CN103688838B - A kind of intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method and application - Google Patents
A kind of intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN103688838B CN103688838B CN201310709496.5A CN201310709496A CN103688838B CN 103688838 B CN103688838 B CN 103688838B CN 201310709496 A CN201310709496 A CN 201310709496A CN 103688838 B CN103688838 B CN 103688838B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method, utilize phenolic foam board as floating carrier, high density cuttage willow cuttings, is positioned in nursery pond, injects nutrient solution, and every 14d changes one time of nutrition liquid, and willow takes root rudiment soon, and growth potential is good.The inventive method has regulated and controled the environmental factor such as fertility, temperature, moisture needed for willow growth to greatest extent, and Liu Miao leaf is generous, dark green.Willow root system is extremely flourishing, and root fresh weight is higher than earth culture 8 ~ 10 times.Whole growing-seedling period is the 3-4 month, and the nursery of more traditional field, shortens seedling raise period widely.The Liu Miao cultivated has higher drought resisting and waterlogging-resistant ability, is more suitable for afforesting under lack of water or the undue saturation conditions of moisture.The present invention has operability, the feature such as practical.Shorten seedling raise period, improve seedling density, reduce costs.Realize the extensive intensive seedling production of modern plantization.Can the short time for produce and ecotope engineering a large amount of Liu Miao is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation and nursery field, relate to a kind of intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method and application.
Background technology
Willow is important resource plant, and the whole world about has 330 ~ 500 kinds.Willow has multiple use, has higher economic worth and the ecological value, as willow can be processed into sheet material, for papermaking etc.; Willow fast-growing, biomass is large, can be used as bioenergy material, as wormwood artemisia willow, Mao Zhiliu have become important energy willow; Folium Pterocaryae is of high nutritive value, can as animal feed etc.; Many willows have higher ornamental value, as weeping willow, dragon's paw willow, Salix gracilistyla, floral leaf purple willow etc.As pioneer tree species, willow can adapt to severe habitat, as barren in dark humidity, waterflooding, arid, high salt, nutrition etc.Willow fast-growing, very easily vegetative propagation, Sprout reproduction ability is strong, can once cultivate income for many years, more mcroorganism amount is obtained by short circulation phase densification intensive cultivating, root system dark (filtered by rhizosphere and plant fixing means rehabilitating soil and underground water), transpiration efficiency high (be conducive to soil and water and pollute removal), Nutrient Absorption and availability high (repairing nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication water).In the last few years, willow had been widely used in, in ecotope engineering, as agroforestry, water and soil conservation and environment remediation etc., obtaining significant Benefits in economic and social terms.
Tradition willow nursery and cultivation comprise direct inserted link method, bareroot seedling method and seed seedling-raising method.Direct truncheon afforestation directly uses willow branch and branch bar cutting forset-plantation, is generally applicable on the spot soil condition preferably, and the method needs soil intensive cultivation to do with essence, and needs a large amount of branch, and survival rate affects by soil condition.Advantages such as at present, in China, production still adopting and is first bred as seedlings (being generally life in 1 ~ 2 year) in nursery, and then play transplantation of seedlings afforestation, this method has that survival rate is high, strong stress resistance, growth potential are good, is still and produces above main method of forestation.Seed seedling-raising method, is generally only limitted to willow breeding aspect, production seldom relates to.Willow Main Cultivation is in severe habitat, and as the Plain, beach, marsh etc. of lean soil, easily flood, these land occupation conditions require higher seedling quality, the survival rate etc. that guarantee is higher, so still need to improve seedling quality to ensure survival rate and growth gesture.Still advocate to cultivate 1,2 year willow bareroot seedling because China produces to transplant forest culture and management be master, this needs large-scale breeding willow bareroot seedling.But conventional field nursery (mainly conventional earth culture nursery) has shortcomings, take up room large, need to tie up with the good arable land of soil property; Labour intensity is large, and cuttage needs a large amount of manpower, and lifting needs larger human and material resources, financial resources; The shortcomings such as growing-seedling period is long, and management cost is high.
Floating nursing seedling in nutrient water-bed technology a kind ofly extensively to use and the seedling-cultivating method promoted on farm product, as large-scale commercial application on the crop such as tobacco, cotton, achieves significant economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method, realized by following steps:
(1) gather the raw willow branch full without damage by disease and insect, bud then, being cut into length is 10 ~ 15cm cuttings, and cutting end is tiltedly cut; The cuttings sheared is tied by 50 a bundles, is placed in running water and soaks 2d (3 water are changed in centre), make cuttings suction moisture;
(2) the cutting of having soaked by the cuttage of 15 × 10cm distance between rows and hills on thickness 3cm phenolic foam board (PF plate);
(3) nutrient solution is prepared,
Nutrient solution 1 is filled a prescription: be made up of 1 mmol/L nitrate of lime, 1.25 mmol/L potassium nitrate, 0.5 mmol/L magnesium sulfate, 0.5 mmol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), 25 μm of ol/L molysite (Fe-EDTA), boric acid 1.43mg/L, zinc chloride 0.06mg/L, copper chloride 0.003mg/L, manganese chloride 0.01mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.02mg/L;
Nutrient solution 2 is filled a prescription: by 0.86g/L agricultural application balance composite fertilizer ((44%) N-P-K ratio is 13-10-21), and 6.74mg/L molysite (Fe-EDTA), 1.43mg/L boric acid, 0.06mg/L zinc chloride, 0.003mg/L copper chloride, 0.01mg/L manganese chloride, 0.02mg/L sodium molybdate form;
(4) build Flotage seedling raising pool, the general nursery pond degree of depth is 20 ~ 30cm, length and width visual space and determine;
(5) the PF plate with cuttings is lain in nursery pond;
(6) maintenance management, first with running water or river in nursery pond, object promotes rooting of cuttings and rudiment; After seedling rooting, running water or river are replaced with nutrient solution, select a kind of nutrient solution prescription wherein, every 14d changes 1 nutrient solution; Solution culture method maintains March, keeps cuttings bud.After 3 months, keep cuttings bud, leading thread is about 0.5cm, and height of seedling degree is 1.5 ~ 2.0m.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of described method in willow intensive seedling production, the application mainly in floating seedlings.
The present invention utilize ecological friendly, toughness is stronger and corrosion-resistant phenolic foam board (PF plate) as floating carrier, high density cuttage willow cuttings, be positioned in nursery pond, inject nutrient solution, one time of nutrition liquid is changed at every 14d interval, willow takes root rudiment soon (rootage duration is 6 ~ 7d about), and growth potential is good.Intensive floating seedlings technology has regulated and controled the environmental factor such as fertility, temperature, moisture needed for willow growth to greatest extent, and Liu Miao leaf is generous, dark green.Willow root system is extremely flourishing, and root fresh weight is higher than earth culture 8 ~ 10 times.Whole growing-seedling period is the 3-4 month, and height of seedling can reach 2m, and leading thread can reach 1cm.The nursery of more traditional field, shortens seedling raise period widely.Method of educating that nutrient solution is floating is cultivated Liu Miao and is all existed than the seedling quality of conventional seedbed system and significantly improve, and has higher drought resisting and waterlogging-resistant ability, is more suitable for afforesting under lack of water or the undue saturation conditions of moisture.Willow floating seedlings increases the regularity of Liu Miao, has operability, the feature such as practical.Shorten seedling raise period, reduce seedlings growing area, unit are seedling density can improve greatly, reduces costs, and has more flourishing root system and larger root/shoot ratio, be easy to reach strong sprout, meanwhile, simplify with transplanting without weeds, lifting, fortune seedling, save seedbed, seasonal constraint can be broken, realize the extensive intensive seedling production of modern plantization.Can the short time for produce and ecotope engineering a large amount of Liu Miao is provided.
The inventive method can not be subject to seasonal restrictions, and can realize rapid propagation in factory, with low cost, highly intensive, and one side is long-pending emerges many, and emerge fast, survival rate is high, and industrialization prospect is effective.The inventive method root system development is better, has larger root/shoot ratio, has practical, with low cost, can shorten the advantages such as seedling-growing time.
embodiment:
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the embodiments.
embodiment 1 water cutting nursery
In experimental farm, Zhejiang University Hua Jiachi school district, build seedbed 1.5 m, the degree of depth is 15 cm, then sprinkles one deck 5cm, and fine sand of thickness is slotting machine, and spreading husky object is be fixing bigslip.Dry land willow, weeping willow, purple willow, dragon's paw willow, Salix gracilistyla cutting (length is 10 cm) are directly inserted in sand, then inject running water, cutting is above surfaced.Water cutting can produce adventive root in 1 week, then transplants.Cultivate a period of time, carry out second time and transplant.This method nursery reproductive efficiency is low, and whole process uses running water, and whole process plant can only utilize the nutrition of self to grow, and the time grow, seedling growing way difference (leaf is yellow), and carefully, root is short and thin, causes increasing seedling raise period for leaf.
embodiment 2 cuttage and seedling culture
Nursery lot is positioned at experimental farm, Zhejiang University Hua Jiachi school district.Deep plough in nursery, cultivated land the degree of depth be 20 ~ 30cm as seedbed, seedbed width is 1.5m.Dry land willow, weeping willow, purple willow, dragon's paw willow, the every root cutting of Salix gracilistyla have 1 ~ 2 bud, and length is 10 cm, and cutting spacing in the rows is 20cm line-spacing is 50cm, directly enters in soil by cutting, waters after cuttage.After 1 week, leafing of taking root.This method is current common method, but labour intensity is large, and reproduction coefficient is low, and the work journey amount of last lifting is large, adds seedling cost.
embodiment 3 floating seedlings
Implement in greenhouse, experimental farm, Zhejiang University Hua Jiachi school district.
(1) Flotage seedling raising pool is set up.Set up nursery pond---cement pit, specification for length be 5 m, wide be 0.45 cm, dark 0.30 cm, cement wall thickness is 6 cm, and for preventing seepage, nursery pond water-repellent paint is coated with one time.
(2) nursery carrier, select thickness to be 3 ~ 5 report cm phenolic foam board (PF) warming plate, this cystosepiment quality be soft, toughness is strong, ageing-resistant, corrosion-resistant, bearing capacity greatly, more easy to operate than polyethylene foam sheet.
(3) gather raw willow branch then, as dry land willow, weeping willow, purple willow, dragon's paw willow, Salix gracilistyla etc., rugosity is 0.5 ~ 1cm, bud is full, and branch is neat, without damage by disease and insect, being cut into length is 10 ~ 15cm cuttings, by the neat cuttage of 15 × 10cm distance between rows and hills on PF plate.
(4) by nutrient solution prescription 1 nutrient solution processed; Nutrient solution prescription 1: be made up of 1 mmol/L nitrate of lime, 1.25 mmol/L potassium nitrate, 0.5 mmol/L magnesium sulfate, 0.5 mmol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), 25 μm of ol/L molysite (Fe-EDTA), boric acid 1.43 mg/L, zinc chloride 0.06 mg/L, copper chloride 0.003 mg/L, manganese chloride 0.01 mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.02 mg/L;
(5) the PF plate being covered with cuttings is put into the nursery pond being filled with nutrient solution;
(6) maintenance management:
First stage (7 ~ 10d), be cuttage rooting stage (utilizing cuttings itself affect to promote to sprout), nursery pond is full of and substitutes nutrient solution with running water or river.
Second stage, after cuttage rooting, select nutrient solution prescription 1 or 2 to replace running water, every 14d changes 1 nutrient solution.
Nutrient solution maintain 3 months, the height of seedling can reach 1.5 ~ 2.0m, and leading thread is 1cm, and root length reaches 28cm, and the thick shape of seedling, leaf is generous dark green, and growth potential is higher.Every 1 m
2nursery pond can nursery more than 70 strain, achieves height intensive seedling production, has good industrialization prospect
.this method is significantly better than water cutting nursery and cuttage and seedling culture, and show as seedling quality high, reproduction coefficient improves greatly, and transplanting survival rate is high.
embodiment 4 floating seedlings
Implement place and be positioned at experimental farm, Zhejiang University Hua Jiachi school district.
(1) Flotage seedling raising pool is set up.Set up nursery pond---cement pit, is 20cm deeply at specification to be length and width be 1.8 cm, and cement wall thickness is 6cm, and for preventing seepage, nursery pond water-repellent paint is coated with one time.
(2) nursery carrier, select thickness to be 3 cm phenolic foam boards (PF), this type of template is better than polyethylene foam sheet, more easy to operate.
(3) gather raw willow branch then, as Nanchuan willow, weeping willow, purple willow, dragon's paw willow, Salix gracilistyla etc., rugosity is 0.5 ~ 1cm, bud is full, and branch is neat, without damage by disease and insect, being cut into length is 10 ~ 15cm cuttings, by the neat cuttage of 15 × 10cm distance between rows and hills on PF plate.
(4) prepare nutrient solution in nutrient solution prescription 2: nutrient solution joins 2: by 0.86g/L agricultural application balance composite fertilizer ((44%) N-P-K ratio is 13-10-21), 6.74mg/L molysite (Fe-EDTA), 1.43mg/L boric acid, 0.06mg/L zinc chloride, 0.003mg/L copper chloride, 0.01mg/L manganese chloride, 0.02mg/L sodium molybdate form.
(5) the PF plate being covered with cuttings is put into nursery pond.
(6) maintenance management:
First stage, (7 ~ 10 d), and be cuttage rooting stage (utilizing cuttings itself affect to promote to sprout), nursery pond is full of and substitutes nutrient solution with running water or river.
Second stage, after cuttage rooting, select nutrient solution prescription 2 to replace running water, every 14 d change 1 nutrient solution.
Nutrient solution maintain 3 months, growth potential is high, and the height of seedling can reach 1.5 ~ 2.0m, and leading thread is 1 cm, and well developed root system (slightly growing), the thick shape of seedling, leaf is generous dark green, and growth potential is higher.Every 1 m
2nursery pond can nursery more than 70 strain, achieves height intensive seedling production, has good industrialization prospect
.adopt conventional composite fertilizer nutrient solution prescription, greatly reduce cost.This method is significantly better than water cutting nursery and cuttage and seedling culture, and show as seedling quality high, reproduction coefficient improves greatly, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Claims (2)
1. an intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method, be is characterized in that, realized by following steps:
(1) gather the raw willow branch full without damage by disease and insect, bud then, being cut into length is 10 ~ 15cm cuttings, and cutting end is tiltedly cut; The cuttings sheared is tied by 50, and be placed in running water and soak 2 days, 3 water are changed in centre, make cuttings suction moisture;
(2) the cutting of having soaked by the cuttage of 15 × 10cm distance between rows and hills on thickness 3cm phenolic foam board;
(3) nutrient solution is prepared,
Nutrient solution 1: be made up of 1 mmol/L nitrate of lime, 1.25 mmol/L potassium nitrate, 0.5 mmol/L magnesium sulfate, 0.5 mmol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), 25 μm of ol/L Fe-EDTA, boric acid 1.43mg/L, zinc chloride 0.06mg/L, copper chloride 0.003mg/L, manganese chloride 0.01mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.02mg/L;
Nutrient solution 2: by 0.86g/L agricultural application balance composite fertilizer, 6.74mg/L Fe-EDTA, 1.43mg/L boric acid, 0.06mg/L zinc chloride, 0.003mg/L copper chloride, 0.01mg/L manganese chloride, 0.02mg/L sodium molybdate form; Described agricultural application balance composite fertilizer is 44% composite fertilizer, and wherein N-P-K ratio is 13-10-21;
(4) constructive depth is the Flotage seedling raising pool of 20 ~ 30cm;
(5) phenolic foam board with cuttings is lain in nursery pond;
(6) maintenance management, first with running water or river in nursery pond, after seedling rooting, running water or river are replaced with nutrient solution, and every 14d changes 1 nutrient solution, and Solution culture method maintains March, keep cuttings bud, leading thread is 0.5cm, and height of seedling degree is 1.5 ~ 2.0m; Described nutrient solution selects nutrient solution 1 or nutrient solution 2.
2. the application of a kind of intensive willow floating seedlings culturing method according to claim 1 in willow intensive seedling production, is characterized in that, is the application in the intensive floating seedlings of willow.
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| CN104115651A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-29 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rapid propagation method for cuttage of salix brachypoda |
| CN104365458B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-20 | 东北师范大学 | A kind of northeast purple willow branch cutting method |
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| CN112868516A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-01 | 深圳园林股份有限公司 | Rapid propagation method for woody plants in wetland |
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