CN105340667B - Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method - Google Patents
Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340667B CN105340667B CN201510759160.9A CN201510759160A CN105340667B CN 105340667 B CN105340667 B CN 105340667B CN 201510759160 A CN201510759160 A CN 201510759160A CN 105340667 B CN105340667 B CN 105340667B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method, the ecosystem of prevention soil and water loss is built in a manner of planting mulberry tree, is concretely comprised the following steps：1）The selection gradient is less than 25 ° and slope is wider than 3m purple soil arid hillside field, and some horizontal slopes are built along contour thereon；Mulberry tree is planted on part horizontal slope wherein again and forms the i.e. band of the distance between mulberry tree band, adjacent mulberry tree band away from gradually increasing upwards from described purple soil arid hillside field lower end, make band away from it is overall be under close thin shape；The length of described mulberry tree band is identical with the width of purple soil arid hillside field；2）Long-term cropping on the horizontal slope between the horizontal slope of mulberry tree is implanted with two neighboring kind；3）Every year periodically to step 1）The mulberry tree of middle plantation carries out shortening trimming.The present invention has good annidation and anti-adversity ability, and " using mulberry as hedge " structure reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree system has good ecology and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural environment pollution Treatment process field, specially reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control
Soil erosion system constituting method.
Background technology
Soil erosion causes soil fertility to decline, water-holding capacity weakens, and is agricultural non-point source pollution and body eutrophication
" source ".Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field is soil erosion district occurred frequently, and arid hillside field soil erosion is mainly by internal factor and outer
Portion's factor is influenceed, and internal factor has landform, physical features, soil texture and nutrient content etc., and external factor is then with rainfall, soil profit
Based on mode, cropping pattern and vegetation coverage etc..
At present, the measure of preventing and treating arid hillside field soil erosion both at home and abroad is broadly divided into engineering measure and Ecological Measures.Engineering is arranged
Apply including building retaining ditch and embankment, drainage ditch on slope, water storage works on slope and terraced fields etc., such a measure can block soil to a certain extent
Water storage reaches the purpose of water and soil preventing and treating, but the shortcomings of quantities is big, time-consuming effort and economy and ecological benefits are undesirable be present.
Ecological Measures are divided into soil measure and agricultural measures again, and soil measure is directed to apply soil conditioner, fixative etc. in soil
Synthetic, reaching improves soil texture, fixing soil, the purpose for reducing soil erosion, and such a measure is to a certain extent
The shortcomings that compensate for engineering measure time-consuming effort, but there is also the problems such as cost of labor is high, ecological risk is big；Agricultural measures be
Follow the water and soil prevention and control measure implemented in ecological material round-robin basis, including deep ploughing, Contour farming, crop cover covering, ridge work
Area field and plant hedge etc..Such measure has cost low, and continuity is strong, it is profitable on ecology the advantages that, in arid hillside field soil erosion
It is widely used and promotes with Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution field.
Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field has the ecology such as terrain complexity, the shallow, soil erosion coefficient height of soil layer crisp
Weak feature, its prevention and control of soil erosion are not suitable for using substantial amounts of engineering measure, and the water and soil of appropriate design should be considered from ecological view
It is lost in prophylactico-therapeutic measures.
The content of the invention
For deficiencies of the prior art, it is special that the present invention combines reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field topography and geomorphology
Point, Land-Use, typical cropping pattern and Economic Development Status, propose reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control water
Soil is lost in system constituting method.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method, it is characterised in that in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
The mode of area purple soil arid hillside field plantation mulberry tree builds the ecosystem of prevention soil and water loss, comprises the following steps：
1）The selection gradient is less than 25 ° and slope is wider than 3m purple soil arid hillside field, and some horizontal strokes are built along contour thereon
Slope；Mulberry tree is planted on part horizontal slope wherein again and forms the distance between mulberry tree band, adjacent mulberry tree band i.e. band away from from described
Purple soil arid hillside field lower end gradually increase upwards, make band away from it is overall be under close thin shape；The length of described mulberry tree band and purple
The width of color soil arid hillside field is identical.
2）Long-term cropping on the horizontal slope between the horizontal slope of mulberry tree is implanted with two neighboring kind.
3）Every year periodically to step 1）The mulberry tree of middle plantation carries out shortening trimming.
Further, by step 1）Described in mulberry tree band be configured to increment mulberry band prevention and control system, i.e., by mulberry tree band in purple
A point three-level is planted from the bottom up on the length direction of native arid hillside field, and every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands, described first, second,
The band of the mulberry tree band of the third level is away from respectively 1 ~ 3m, 5 ~ 7m, 9 ~ 11m；Wherein, the quantity of second level mulberry tree band is no less than the third level
Mulberry tree with quantity 1/3rd, the quantity of first order mulberry tree band is no less than 1/3rd of second level mulberry tree with quantity.
Further, by step 1）Described in mulberry tree band be configured to four Bian Sangge prevention and control systems, i.e., first by mulberry tree band in purple
Point upper and lower two-stage plantation on the length direction of color soil arid hillside field, every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands, wherein, the mulberry of upper and lower level
The band of tree belt is away from respectively 3 ~ 5m, 6 ~ 8m, and the quantity of subordinate's mulberry tree band is no less than 1/3rd of higher level mulberry tree with quantity；Again
The corresponding end of adjacent two mulberry treies band is distinguished into line, and mulberry tree is planted on the line, makes adjacent two mulberry treies band and its both ends
Line surrounds clathrate, so as to form several mulberry lattice.
Further, described mulberry tree specifically includes following steps using mulberry tree sprigging-shortening trimming method plantation：
（1）Mulberry sapling is transplanted to described reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field in the December of First Year, according to spacing in the rows 35-
55 cm carry out vertical planting and earthing tamps, and pour field planting water, stripling is slightly.
（2）After Second Year spring germinates, the 2-3 bud that growing way is sturdy, is reasonably distributed is selected and remain, remaining bud is all erased,
The bud for making to select and remain grows up to the sturdy branch of 2-3 roots in Second Year, and can pluck a small amount of mulberry leaf and feed silkworm.
（3）Cut off before the 3rd year, mulberry tree germination away from the branch on the 25-35 cm of ground, treat that sprouting grows to 10-15 cm
When, the 4-6 bud that growing way is sturdy, is reasonably distributed is selected and remain in every branch, remaining bud is all erased；The bud for making to select and remain grows up to branch
Bar, summer to autumn can gather mulberry leaf sericulture in batches.
（4）In the 4th year, top branch is cut off, it is strong to select and remain growing way when sprouting grows to 10-15 cm, on every branch
2-3 sprouting be allowed to grow, cut cutting down to winter.
Wherein, it is to cut vigorous branches at the upward 12-15 cm of base portion to cut the method cut down, and retains 2-3 hibernaculum, is cut when cutting down
Portion position is cut under it should be noted that should be in 1-2 cm or so above bud, and clip should be smooth, ensures that cortex is not destroyed, while bud
Reverse side be cut into shape of a hoof inclined-plane, so that otch heals early.It is later annual periodically to carry out shortening trimming.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
1st, the structure of reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system can effectively disperse rainwash, drop
Low flow velocity, increase soil infiltration, Littoral Barrier, so as to reduce earth's surface soil erosion, reach the purpose of storing water and preserving fertility.Utilize purple
Native arid hillside field mulberry tree system can be effectively increased soils remediation technolgy 20%-35%, improve soil nutrient 9%-13%, Littoral Barrier 60%-
80%, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss 30%-70% and 50%-90%.
2nd, the structure of reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system can lift soil fertility, optimize farming and sericulture
Space structure, hydro-thermal fertile resource is rationally utilized, ensure that farming and sericulture is double and receive, drive the industry development.Purple soil arid hillside field-mulberry tree system is excellent
Corn yield 300-500kg/ha, hot pickled mustard tube yield 1000-2000kg/ha, mulberry yield 500-700 kg/ can be increased by changing configuration
Ha, increase Household income 0.5-1.5 ten thousand yuan/year, lift local rural economy benefit 0.5%-1.5%.
3rd, the structure of reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system realizes ecological protection and plantation
Pattern is combined, and is environment-friendly, environmental health, the soil erosion prevention and control scheme of sustainable use, while add Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Area's arid hillside field diversified economy and bio-diversity, beautify arid hillside field environment, promote the ecological agriculture to excellent development.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field increment mulberry band system schematic that the present invention is built；
Fig. 2 is the side mulberry case system schematic diagram of reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field four that the present invention is built.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field has the ecology such as terrain complexity, the shallow, soil erosion coefficient height of soil layer crisp
Weak feature, its prevention and control of soil erosion are not suitable for using substantial amounts of engineering measure.Reservoir area of Three Gorges just have from ancient times " kind Sang Yangcan " tradition,
Mulberry tree possesses extremely flourishing root system, easily cultivation, has good annidation and anti-adversity ability, " using mulberry as hedge " structure three
Gorge reservoir area purple soil arid hillside field-mulberry tree system has good ecology and economic benefit.
Reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method, it is characterised in that in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
The mode of area purple soil arid hillside field plantation mulberry tree builds the ecosystem of prevention soil and water loss, comprises the following steps：
1）The selection gradient is less than 25 ° and slope is wider than 3m purple soil arid hillside field, and some horizontal strokes are built along contour thereon
Slope；Mulberry tree is planted on part horizontal slope wherein again and forms the distance between mulberry tree band, adjacent mulberry tree band i.e. band away from from described
Purple soil arid hillside field lower end gradually increase upwards, make band away from it is overall be under close thin shape；The length of described mulberry tree band and purple
The width of color soil arid hillside field is identical.
2）Long-term cropping on the horizontal slope between the horizontal slope of mulberry tree is implanted with two neighboring kind.
3）Every year periodically to step 1）The mulberry tree of middle plantation carries out shortening trimming.
As a preferred embodiment, by step 1）Described in mulberry tree band be configured to increment mulberry band prevention and control system,
I.e. by mulberry tree band, a point three-level is planted from the bottom up on the length direction of purple soil arid hillside field, and every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands,
The band of first, second, third grade described of mulberry tree band is away from respectively 1 ~ 3m, 5 ~ 7m, 9 ~ 11m；Wherein, second level mulberry tree band
Quantity is no less than 1/3rd of third level mulberry tree with quantity, and the quantity of first order mulberry tree band is no less than second level mulberry tree band quantity
1/3rd.
As a preferred embodiment, by step 1）Described in mulberry tree band be configured to four Bian Sangge prevention and control systems,
I.e. first by mulberry tree band, a point upper and lower two-stage is planted on the length direction of purple soil arid hillside field, and every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands, its
In, the band of the mulberry tree band of upper and lower level is away from respectively 3 ~ 5m, 6 ~ 8m, and the quantity of subordinate's mulberry tree band is no less than higher level's mulberry tree band
/ 3rd of quantity；The corresponding end of adjacent two mulberry treies band is distinguished into line again, and mulberry tree is planted on the line, makes adjacent two
Mulberry tree band and its line at both ends surround clathrate, so as to form several mulberry lattice.
As a preferred embodiment, described mulberry tree is planted using mulberry tree sprigging-shortening trimming method, specifically
Comprise the following steps：
（1）Mulberry sapling is transplanted to described reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field in the December of First Year, according to spacing in the rows 35-
55 cm carry out vertical planting and earthing tamps, and pour field planting water, stripling is slightly.
（2）After Second Year spring germinates, the 2-3 bud that growing way is sturdy, is reasonably distributed is selected and remain, remaining bud is all erased,
The bud for making to select and remain grows up to the sturdy branch of 2-3 roots in Second Year, and can pluck a small amount of mulberry leaf and feed silkworm.
（3）Cut off before the 3rd year, mulberry tree germination away from the branch on the 25-35 cm of ground, treat that sprouting grows to 10-15 cm
When, the 4-6 bud that growing way is sturdy, is reasonably distributed is selected and remain in every branch, remaining bud is all erased；The bud for making to select and remain grows up to branch
Bar, summer to autumn can gather mulberry leaf sericulture in batches.
（4）In the 4th year, top branch is cut off, it is strong to select and remain growing way when sprouting grows to 10-15 cm, on every branch
2-3 sprouting be allowed to grow, cut cutting down to winter.
Wherein, it is to cut vigorous branches at the upward 12-15 cm of base portion to cut the method cut down, and retains 2-3 hibernaculum, is cut when cutting down
Portion position is cut under it should be noted that should be in 1-2 cm or so above bud, and clip should be smooth, ensures that cortex is not destroyed, while bud
Reverse side be cut into shape of a hoof inclined-plane, so that otch heals early.It is later annual periodically to carry out shortening trimming.
Embodiment one
Build " the four Bian Sangge prevention and control systems " of reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system：Selection
The gradient is less than 25 °, and slope is wider than 4 m, the unlimited reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field of length of grade, the slope according to reservoir area of Three Gorges arid hillside field
Wide and length of grade divides upper and lower mulberry lattice, upper mulberry lattice specification be slope it is wide ×（6~8）M, lower mulberry lattice specification be slope it is wide ×（3~5 ）M, and
Lower mulberry lattice number is no less than 1/3rd of upper mulberry lattice number.Mulberry tree seedling is transplanted along mulberry lattice surrounding, structure soil erosion mulberry tree prevents
Protecting band.The structure of mulberry tree band and management use mulberry tree sprigging-shortening trimming method, i.e., mulberry sapling is in First Year December or so shifting
Plant, carry out vertical planting according to spacing in the rows 35-55 cm, earthing tamps after plant, pours field planting water, stripling is slightly.Second Year spring
After germination, the 2-3 tooth that growing way is sturdy, is reasonably distributed is selected and remain, remaining whole is erased, and can form the sturdy branch of 2-3 roots then, and
A small amount of mulberry leaf can be plucked and feed silkworm.3rd year, top branch (away from ground 25-35 cm) is cut off before mulberry tree germination, treats that sprouting grows to
During 10-15 cm, the sprouting that growing way is sturdy, is reasonably distributed is selected in every branch（Remaining sprouting is erased）, 4-6 roots are formed then
Branch, summer to autumn can collect mulberry leaf sericulture in batches.4th year, top branch is cut off, when sprouting grows to 10-15 cm, often
The strong sprouting of 2-3 growing ways is selected and remain on root branch to be allowed to grow, cut cutting down to winter, i.e., by vigorous branches from the upward 12-15 of base portion
Cut at cm, retain 2-3 hibernaculum, cut and should be noted that down that the portion position of cutting should be in 1-2 cm or so above bud when cutting down, clip should be put down
It is sliding, ensure that cortex is not destroyed, while the reverse side of bud is cut into shape of a hoof inclined-plane, so that otch heals early.It is later annual
Periodically carry out shortening trimming." four Bian Sangge prevention and control systems " carries out contour transversal slope cultivation crop in Sang Genei, and dose is conventional
Dose, other Agricultural management systems use traditional conventional method.
Embodiment two
Build " the increment mulberry band prevention and control system " of reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system：Selection
The gradient is less than 25 °, and slope is wider than 3m, the unlimited reservoir area of Three Gorges arid hillside field of length of grade, builds contour mulberry tree band, mulberry from bottom to top along slope
Tree belt specification is that belt length is wide equal to slope, and band spacing is gradually incremented by according to classification（The band of first, second, third grade of mulberry tree band away from
Respectively 1 ~ 3m, 5 ~ 7m, 9 ~ 11m, every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands；Wherein, the quantity of second level mulberry tree band is no less than the 3rd
Level mulberry tree with quantity 1/3rd, the quantity of first order mulberry tree band is no less than 1/3rd of second level mulberry tree with quantity）.Mulberry
With managing the sprigging-shortening trimming method that uses, specific method is identical with embodiment one for tree cultivation." increment mulberry band prevention and control system "
Tillage method be contour transversal slope cultivation crop, dose is conventional fertilizer application amount, other Agricultural management systems using tradition often
Rule method.
The above embodiment of the present invention is only example to illustrate the invention, and is not the implementation to the present invention
The restriction of mode.For those of ordinary skill in the field, other can also be made not on the basis of the above description
With the change and variation of form.Here all embodiments can not be exhaustive.It is every to belong to technical scheme
Row of the obvious changes or variations amplified out still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method, it is characterised in that in reservoir area of Three Gorges
The ecosystem of prevention soil and water loss is built on purple soil arid hillside field in a manner of planting mulberry tree, is comprised the following steps：
1）The selection gradient is less than 25 ° and slope is wider than 3m purple soil arid hillside field, and some horizontal slopes are built along contour thereon；Again
Mulberry tree is planted on part horizontal slope wherein and forms the distance between mulberry tree band, adjacent mulberry tree band i.e. band away from from described purple
Native arid hillside field lower end gradually increases upwards, makes band away from close thin shape under being in integrally；The length of described mulberry tree band and purple soil drought
The width in hillside fields is identical；
Described mulberry tree band is configured to increment mulberry band prevention and control system, i.e., by length direction of the mulberry tree band along purple soil arid hillside field from
Under up a point three-level plant, every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands, the band of first, second, third grade of mulberry tree band away from respectively 1 ~
3m、5~7m、9~11m；Wherein, the quantity of second level mulberry tree band is no less than 1/3rd of third level mulberry tree with quantity, the first order
The quantity of mulberry tree band is no less than 1/3rd of second level mulberry tree with quantity；
2）Long-term cropping on the horizontal slope between the horizontal slope of mulberry tree is implanted with two neighboring kind；
3）Every year periodically to step 1）The mulberry tree of middle plantation carries out shortening trimming.
2. reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method, it is characterised in that in reservoir area of Three Gorges
The mode of purple soil arid hillside field plantation mulberry tree builds the ecosystem of prevention soil and water loss, comprises the following steps：
1）The selection gradient is less than 25 ° and slope is wider than 3m purple soil arid hillside field, and some horizontal slopes are built along contour thereon；Again
Mulberry tree is planted on part horizontal slope wherein and forms the distance between mulberry tree band, adjacent mulberry tree band i.e. band away from from described purple
Native arid hillside field lower end gradually increases upwards, makes band away from close thin shape under being in integrally；The length of described mulberry tree band and purple soil drought
The width in hillside fields is identical；
Described mulberry tree band is configured to four Bian Sangge prevention and control systems, i.e., first by length direction of the mulberry tree band along purple soil arid hillside field
Point upper and lower two-stage plantation, every grade is made up of some mulberry tree bands, wherein, the band of the mulberry tree band of upper and lower level away from respectively 3 ~ 5m, 6 ~
8m, and the quantity of subordinate's mulberry tree band is no less than 1/3rd of higher level mulberry tree with quantity；Again by the corresponding end of adjacent two mulberry treies band
Line respectively, and mulberry tree is planted on the line, the line at adjacent two mulberry treies band and its both ends is surrounded clathrate, so as to be formed
Several mulberry lattice；
2）Long-term cropping on the horizontal slope between the horizontal slope of mulberry tree is implanted with two neighboring kind；
3）Every year periodically to step 1）The mulberry tree of middle plantation carries out shortening trimming.
3. the reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system structure according to any one of claim 1 or 2
Construction method, it is characterised in that described mulberry tree specifically includes following steps using mulberry tree sprigging-shortening trimming method plantation：
（1）Mulberry sapling is transplanted to described reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field in the December of First Year, according to spacing in the rows 35-55
Cm carries out vertical planting and earthing tamps, and pours field planting water, the stripling tip；
（2）After Second Year spring germinates, 2-3 bud is selected and remain, remaining bud is all erased, and the bud for making to select and remain grows up to 2- in Second Year
3 branches；
（3）Cut off before the 3rd year, mulberry tree germination away from the branch on the cm of ground 25, when sprouting grows to 10-15 cm, every
Root branch selects and remain 4-6 bud, and remaining bud is all erased；The bud for making to select and remain grows up to branch；
（4）In the 4th year, the top branch apart from the cm of ground 25 is cut off, when sprouting grows to 10-15 cm, is selected on every branch
2-3 sprouting is stayed, cut cutting down to winter.
4. reservoir area of Three Gorges purple soil arid hillside field mulberry tree prevention and control soil erosion system constituting method according to claim 3, its
It is characterised by, step（4）Described in cut that to cut down be to cut vigorous branches at the upward 12-15 cm of base portion, retain 2-3 hibernaculum；Under
Position is cut above bud at 1-2 cm, and makes clip smooth, to ensure that cortex is not destroyed；And the reverse side of bud is cut into the shape of a hoof
Inclined-plane, in favor of wound healing.
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| CN109511455A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-26 | 西南大学 | A kind of biological ridge construction method of the solid soil shield bank of Slope Cropland with Purple Soil |
| CN110668574A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 三峡大学 | Application method for constructing hedgerow to intercept farmland runoff phosphorus pollution under sloping field condition and hedgerow system |
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