance, rope is measured in now tension, ground proximity is made it, in order to avoid there is comparatively big error under foreign disturbed condition; By the afforestation line-spacing 3m of design, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measuring rope powder of lacquer putty for use on, the line of this mark is vertical curve;
(2) horizontal line is directed: the mark position on fixed vertical curve sets up compass respectively, add and subtract 90 ° of directions by vertical curve angular values and carry out horizontal line orientation respectively, by the afforestation spacing in the rows 2m of design, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measuring rope powder of lacquer putty for use on, the line of this mark is horizontal line;
(3) bank is put: on the point that planting site has marked, set up compass, vertically complete full wafer planting site mark with horizontal direction by first retainer and design afforestation seeding row spacing 2m × 3m respectively, between gauge point, control errors is no more than 30cm, if error is excessive, otherwise when operate errorless can from horizontal direction be changed to vertical direction or, complete full wafer planting site mark;
(4) dig bank and put fertilizer: plantation bank adopts specification to be the large bank of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, and centered by planting site powder of lacquer putty for use on gauge point, dig bank, after digging bank, every bank puts into 0.5kg phosphate fertilizer as base manure, and banket back bank.
(3) experimental scheme and layout:
(1) experimental scheme: adopt randomised block design, test is 1 process with nursery stock 1 number, each process 5 seedlings, and N number of nursery stock number of test requirements document is 1 community, and every Quarter Design repeats for 10 times;
(2) community and repeated arrangement: use random function formula "=rand () " in office office software electrical form to carry out assignment to each nursery stock number, then by ascending order or descending, it is sorted 10 times repeatedly, namely draw number arrangement of nursery stock needed for each repetition; If in the arrangement that difference repeats, have several nursery stock number repeatedly to occur in regular collocation mode, artificially can adjust it, to reduce the systematic error of test, print for subsequent use after completing each repeated arrangement;
(3) plantation bank is checked: on-site survey is on the spot carried out to planting site, on A4 printing paper with forest highway, coombe for object of reference, by column or row with round dot representative plantation bank, proper alignment, the every bank relative position of detailed mark, repeats above-mentioned steps and all plants bank until checked planting site;
(4) plant position is determined: on the graph paper marking plantation bank or A4 printing paper, according to arrangement and the experimental scheme requirement of each repetition nursery stock numbering, determine seedling growth strain position, and to mark corresponding nursery stock numbering above the 1st strain often arranging, repeat above-mentioned steps until complete the arrangement of total Test nursery stock, then with red recording pen and square frame line to different districts or repeat to divide respectively, and with I, II, III, X represents repetition 1, repeat 2, repeat 3, repeat 10, the drawing having marked plant position is duplicated for subsequent use, original copy files, enclose around planting site edge one, each row respectively arranges and all reserves 1 bank construction pilot forest protection row, avoids border effect.
(4) nursery stock prepares and plantation:
(1) nursery stock prepares:
Pilot forest selection of seedling semi-annual, specification is more than height of seedling 15.0cm, more than leading thread 0.2cm, terminal bud is full, and degree of lignification is high, well developed root system, without the Light media masson pine container seedling of damage by disease and insect, water permeable rear specification be 50cm × 60cm × 40cm bamboo basket of the hard end by nursery stock numbering carry out packing, every basket 1 number, each number arranges 40 seedlings according to the quantity repeated, and all pastes the label with nursery stock numbering in bamboo basket four sides; Label adopts hardboard self-control, the long 22.0cm of specification, wide 15.0cm; Use permanent pen during write tag, writing is clear to be avoided hasty and careless, and font size should be eye-catching and be convenient to confirm; After seedling transportation to planting site, in one line by order from small to large according to numerical digit on basket, then put in order according to each repetition nursery stock numbering and carry out go-no-go to nursery stock, during go-no-go, each nursery stock number often repeats go-no-go 5 strain, is positioned over respectively and pastes in the little Plastic Drum of each nursery stock label;
(4) seedling growth: after nursery stock is divided and installs, plants by the drawing of mark plant position; In same repetition, 5 seedlings of same numbering press the order arrangement from top to bottom to descending position of upward slope position, and on the seedlings of upward slope position the 1st, hang corresponding nursery stock numbering plastic label mark, other is numbered and repeats all, and the rest may be inferred, and the drawing according to mark plant position completes the construction of whole pilot forest.
(5) test mark board is set up:
Test mark board is set up in position, pilot forest bypass limit; Notice plate is that professional decoration personnel make, and is divided into board body and foot rest two parts; Board stature material is aluminium alloy, and aspect ratio is 16:9, long 2.0m, wide 1.1m, and foot rest is two diameters is the aluminium-alloy pipe of 8cm, is welded in board body both sides respectively, the long 2.5m of every bar, when burying notice plate underground, foot rest is imbedded earth 50cm deeply, treads.Notice plate board body accurate marker test name, test site, afforestation seeding row spacing, Afforestation Time, afforestation area, test configurations, test carrier and cooperation unit's title; Font selects black matrix, and color is black, and font size is suitable to be suitable for.
(6) final management and maintenance:
Mainly comprise nursery stock after-culture, tending management, discharge topdress, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protecting forest and prevent from fire.Nursery stock after-culture is generally carried out afforestation for latter 40 days, carries out corresponding after-culture by each repetition nursery stock numbering; Described tending management is carried out in latter 5 years afforestation, wherein after afforestation first 3 years, annual April shovel grass 1 time, October herbicide spraying 1 time; After afforestation, in April, the 4th and October cut grass 1 time respectively; After afforestation, in October, the 5th cuts grass 1 time; Described discharge to topdress to carry out in first 3 years after afforestation, annual 3 ~ April imposes 0.5kg composite fertilizer to every strain tree, and digging specification at distance trunk 50cm upward slope position place before fertilising is long 1m, wide 30cm, the banded dressing furrow of transverse direction of dark 15cm, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch by fertilizer; The described extermination of disease and insect pest and the Silvicultural Measures of production of forestry unit of protecting forest and prevent from fire routinely carry out.
(7) archives are set up and management:
Pilot forest archives can be divided into archives of paper quality and electronic record two class, completely respectively file, archives have in mainly comprising: pilot forest position contour map, testing program, design drawing, photo, survey data over the years, foster fertilising archives, the extermination of disease and insect pest and archives of protecting forest and prevent from fire.Testing program comprises test source, test objective, test material, planting site topography and landform character, land occupation condition, test configurations method, pilot forest plant line-spacing, pilot forest Afforestation Time, pilot forest area and pilot forest position; Described design drawing record respectively repeats and the arrangement of plant position; Described photo comprises operative scenario, pilot forest overall appearance, forest form, tree growth situation; Complete after archives set up work, tackle various archives and data are kept properly, avoid losing and divulging a secret.
To in September, 2014, neatly, arboreal growth is good for this pilot forest forest form, and forest land is neatly clean, occurs without damage by disease and insect, accurate after checking when the end of the year over the years is investigated with design drawing on the spot.
Embodiment 3:
In April, 2013, the dual-purpose breeding superior families pilot forest of horse hair rosin material 40 mu was built in state-owned forest farm, Yangshan of sending in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) plantation measures and cleaning:
Select traffic convenience, site index more than 16, the gradient is below 20 °, and gently, the poor cutting blank of chad, cuts down weeds shrub afterwards physical features and logging slash bunch is cleared up.
(2) planting site planning:
(1) vertical curve is directed: at planting site upward slope distance of positions fire forest belt 2 ~ 3m place erection compass, mark post red and white is established in descending position, moving left and right mark post makes compass approximate vertical with horizontal direction with mark post line direction, compass angular values is recorded after determining mark post position, then with compass belpharoedema position for starting point, by compass angular values, accurate orientation is carried out by measurement rope pull-out 20 ~ 25m distance, rope is measured in now tension, ground proximity is made it, in order to avoid there is comparatively big error under foreign disturbed condition; By the afforestation line-spacing 3m of design, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measuring rope powder of lacquer putty for use on, the line of this mark is vertical curve;
(2) horizontal line is directed: the mark position on fixed vertical curve sets up compass respectively, add and subtract 90 ° of directions by vertical curve angular values and carry out horizontal line orientation respectively, by the afforestation spacing in the rows 2m of design, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measuring rope powder of lacquer putty for use on, the line of this mark is horizontal line;
(3) bank is put: on the point that planting site has marked, set up compass, vertically complete full wafer planting site mark with horizontal direction by first retainer and design afforestation seeding row spacing 2m × 3m respectively, between gauge point, control errors is no more than 30cm, if error is excessive, otherwise when operate errorless can from horizontal direction be changed to vertical direction or, complete full wafer planting site mark;
(4) dig bank and put fertilizer: plantation bank adopts specification to be the large bank of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, and centered by planting site powder of lacquer putty for use on gauge point, dig bank, after digging bank, every bank puts into 0.5kg phosphate fertilizer as base manure, and banket back bank.
(3) experimental scheme and layout:
(1) experimental scheme: adopt randomised block design, test is 1 process with nursery stock 1 number, each process 5 seedlings, and N number of nursery stock number of test requirements document is 1 community, and every Quarter Design repeats for 10 times;
(2) community and repeated arrangement: use random function formula "=rand () " in office office software electrical form to carry out assignment to each nursery stock number, then by ascending order or descending, it is sorted 10 times repeatedly, namely draw number arrangement of nursery stock needed for each repetition; If in the arrangement that difference repeats, have several nursery stock number repeatedly to occur in regular collocation mode, artificially can adjust it, to reduce the systematic error of test, print for subsequent use after completing each repeated arrangement;
(3) plantation bank is checked: on-site survey is on the spot carried out to planting site, on A4 printing paper with forest highway, coombe for object of reference, by column or row with round dot representative plantation bank, proper alignment, the every bank relative position of detailed mark, repeats above-mentioned steps and all plants bank until checked planting site;
(4) plant position is determined: on the graph paper marking plantation bank or A4 printing paper, according to arrangement and the experimental scheme requirement of each repetition nursery stock numbering, determine seedling growth strain position, and to mark corresponding nursery stock numbering above the 1st strain often arranging, repeat above-mentioned steps until complete the arrangement of total Test nursery stock, then with red recording pen and square frame line to different districts or repeat to divide respectively, and with I, II, III, X represents repetition 1, repeat 2, repeat 3, repeat 10, the drawing having marked plant position is duplicated for subsequent use, original copy files, enclose around planting site edge one, each row respectively arranges and all reserves 1 bank construction pilot forest protection row, avoids border effect.
(4) nursery stock prepares and plantation:
(1) nursery stock prepares:
Pilot forest selection of seedling semi-annual, specification is more than height of seedling 15.0cm, more than leading thread 0.2cm, terminal bud is full, and degree of lignification is high, well developed root system, without the Light media masson pine container seedling of damage by disease and insect, water permeable rear specification be 50cm × 60cm × 40cm bamboo basket of the hard end by nursery stock numbering carry out packing, every basket 1 number, each number arranges 50 seedlings according to the quantity repeated, and all pastes the label with nursery stock numbering in bamboo basket four sides; Label adopts hardboard self-control, the long 22.0cm of specification, wide 15.0cm; Use permanent pen during write tag, writing is clear to be avoided hasty and careless, and font size should be eye-catching and be convenient to confirm; After seedling transportation to planting site, in one line by order from small to large according to numerical digit on basket, then put in order according to each repetition nursery stock numbering and carry out go-no-go to nursery stock, during go-no-go, each nursery stock number often repeats go-no-go 5 strain, is positioned over respectively and pastes in the little Plastic Drum of each nursery stock label;
(5) seedling growth: after nursery stock is divided and installs, plants by the drawing of mark plant position; In same repetition, 5 seedlings of same numbering press the order arrangement from top to bottom to descending position of upward slope position, and on the seedlings of upward slope position the 1st, hang corresponding nursery stock numbering plastic label mark, other is numbered and repeats all, and the rest may be inferred, and the drawing according to mark plant position completes the construction of whole pilot forest.
(5) test mark board is set up:
Test mark board is set up in position, pilot forest bypass limit; Notice plate is that professional decoration personnel make, and is divided into board body and foot rest two parts; Board stature material is aluminium alloy, and aspect ratio is 16:9, long 2.0m, wide 1.1m, and foot rest is two diameters is the aluminium-alloy pipe of 8cm, is welded in board body both sides respectively, the long 2.5m of every bar, when burying notice plate underground, foot rest is imbedded earth 50cm deeply, treads.Notice plate board body accurate marker test name, test site, afforestation seeding row spacing, Afforestation Time, afforestation area, test configurations, test carrier and cooperation unit's title; Font selects black matrix, and color is black, and font size is suitable to be suitable for.
(6) final management and maintenance:
Mainly comprise nursery stock after-culture, tending management, discharge topdress, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protecting forest and prevent from fire.Nursery stock after-culture is generally carried out afforestation for latter 40 days, carries out corresponding after-culture by each repetition nursery stock numbering; Described tending management is carried out in latter 5 years afforestation, wherein after afforestation first 3 years, annual April shovel grass 1 time, October herbicide spraying 1 time; After afforestation, in April, the 4th and October cut grass 1 time respectively; After afforestation, in October, the 5th cuts grass 1 time; Described discharge to topdress to carry out in first 3 years after afforestation, annual 3 ~ April imposes 0.5kg composite fertilizer to every strain tree, and digging specification at distance trunk 50cm upward slope position place before fertilising is long 1m, wide 30cm, the banded dressing furrow of transverse direction of dark 15cm, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch by fertilizer; The described extermination of disease and insect pest and the Silvicultural Measures of production of forestry unit of protecting forest and prevent from fire routinely carry out.
(7) archives are set up and management:
Pilot forest archives can be divided into archives of paper quality and electronic record two class, completely respectively file, archives have in mainly comprising: pilot forest position contour map, testing program, design drawing, photo, survey data over the years, foster fertilising archives, the extermination of disease and insect pest and archives of protecting forest and prevent from fire.Testing program comprises test source, test objective, test material, planting site topography and landform character, land occupation condition, test configurations method, pilot forest plant line-spacing, pilot forest Afforestation Time, pilot forest area and pilot forest position; Described design drawing record respectively repeats and the arrangement of plant position; Described photo comprises operative scenario, pilot forest overall appearance, forest form, tree growth situation; Complete after archives set up work, tackle various archives and data are kept properly, avoid losing and divulging a secret.
To in September, 2014, neatly, arboreal growth is good for this pilot forest forest form, and forest land is neatly clean, occurs without damage by disease and insect, accurate after checking when the end of the year over the years is investigated with design drawing on the spot.
Claims (5)
1. the construction method of a masson pine excellent strain selected test woods, it is characterized in that: comprise plantation measures and cleaning, planting site are planned, experimental scheme and layout, nursery stock prepare and plant, set up test mark board, final management and maintenance, archives to set up the operation with management, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) plantation measures and cleaning:
Select traffic convenience, site index more than 16, the gradient is below 20 °, and gently, the poor cutting blank of chad, cuts down weeds shrub afterwards physical features and logging slash bunch is cleared up;
(2) planting site planning:
(1) vertical curve is directed: at planting site upward slope distance of positions fire forest belt 2 ~ 3m place erection compass, mark post red and white is established in descending position, moving left and right mark post makes compass approximate vertical with horizontal direction with mark post line direction, compass angular values is recorded after determining mark post position, then with compass belpharoedema position for starting point, by compass angular values, accurate orientation is carried out by measurement rope pull-out 20 ~ 25m distance, rope is measured in now tension, ground proximity is made it, in order to avoid there is comparatively big error under foreign disturbed condition; Mark planting site on corresponding scale along measurement rope lime or powder of lacquer putty for use on by the afforestation line-spacing of design, line of this mark is vertical curve;
(2) horizontal line is directed: the mark position on fixed vertical curve sets up compass respectively, add and subtract 90 ° of directions by vertical curve angular values and carry out horizontal line orientation respectively, mark planting site on corresponding scale along measurement rope lime or powder of lacquer putty for use on by the afforestation spacing in the rows of design, line of this mark is horizontal line;
(3) bank is put: on the point that planting site has marked, set up compass, vertically complete full wafer planting site mark with horizontal direction by first retainer and design afforestation seeding row spacing respectively, between gauge point, control errors is no more than 30cm, if error is excessive, otherwise when operate errorless can from horizontal direction be changed to vertical direction or, complete full wafer planting site mark;
(4) dig bank and put fertilizer: plantation bank adopts specification to be the large bank of 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, and centered by planting site lime or powder of lacquer putty for use on gauge point, dig bank, after digging bank, every bank puts into 0.5kg phosphate fertilizer as base manure, and banket back bank;
(3) experimental scheme and layout:
(1) experimental scheme: adopt randomised block design, test is 1 process with nursery stock 1 number, each process 5 seedlings, and N number of nursery stock number of test requirements document is 1 community, and every Quarter Design repeats for 6 ~ 10 times;
(2) community and repeated arrangement: use random function formula "=rand () " in wps or office office software electrical form to carry out assignment to each nursery stock number, then by ascending order or descending, it is sorted 6 ~ 10 times repeatedly, namely draw number arrangement of nursery stock needed for each repetition; If in the arrangement that difference repeats, have several nursery stock number repeatedly to occur in regular collocation mode, artificially can adjust it, to reduce the systematic error of test, print for subsequent use after completing each repeated arrangement;
(3) plantation bank is checked: on-site survey is on the spot carried out to planting site, on graph paper or A4 printing paper with forest highway, coombe for object of reference, by column or row with round dot representative plantation bank, proper alignment, the every bank relative position of detailed mark, repeat above-mentioned steps and all plant bank until checked planting site, if planting site area is comparatively large, several can be divided into and marks;
(4) plant position is determined: on the graph paper marking plantation bank or A4 printing paper, according to arrangement and the experimental scheme requirement of each repetition nursery stock numbering, determine seedling growth strain position, and to mark corresponding nursery stock numbering above the 1st strain often arranging, repeat above-mentioned steps until complete the arrangement of total Test nursery stock, then with red recording pen and square frame line to different districts or repeat to divide respectively, and with I, II, III, X represents repetition 1, repeat 2, repeat 3, repeat 10, the drawing having marked plant position is duplicated for subsequent use, original copy files, enclose around planting site edge one, each row respectively arranges and all reserves 1 ~ 2 bank construction pilot forest protection row, avoids border effect,
(4) nursery stock prepares and plantation:
(1) nursery stock prepares:
Pilot forest selection of seedling semi-annual, specification is more than height of seedling 15.0cm, more than leading thread 0.2cm, terminal bud is full, and degree of lignification is high, well developed root system, without the Light media masson pine container seedling of damage by disease and insect, water permeable rear specification be 50cm × 60cm × 40cm bamboo basket of the hard end by nursery stock numbering carry out packing, every basket 1 number, each number arranges 30 ~ 50 seedlings according to the quantity repeated, and all pastes the label with nursery stock numbering in bamboo basket four sides; Label adopts hardboard self-control, specification long 21.0 ~ 22.0cm, wide 14.5 ~ 15.0cm; Use permanent pen during write tag, writing is clear to be avoided hasty and careless, and font size should be eye-catching and be convenient to confirm; After seedling transportation to planting site, in one line by order from small to large according to numerical digit on basket, then put in order according to each repetition nursery stock numbering and carry out go-no-go to nursery stock, during go-no-go, each nursery stock number often repeats go-no-go 5 strain, is positioned over respectively and pastes in the little Plastic Drum of each nursery stock label;
Seedling growth: after nursery stock is divided and installs, plants by the drawing of mark plant position; In same repetition, 5 seedlings of same numbering press the order arrangement from top to bottom to descending position of upward slope position, and on the seedlings of upward slope position the 1st, hang corresponding nursery stock numbering plastic label mark, other is numbered and repeats all, and the rest may be inferred, and the drawing according to mark plant position completes the construction of whole pilot forest;
(5) test mark board is set up:
Test mark board is set up in position, pilot forest bypass limit;
(6) final management and maintenance:
Mainly comprise nursery stock after-culture, tending management, discharge topdress, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protecting forest and prevent from fire;
(7) archives are set up and management:
Pilot forest archives can be divided into archives of paper quality and electronic record two class, completely respectively file, archives have in mainly comprising: pilot forest position contour map, testing program, design drawing, photo, survey data over the years, foster fertilising archives, the extermination of disease and insect pest and archives of protecting forest and prevent from fire.
2. the construction method of a kind of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the notice plate described in step (five) is that professional decoration personnel make, and is divided into board body and foot rest two parts; Board stature material is aluminium alloy, and aspect ratio is 16:9, long 2.0m, wide 1.1m, and foot rest is two diameters is the aluminium-alloy pipe of 6 ~ 8cm, is welded in board body both sides respectively, the long 2.5m of every bar, when burying notice plate underground, foot rest is imbedded earth 40 ~ 50cm deeply, treads.
3. the construction method of a kind of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described notice plate board body accurate marker test name, test site, afforestation seeding row spacing, Afforestation Time, afforestation area, test configurations, test carrier and cooperation unit's title; Font selects black matrix, and color is black, and font size is suitable to be suitable for.
4. the construction method of a kind of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the nursery stock after-culture described in step (six) is generally carried out for 30 ~ 40 days after afforestation, carries out corresponding after-culture by each repetition nursery stock numbering; Described tending management is carried out in latter 5 years afforestation, wherein after afforestation first 3 years, annual April shovel grass 1 time, October herbicide spraying 1 time; After afforestation, in April, the 4th and October cut grass 1 time respectively; After afforestation, in October, the 5th cuts grass 1 time; Described discharge to topdress to carry out in first 3 years after afforestation, annual 3 ~ April imposes 0.5kg composite fertilizer to every strain tree, and digging specification at distance trunk 50cm upward slope position place before fertilising is long 1m, wide 20 ~ 30cm, the banded dressing furrow of transverse direction of dark 10 ~ 15cm, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch by fertilizer; The described extermination of disease and insect pest and the Silvicultural Measures of production of forestry unit of protecting forest and prevent from fire routinely carry out.
5. the construction method of a kind of masson pine excellent strain selected test woods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the testing program described in step (seven) comprises test source, test objective, test material, planting site topography and landform character, land occupation condition, test configurations method, pilot forest plant line-spacing, pilot forest Afforestation Time, pilot forest area and pilot forest position; Described design drawing record respectively repeats and the arrangement of plant position; Described photo comprises operative scenario, pilot forest overall appearance, forest form, tree growth situation; Complete after archives set up work, tackle various archives and data are kept properly, avoid losing and divulging a secret.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904542A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for building cutting orchard with Pinus massoniana Lamb. tissue culture seedlings |
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| CN1072056A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-05-19 | 浙江省开化县林场 | Vegetative propagation technique for pine category |
| CN101258810A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2008-09-10 | 湖南省经济地理研究所 | Purple massif forestation planting grass para position allocation and mixed cultivation method |
| CN101606475A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-12-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for intermediate cutting growth of pinus massoniana |
| JP2014013552A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2014-01-23 | Kazuyuki Goto | Forest resource biomass power generation system (2) |
| CN103797991A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-21 | 李征 | Granite mine slash ecological green returning technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1072056A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-05-19 | 浙江省开化县林场 | Vegetative propagation technique for pine category |
| CN101258810A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2008-09-10 | 湖南省经济地理研究所 | Purple massif forestation planting grass para position allocation and mixed cultivation method |
| CN101606475A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-12-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for intermediate cutting growth of pinus massoniana |
| JP2014013552A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2014-01-23 | Kazuyuki Goto | Forest resource biomass power generation system (2) |
| CN103797991A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-21 | 李征 | Granite mine slash ecological green returning technology |
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| CN104904542A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for building cutting orchard with Pinus massoniana Lamb. tissue culture seedlings |
| CN104904542B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-06-06 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that utilization masson pine tissue-cultured seedling builds cutting orchard |
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