CN108541500A - A kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method - Google Patents
A kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541500A CN108541500A CN201810250642.5A CN201810250642A CN108541500A CN 108541500 A CN108541500 A CN 108541500A CN 201810250642 A CN201810250642 A CN 201810250642A CN 108541500 A CN108541500 A CN 108541500A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to artificial forest structure of modification fields, and in particular to a kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method.The technical solution used for：A kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method, including holt window intermediate cutting sparse woods, introducing deciduous species and Colored- leaf Plants.The present invention is minimum to the disturbances in ecosystems of artificial forest, the competition consumable between canopy arbor can be cut down, the net productivity of arbor is improved, promotes the renewal of forest, increase the structural complexity of forest, pushes undergrowth environment and soil geological unit composition and its clear-cutting forestland of food web relationship.The present invention realizes that forest photosynthetic carbon utilization ratio maximizes, further promotes the carbon deposit of forest ecosystem to deposit on the basis of carbon emission reduction by the efficient utilization of the environmental resource of layer stereo.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to artificial forest structure of modification fields, and in particular to a kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method.
Background technology
Cut-off data in 2013, China are the maximum countries of artificial forest area in the world, and the existing artificial forest gross area is about
6.93×107hm2, 2.48 × 109m of accumulation3, the development rate of artificial forest is 5.7 times of (national forestries of world average level
Office, 2005), wherein most is ecological public welfare forests, but the timber demand of initially pressing of this part artificial forest designs, later due to life
State function zoning incorporates into as ecological function and protecting demand, therefore imbalance between supply and demand is caused to protrude.It is embodied in this kind of initial designs
Density is big, and most of artificial forest composition seeds are single, forest hierarchical structure is simple, Canopy densities are excessive, undergrowth environment is shady dark
Humidity, develop to show after the middle-aged forest stage forest growing way it is universal it is weak, understory species cover degree is small, species diversity is low, raw
Object diversity is poor, soil acidification and feeder capability are insufficient, pest and disease damage occurrence risk is high, PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL is low, carbon sequestration energy
The problems such as power is low, it has also become typical inefficient ecological public welfare forests, ecology service urgently pass through with bio-diversity conservation function
Rational approaches and methods go to improve and improve.But obviously lack the renovation technique designed for this kind of artificial forest at this stage
Method mostly uses traditional intermediate cutting mode and is transformed.
And traditional row shape or blocky intermediate cutting mode have the shortcomings that it is apparent：(1) forest land is interfered greatly, easily causes secondary calamity
Evil, such as soil erosion.(2) need, by mechanized tool, have particular/special requirement to topography and geomorphology.(3) mechanized operation process
Destructible timbered soil structure, such as it is hardened.(4) understory species are easily destroyed, it is difficult to rapid to restore surface layer vegetation.(5) between
It is big to cut down intensity, it is difficult to rapid to restore arborous layer productivity.
Therefore, the theory and method of inefficient artificial forest are effectively managed and be transformed to Scientific exploration, is that current China forest is held
Continuous management and the unavoidable task of forest development.And inquire into the (gradient in the mountain ecosystems of environmental condition complexity
Greatly, with a varied topography), how existing Plantation Ecosystem not to be interfered acutely (to reduce soil erosion as far as possible to disturb with soil
It is dynamic), the ecological benefits for being completed at the same time inefficient artificial forest are promoted and transformation is current very necessary task.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling methods.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests change
Make method, including following link：
(1) public welfare forest holt window intermediate cutting sparse woods：
1) forest zone growing state, stand structure, ground surface environment situation are investigated and is assessed annual 9~October；
2) according to the investigation result of step 1), confirm gap size, woods window quantity, optimal combination and layout；
3) it determines and marks and sparsely fell object；
4) it is sparselyed fell November current year or 2~March of next year；
5) to sparselying fell result verify and correct again；
(2) deciduous species are introduced：
In the woods window of step (1) intermediate cutting, the local own deciduous species in river west based on birch and lacquer tree are introduced, are introduced
Mode is：Degradable nourishing bag to be added to nitro humic acid cultivates the seeds to breeding strong sprout, is then implanted into
Soil retains nutrient bag in migration process；It is 20~30cm/ to transplant embedded depth；
(3) Colored- leaf Plants are introduced：
1) in the woods window of step (1) intermediate cutting, the local own coloured silk in river west based on maple, Sorbus alnifloria, larix mastersiana is introduced
Leaf seeds, incorporation way are：Bare-root seeding, 1.0~1.5m of height of seedling are introduced, transplanting digs cave and is：0.3×0.3×0.4m；
2) before transplanting, slurry root is carried out to bare-root seeding using containing the yellow mud water that quality is 10% bacillus subtilis bacteria preparation.
Preferably, step (1) the confirmation gap size, woods window quantity, optimal combination and layout, specially：Intermediate cutting amount
No more than the 30% of the public welfare forest gross area；Woods window is nested in patch shape；It is more than the public good of 2500 plants/hectare for thickness of stand
Woods, forest gap area are 100~200m2；For thickness of stand be less than 2500 plants/hectare public welfare forest, forest gap area be 70~
100m2。
Preferably, step (1) is described sparselys fell object, specially：Overlord's wood, sick rotten wood, overstocked forest and the other woodss of influence
The upper layer forest of wood growth.
Preferably, step (1) requirement sparselyed fell is：The forest sparselyed fell, stub indwelling >=50cm；Retain when sparselying fell
Understory species layer.
Preferably, step (2) the degradable nourishing bag for being added to nitro humic acid, quality group become：55 portions of wheats
Stalk fibre, 5 parts of hydroxymethyl celluloses, 10 parts of nitro humic acids, 15 parts of cornstarch, 60 parts of water.
Preferably, it is 1 × 10 that step (3) the bacillus subtilis bacteria preparation, which is effective bacterial content,7The bacterium of cfu/mL is outstanding
Liquid.
Preferably, the deciduous species and Colored- leaf Plants that step (2) is introduced with step (3) press 1 in deforestation window:1 ratio
Example uniformly plantation, planting density are 2~3/10m2, the introducing time is annual 2~April.
The invention has the advantages that：
1, the present invention is minimum to original disturbances in ecosystems of artificial forest；
2, the present invention can cut down the competition consumable (i.e. carbon emission) between canopy arbor, activate arbor vigor, improve arbor
Net productivity；
3, the present invention can improve hayashishita microenvironment quality, promote understory species clear-cutting forestland and the renewal of forest, push hayashishita
Environment is formed with soil geological unit and its clear-cutting forestland of food web relationship；
4, the present invention is realized gloomy by the efficient utilization of multilayer (tall, filling, grass) three-dimensional environmental resource (light, temperature, water)
Woods photosynthetic carbon utilization ratio maximizes, and further promotes the carbon deposit of forest ecosystem to deposit on the basis of carbon emission reduction；
5, western sichuan region hypsography is big, and east is high mountain gorge landforms, and western part is sinuous mountain plateau landforms, commonly
The operations such as extensive mechanical thinning can cause soil compaction, cause soil erosion, while can also destroy understory species.The present invention's
Holt window is sparselyed fell, and is effectively increased moisture, nutrient of soil etc., is remained understory species, is conducive to help the fast of forest itself
Quick-recovery.
6, present invention further introduces forest sustainable management philosophy, including the wealthy mixed friendship of needle and increase Colored- leaf Plants etc., more preferably
Quick realization needle pure forest changes to theropencedrymion on ground.
Present invention introduces deciduous species, and it is more seeds that the single seeds of the western public welfare forest in river, which are improved, makes the original list of forest
Layer thaumatropy is multilayer structure.Moreover, introducing used nutrient bag environment-friendly degradable when seeds, it is not necessarily to when transplanting seeds
Bag is removed, protects the root of plant to the greatest extent, and maintains the complete of Nutrition Soil in bag.The nutrient bag contains nitro corruption plant
Acid, can improve soil constitution, help plant establishment and growth, while also assisting in plant and will be difficult to decompose in Nutrition Soil in bag
Fertilizer is decomposed and is recycled.
Present invention introduces Colored- leaf Plants, further increase the diversity of forest structure, forest is farthest utilized
Soil fertility.Meanwhile when introducing Colored- leaf Plants, selected the mode of naked of seedlings plantation, can fast lifting public welfare forest landscape value,
Increase the heterogeneity and ornamental value of landscape.Because being the bare-root seeding of transplanting, the bacterium system containing bacillus subtilis is used before transplanting
The yellow mud water of agent has carried out slurry root to sapling, improves the survival ability of sapling, and helps to improve the soil at sapling plantation
Microorganism group at.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is intermediate cutting operation chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is intermediate cutting operational flowchart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
One, the operating process of public welfare forest intermediate cutting
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (wherein, Fig. 1 illustrates the floor map of holt window setting technique intermediate cutting and woods window layout,
Arrow directed section is partial enlarged view), concrete operations flow is as follows：
1, investigation and assessment Low effect forest structure feature
The forest land environmental aspect (height above sea level, the gradient, slope aspect) and standing forest history of forming background of the candidate woods of investigation, sample investigation are tall
Timber structure (such as thickness of stand, height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, clear bole height, hat width parameter), the developmental state of understory species, ground cover reserves with
And soil fertility etc..Based on survey data, using comprehensive estimation method, assessment stand structure situation, tree growth gesture etc.
Grade (dominant tree, average tree and suppressed tree) and competition intensity, surface vegetation and environmental aspect etc., formed productivity of forest stand improve and
Stand conversion countermeasure.10% of sample investigation ratio not less than transformation standing forest area.Control time is preferably arranged in annual Growing season
End：9~October carries out.
2, determine and design gap size, quantity and layout
On the basis of assessing forest land with stand characteristics, with reference to forest land contextual factor, on control unit area between totality
On the basis of the amount of cutting down, the quasi- gap size used is determined, calculate woods window quantity, design optimal combination and layout.As shown in Figure 1,
The overall principle is that intermediate cutting amount is no more than the 30% of basal plane product, and woods window is nested in patch shape, is more than the woods of 2500 plants/hectare in density
Point, expanded gap area is with 100~200m2Based on middle great Lin windows it is preferable；It is less than the standing forest of 2500 plants/hectare in density, expands
Gap size is opened up with 70~100m2Holt window be advisable.
3, it determines and sparselys fell object with label
The determination principle for sparselying fell object is：Cut down it is small stay big, removal overlord wood, sick rotten wood, overstocked forest and influence other
The upper layer forest of tree growth.It is cut down to quasi- except forest carries out red paint label.
4, the selective thinning time
Sparsely fell that selection of time tree growth is in suspend mode or close to dormant state when is compared.Subalpine in western Sichuan area
It is arranged in November or 2~March carries out preferably.
5, Job Operations and slash disposal are sparselyed fell
The removal wood of red paint label number is cuted down with chain saw.It is that the plants such as moss are retained to preserve the heterogeneity in habitat
More habitats and sanctuary, it is desirable that stub indwelling at least 50cm；Simultaneously during sparselying fell operation, as possible under reserve
Vegetable layer, the Rapid development to sparsely fell rear understory species layer create conditions, and retain more brood bodies.Remaining tree trunk is sparselyed fell to be used as
Timber, branches and leaves original place is along the band-like stacking nature decomposition of contour.
6, complement operation with it is perfect
According to the standard of design, after the completion of operation, need further to verify the woods window after cutting down with layout, for not
The operation processing progress amendment appropriate for meeting mentioned above principle is perfect.
Two, deciduous species and Colored- leaf Plants are introduced
(1) in the annual time in early spring (2~April), in the woods window of above-mentioned intermediate cutting, the local own broad-leaved in river west is introduced
Seeds and Colored- leaf Plants avoid introducing the phenomenon that exotic tree species cause species invasion.Each seeds are uniformly planted (e.g., introduces 4 kinds altogether
Seeds, then each seeds introduction volume is 1:1:1：1), planting density is 2~3/10m2。
(2) mainly based on birch and lacquer tree, incorporation way is deciduous species：Nutrient bag seedling is introduced, to be added to nitro
The degradable nourishing bag of humic acid fills Nutrition Soil, cultivates the seeds to breeding strong sprout, then carries out transplanting and buries, transplanted
Retain nutrient bag in journey, to ensure that Nutrition Soil is fully entered with seeds in soil in bag.Transplant the depth buried be 20~
30cm/.
(3) based on maple, Sorbus alnifloria, larix mastersiana, incorporation way is Colored- leaf Plants：Introducing bare-root seeding, height of seedling 1.0~
1.5m, transplanting dig cave and are：0.3×0.3×0.4m.Before transplanting, using containing the Huang that quality is 10% bacillus subtilis bacteria preparation
Muddy water carries out slurry root to bare-root seeding.
Three, the composition of degradable nourishing bag
1, degradable nonwoven fabrics are prepared：By quality accounting, group is divided into, 55 parts of wheat straw fibers, 5 parts of hydroxylmethyl celluloses
Element, 10 parts of nitro humic acids, 15 parts of cornstarch.By 60 parts of water, wheat straw fiber, hydroxymethyl cellulose, nitro humic acid,
Cornstarch, which is put into hydrabrusher, is crushed mixing, then through carding machine and random web-laying equipment, carries out screen cloth molding, obtain degradable
Non-woven fabrics.It, can the other components of equivalence replacement comprising nitro humic acid and in the case of plant fiber；It can also be used other equivalent
Each component is prepared into non-woven fabrics by mode, does not influence subsequently to use.
2, according to nursery plant situation, barreled is made into non-woven fabrics cutting, the non-woven fabrics nutrient bag that upper end can be elastic, size
It is advisable with all wrapping up lower root system of plant and slightly having more than needed, built-in Nutrition Soil.
Nutrition Soil is general trees Composite nutrient soil, can obtain the sludge of sewage treatment plants after the processing such as charing
The soil arrived can also directly use bentonite, volcanic ash, diatomite etc. fluffy and the soil rich in certain nutrient is made as substrate
For substrate, then add nitrogen, phosphorus, K compound fertilizer and root-inducing powder.
Four, the component of bacillus subtilis bacteria preparation
Bacillus subtilis is purchased from Su Kehan biologies Co., Ltd, it is 1 × 10 to be watered and be diluted to effective bacterial content7cfu/
The bacteria suspension (now with the current) of mL, as bacteria preparation.
The present invention is specifically described with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment one：The effect of nutrient bag
2 months chose the birch strong sprout of 30 plant of 0.5 ± 0.1m high, and were randomly divided into three groups in experimental plot, every group 10 plants,
Respectively processing group, positive controls and blank control group.
After the birch sapling of processing group was using degradable nourishing bag nursery 1 month, even bag transplanting is buried.Wherein, nutrient bag
Built-in Nutrition Soil, quality group become：Volcanic ash compress substrate Nutrition Soil 75%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6%, urea 7%, root-inducing powder
1%, surplus is water.Dosage is：Fill up all spaces in addition to root system in bag.
The Nutrition Soil group of processing group is divided into conventional N, P, K composite fertilizer component, is easy to operate, present invention full text uses this
The Nutrition Soil of component.When practical application, equivalence replacement and adjustment can be carried out to component according to reality and needs.
Positive controls after 1 month, are removed bag, keep soil in bag as possible using common non-degradable nutritional bag purchased in market
Earth is complete, transplants and buries together with Nutrition Soil.The component and dosage of Nutrition Soil used are identical as processing group.
Blank control group directly bare-root seeding nursery 1 month in the soil, when nursery, will with above-mentioned processing group same composition and
The Nutrition Soil of equivalent is put into nursery hole, fills out nursery behind hole.After 1 month, root system is kept completely to dig out as possible, and related root system
Neighbouring soil remigrates together to bury.
When each group transplanting, planting depth is 25 ± 5cm, compacting soil after banketing, and keeps sapling straight.It is right after plantation
Each group sapling carry out periodically, simultaneously, equivalent watering, and after plantation 1 month, equivalent top dressing is carried out to each group：Use city
Purchase composite fertilizer, annular groove fertilising.
1,3,6 month after the completion of transplanting, observe the growth situation of each group sapling.And in top dressing latter week,
The other soil hardening situation of sample detection each group, using soil weight rate of change as standard, computational methods are：Soil weight rate of change
=(soil weight-experimental plot initial soil unit weight in top dressing latter week)/experimental plot initial soil unit weight.The results are shown in Table 1.
1 each group sapling growing state of table compares
As can be seen from the above table, coordinate nutrition seedlings and soil using the degradable nourishing bag of the present invention, birch can be significantly improved
The survival rate of seedling, and being significantly improved to the soil weight, the problem of effectively preventing soil hardening after nursery top dressing.Meanwhile
Nursery early growth period is also obviously improved the speed of growth of sapling.
Embodiment two：The effect of bacillus subtilis bacteria preparation
March chooses the larix mastersiana strong sprout of 30 plant of 0.5 ± 0.1m high, is randomly divided into three groups of equivalent in experimental plot,
As processing group, positive controls and blank control group.It is planted in the way of above-mentioned introducing Colored- leaf Plants.Wherein, it handles
Group uses the yellow mud water slurry root containing bacteria preparation；Positive controls use the equivalent yellow mud water slurry root without bacteria preparation, blank control
For group without slurry root processing, remaining planting patterns is identical with condition.After 3 months, the other growth feelings of each group are observed
Condition, as shown in table 2.
2 each group sapling growing state of table compares
| Growing state | Processing group | Positive controls | Blank control group |
| Survival sapling number | 10 | 9 | 7 |
| Average production height | 47cm | 40cm | 33cm |
As can be seen from the above table, after carrying out slurry root to plant using the yellow mud water containing bacteria preparation, plant can be significantly improved
Survival rate and the speed of growth.
Embodiment three：Man-made spruce forest is transformed
(1) implement time, place：Technology enforcement place was Mao County forestry bureau phoenix instrument forest farm (In Dagou Basin), in 2007 7
The middle of the month selects 30 hectares of inefficient Man-made spruce forests, tests the height above sea level 2151m in place, the gradient 14.3, and soil types is that mountainous region is dark
Brown earth.
(2) context parameter is investigated：The growth end of the season that control time is 2007,9~October carry out.It is artificial by inefficient dragon spruce
The 10% of woods transformation object area is sampled investigation, passes through sample investigation method, investigation woods window center, Qiao of border, filling, grass seeds
Class and above and below ground biomass；At woods window and control woods center are away from earth's surface 5cm and underground 10cm, placement 1 is micro- respectively
Type epidemic disaster automatic recording instrument (I-button DS1923-F5, USA) investigates woods window center position ground, underground humiture；Make
The upward capture below plant canopy with 180 degree fish eye lens and fine definition digital camera, each sample from three differences
Capture is carried out, picture is handled with professional software Hemiview and obtains LAI and total transmittancy；The core cutter method survey soil weight,
Porosity and water-holding capacity；It is fetched earth using layering multipoint method in woods window center position, for studying each basic physicochemical property of soil.
Investigation result is：The main forest land parameter on sample ground is canopy density 0.81, and 2650 plant/hectare of tree density, breastheight are straight
Diameter (diameter at breast height, follow-up abbreviation DBH) is 19.1cm, the high 10.0m of tree, understory species cover degree 25%,
Litter-fall cover degree 85%.
Based on survey data, situations such as according to forest land density, height, understory species development and ground cover, using compare, phase
Closing property and the comprehensive statistics method such as variance analysis, assessment stand structure situation, tree growth gesture grade (dominant tree, average tree with
Suppressed tree) and competition intensity, surface vegetation development, updating ability and environmental aspect etc..
Assessment result is：It is the Man-made spruce forest typical artificial thick forest (density is more than 2500 plants/hectare), hayashishita ring
Border is dark and damp, and illumination is weak, and Litter-fall ulking thickness is big, and suppressed tree occupies the 26% of total forest, and hayashishita there is no update nursery stock,
The only shade tolerance draft of only a few.
(3) Retrofit Countermeasures：Tree layer structure is sparselyed fell, expanded gap size is 109m2、196m2, woods window is arranged as
Random alignment, it is 28% to carry out the overall intensity of intermediate cutting.Sparselying fell object is：Suppressed tree, a small amount of sick rotten wood, Ba Wangmu.
(4) determination and the label of object are sparselyed fell：The determination principle for sparselying fell object be cut down it is small stay big, removal overlord's wood etc., it is main
Cut down rotten wood of preventing or cure a disease, overstocked forest and the upper layer forest for influencing other tree growths.It is cut down to quasi- except forest carries out red paint mark
Note.
(5) the selective thinning time：It carries out sparselying fell processing 2,008 2~March.
(6) Job Operations and slash disposal are sparselyed fell：The removal wood of red paint label number is cuted down with chain saw.To protect
The heterogeneity in habitat is deposited, is that the plants such as moss retain more habitats and sanctuary, stub indwelling at least 50cm；It is dredging simultaneously
During cutting down operation, vegetable layer under reserve, the Rapid development to sparsely fell rear understory species layer create conditions as possible, retain more
More brood bodies.It sparselys fell remaining tree trunk and is used as timber, branches and leaves original place is along the band-like stacking nature decomposition of contour.
(7) complement operation with it is perfect：According to step (3) design standard, after the completion of operation, need to after cutting down woods window and
Layout is further verified, and overall thinning weight is no more than 28%, sparselys fell gap size control in 100~200m2：For not conforming to
It is perfect that the operation processing of reason carries out amendment appropriate.
Birch, lacquer tree, larix mastersiana and Sorbus alnifloria, introducing side are introduced in the above-mentioned woods window sparselyed fell (8) 2008 year 3~April
Formula is carried out by above-mentioned steps two (method for introducing deciduous species and Colored- leaf Plants) and the method for embodiment one and embodiment two.
(9) result return visit is carried out in August, 2012, compared in August, 2007：
1) the net productivity of standing forest of full woods is minimum increases 1.5t/ha/a, and highest increases 3.1t/ha/a, biological sequestration
Ability averagely improves 30%, and forest carbon accumulation averagely improves 40%.
2) understory species cover degree is averagely increased to 60% or more, and hayashishita species richness averagely increases 40%.
3) the water conservation ability in forest land is significantly improved, soil water content averagely increases 18.8%, soil fertility
Also it is improved：The organic matter of soil humic layer averagely increases 26.3%；Ammonium nitrogen averagely increases 315.9%, nitrate nitrogen
Averagely reduce 95.6%.Soil humic layer microbial activity significantly increases, earth's surface shade plants well-grown.
Example IV：Artifical pine forest is transformed
(1) implement time, place：Technology enforcement place is Mao County forestry bureau phoenix instrument forest farm (towns Feng Yi), in July, 2007
The middle ten days selects 20 hectares of inefficient Artifical pine forests, tests the height above sea level 1960m in place, the gradient 10.3, and soil types is mountainous region dark brown earth.
(2) context parameter is investigated：9~October that control time is arranged in growth end of the season carries out.Using the tune of embodiment three
Checking method, investigation result are：1960m, the gradient 14.0, soil types are mountain brown earth, forest land canopy density 0.82, tree density
2321 plants/hectare, DBH 15.4cm, the high 11.2m of tree, understory species cover degree 12.3%, Litter-fall cover degree 82%.
Based on investigation result, assessed：The artificial pineland be typical artificial thick forest (2300~2500 plants of density/
Hectare), undergrowth environment is dark and damp, and illumination is weak, and Litter-fall 8~10cm of ulking thickness, suppressed tree occupies the 22% of total forest, hayashishita base
It forms productivity of forest stand accordingly without update nursery stock, the shade tolerance draft of only few data in sheet and improves and stand conversion pair
Plan, i.e., sparsely fell Tree layer structure that (thinning intensity 25%, sparselys fell target：Suppressed tree+a small amount of sick rotten wood and overlord's wood).
(3) Retrofit Countermeasures：Tree layer structure is sparselyed fell, thinning intensity 25%, sparselying fell object is：Suppressed tree is lacked
The sick rotten wood of amount, Ba Wangmu；Expanded gap size is 70~100m2, woods window is arranged as random alignment, and carrying out overall thinning intensity is
25%.
(4) determination and the label of object are sparselyed fell：The determination principle for sparselying fell object be cut down it is small stay big, removal overlord's wood etc., it is main
Cut down rotten wood of preventing or cure a disease, overstocked forest and the upper layer forest for influencing other tree growths.It is cut down to quasi- except forest carries out red paint mark
Note.
(5) the selective thinning time：It is sparselyed fell in November or 2~March.
(6) Job Operations and slash disposal are sparselyed fell：The removal wood of red paint label number is cuted down with chain saw.To protect
The heterogeneity in habitat is deposited, is that the plants such as moss retain more habitats and sanctuary, it is desirable that stub indwelling at least 50cm；Simultaneously
During sparselying fell operation, vegetable layer under reserve, the Rapid development to sparsely fell rear understory species layer create conditions as possible, protect
Stay more brood bodies.It sparselys fell residue tree trunk and is used as timber, branches and leaves original place is along the band-like stacking nature decomposition of contour.
(7) complement operation with it is perfect：According to step (3) design standard, after the completion of operation, need to after cutting down woods window and
Layout is further verified, and overall thinning weight is no more than 25%, sparselys fell gap size control in 70~100m2：Size for
It is perfect that unreasonable operation processing carries out amendment appropriate.
(8) 2008 year 3~April introduced birch, lacquer tree, larix mastersiana and Sorbus alnifloria in woods window, and incorporation way presses above-mentioned step
Rapid two：The method and the method for embodiment one and embodiment two for introducing deciduous species and Colored- leaf Plants carry out.
(9) result return visit is carried out in August, 2012, compared in August, 2007：
1) application of the low intensive renovation technique scheme of pine plantation-Huashan pine Low-efficiency forest can significantly improve hayashishita earth's surface
Micro climate and soil quality and environmental resource special heterogeneity, promote tree growth and productivity of forest stand, moreover it is possible to effectively facilitate
The recovery of hayashishita biology (soil animal, plant, microorganism) multifarious recurrence and the non-forest tree resource of hayashishita, pushes forest to continue
It develops in a healthy way.
2) while not increasing timbered soil carbon emission, full woods increases the standing forest minimum 1.2t/ha/a of net productivity, highest
Up to 2.6t/ha/a, biological sequestration ability averagely improves 22%.
3) understory species cover degree is increased to 55% or more, and hayashishita species richness averagely increases 33%.
4) the water conservation ability in forest land is significantly improved, soil water content averagely increases by 16.2%, soil fertility
It is improved：The organic matter of soil humic layer averagely increases 28.5%；Ammonium nitrogen averagely increases 308.3%, and nitrate nitrogen is flat
Reduce 92.9%.Soil humic layer microbial activity significantly increases, earth's surface shade plants well-grown.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method, it is characterised in that：Including following link：
(1) holt window intermediate cutting sparse woods：
1) forest zone growing state, stand structure, ground surface environment situation are investigated and is assessed annual 9~October；
2) according to the investigation result of step 1), confirm gap size, woods window quantity, optimal combination and the layout of deforestation；
3) it determines and marks and sparsely fell object；
4) it is sparselyed fell the 2~March in the November of current year or next year；
5) to sparselying fell result verify and correct again；
(2) deciduous species are introduced：
In the woods window of step (1) intermediate cutting, the local own deciduous species in river west based on birch and lacquer tree, incorporation way are introduced
For：Degradable nourishing bag to be added to nitro humic acid cultivates the seeds to breeding strong sprout, then carries out transplanting and buries, moves
Retain nutrient bag during planting；It is 20~30cm/ to transplant embedded depth；
(3) Colored- leaf Plants are introduced：
1) in the woods window of step (1) intermediate cutting, the local own color leaf tree in river west based on maple, Sorbus alnifloria, larix mastersiana is introduced
Kind, incorporation way is：Bare-root seeding, 1.0~1.5m of height of seedling are introduced, transplanting digs cave and is：0.3×0.3×0.4m；
2) before transplanting, slurry root is carried out to bare-root seeding using the yellow mud water for the bacillus subtilis bacteria preparation for being 10% containing quality.
2. western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) is described really
Recognizing gap size, woods window quantity, optimal combination and layout, principle is：Intermediate cutting amount is no more than the 30% of the public welfare forest gross area；Woods window
It is nested in patch shape；It is more than the public welfare forest of 2500 plants/hectare for thickness of stand, forest gap area is 100~200m2；For woods
The wooden density is less than the public welfare forest of 2500 plants/hectare, and forest gap area is 70~100m2。
3. western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) is described to dredge
Object is cut down, specially：Overlord's wood, sick rotten wood, overstocked forest and the upper layer forest for influencing other tree growths.
4. western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (1) is described to dredge
It cuts down, principle is：The forest sparselyed fell, stub indwelling >=50cm；Vegetable layer under reserve when sparselying fell.
5. western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (2) is described to be added
The degradable nourishing bag of nitro humic acid, quality group has been added to become：55 parts of wheat straw fibers, 5 parts of hydroxymethyl celluloses, 10 parts
Nitro humic acid, 15 parts of cornstarch, 60 parts of water.
6. western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3) is described withered
It is 1 × 10 that careless bacillus bacteria preparation, which is effective bacterial content,7The bacteria suspension of cfu/mL.
7. western sichuan region ecological public welfare forests remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (2) and step
(3) deciduous species and Colored- leaf Plants introduced press 1 in deforestation window:1 ratio uniform plantation, planting density be 2~3/
10m2, the introducing time is annual 2~April.
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