CN110668574A - Application method for constructing hedgerow to intercept farmland runoff phosphorus pollution under sloping field condition and hedgerow system - Google Patents
Application method for constructing hedgerow to intercept farmland runoff phosphorus pollution under sloping field condition and hedgerow system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110668574A CN110668574A CN201911020147.6A CN201911020147A CN110668574A CN 110668574 A CN110668574 A CN 110668574A CN 201911020147 A CN201911020147 A CN 201911020147A CN 110668574 A CN110668574 A CN 110668574A
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- phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
Abstract
The invention discloses an application method for constructing hedges to intercept phosphorus pollution of farmland runoff under the condition of a sloping field and a hedge system thereof, wherein the application method plants a plurality of rows of hedges on the sloping field in a cross slope planting mode to intercept and remove phosphorus in the farmland runoff, and the removal rate of the phosphorus is 27-63.5%. The plant hedge system is constructed on a slope and comprises a plurality of rows of plant hedges planted on the slope in a cross slope planting mode, is used for intercepting and removing phosphorus elements in farmland runoff, and can control the removal rate of the phosphorus elements to be 27% -63.5%. The invention can have certain interception function on nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in farmland runoff, obviously prolong the flow production time of the slope, fully dissolve and exchange solute, obviously reduce the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances flowing to the ditch and increase the effective utilization rate of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural pollution treatment, and relates to an application method for constructing a hedge to intercept farmland runoff phosphorus pollution under a sloping field condition and a hedge system thereof.
Background
At present, a large amount of pesticide and fertilizer is put into production and use to improve the quality and the yield of crops, which causes serious agricultural non-point source pollution. Agricultural non-point source pollution is recognized as a primary factor causing water environment deterioration, so that the search for effective measures for preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution is extremely important.
Hedges are widely appreciated by many researchers and used in practice as a powerful water and soil conservation measure. Although research and application of hedge technology at home and abroad have achieved certain results at present, from the use of hedge technology to the present, the role of hedges in water and soil conservation in hills is mostly researched, the role in controlling agricultural non-point source pollution is relatively small, the economic benefits of different types of hedges and hedges planted on different slopes are mostly researched in the planting mode, and the control effect of hedge rows on farmland runoff is rarely researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides an application method for constructing a hedge to intercept runoff phosphorus pollution of farmland under the condition that the hedge technology is used for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution and a hedge system thereof.
The invention provides an application method for constructing hedges to intercept phosphorus pollution of farmland runoff under the condition of a sloping field, which is characterized in that a plurality of rows of hedges are planted on the sloping field in a cross slope planting mode to intercept and remove phosphorus in the farmland runoff, wherein the removal rate of the phosphorus is 27-63.5%.
According to one embodiment of the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition, the removal rate of the hedgerow to the phosphorus element is reduced along with the increase of the slope of the sloping field.
According to an embodiment of the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the condition of the sloping field, the slope of the sloping field is controlled to be 5-15 degrees.
According to one embodiment of the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition, the removal rate of the phosphorus element by the hedgerow is increased along with the increase of the row number of the hedgerow.
According to an embodiment of the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the condition of the sloping field, the number of the hedgerow is controlled to be 4-10.
According to an embodiment of the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition, the row spacing of the multiple rows of hedgerows is controlled to be 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing of each row of hedgerows is controlled to be 5-15 cm.
According to an embodiment of the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition, the plant of the hedgerow is the roots of the Chinese vetch, the photinia fraseri or the ligustrum japonicum.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a hedge system for intercepting phosphorus pollution in farmland runoff, the hedge system being constructed on a sloping field and comprising a plurality of rows of hedges planted on the sloping field in a cross-slope planting manner, the hedge system being used for intercepting removal of phosphorus in the farmland runoff and being capable of controlling the removal rate of the phosphorus to be 27% to 63.5%.
According to one embodiment of the hedgerow system for intercepting the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland, the slope of the sloping field is 5-15 degrees, the row number of the hedgerows is 4-10 rows, and the plants of the hedgerows are roots of cyperus rotundus, photinia fraseri or ligustrum japonicum.
According to one embodiment of the hedgerow system for intercepting runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland, the row spacing of the multiple rows of hedgerows is 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing of each row of hedgerows is 5-15 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the TP removal rate of the hedge system is improved by 1-2 times compared with the removal rate of a natural bare sloping field, and the difference between the treatment results of different treatment conditions is obvious. After the hedgerow is cultivated, substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland runoff can be intercepted to a certain extent, the flow production time of the slope is obviously prolonged, the time of solute dissolving and exchanging is sufficient, the amount of the substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus flowing to the ditch is obviously reduced, and the effective utilization rate of the substance is increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view structure diagram of a hedge system for intercepting runoff phosphorus pollution of farmland under sloping field conditions in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the system in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The present invention is described in detail below. The invention provides an idea scheme for related research and practical application of a hedge technology in the aspect of agricultural non-point source pollution treatment by researching the hedge system, the hedge row number and the interception effect of different hedge system gradients on phosphorus loss in farmland runoff.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the phosphorus pollution of the farmland runoff under the sloping field condition is to plant a plurality of rows of hedgerows on the sloping field in a cross slope planting manner to intercept and remove the phosphorus in the farmland runoff, wherein the removal rate of the phosphorus is 27-63.5%. Particularly, the hedges are narrow strip-shaped plant groups which are uninterrupted or nearly continuous and are composed of woody plants or herbaceous plants with strong and upright stems; the hedges are of a certain density and are closed at or near the ground. Cross slope planting refers to planting a plurality of rows of plant hedges at intervals along the width direction of a cross slope, and each row of plant hedges extends along the length direction of the cross slope.
Through research, the removal rate of the phosphorus element by the hedges is reduced along with the increase of the gradient of the sloping field, namely the removal rate of the phosphorus element is lower when the gradient of the sloping field is larger. After the slope is increased, under the condition of the same hedgerow number, the speed of runoff in the system is increased under the same rainfall simulation intensity, soil is corroded seriously, and granular phosphorus elements move faster along with soil particles along with water flow to the slope bottom, so that the hedgerows can not intercept and adsorb the phosphorus elements better, and the removal rate of TP (phosphorus elements) is reduced rapidly.
Preferably, the gradient of the control sloping field is 5-15 degrees, and preferably 5 degrees.
Meanwhile, the removal rate of the phosphorus element by the hedges increases with the increase of the number of the rows of the hedges, i.e., the removal rate of the phosphorus element is higher as the number of the rows of the hedges is larger. After the line number increases, the speed of runoff diminishes under the same slope, the same rainfall simulation intensity in the system, granule form phosphorus element follows the soil grain and moves more slowly along with water to the slope base, and the plant increases and has increased the roughness, block rivers through mechanical blocking, when slowing down the velocity of flow, increased the possibility that rivers infiltrate and reduced the runoff scouring amount, make the hedgerow carry out interception and absorption more effectively to the phosphorus element in the runoff, cause the clearance to TP to increase.
Preferably, the number of rows of the hedges is controlled to be 4-10 rows, and more preferably 10 rows. Further preferably, the row spacing of the multiple rows of plant hedges is controlled to be 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing of each row of plant hedges is controlled to be 5-15 cm.
In addition, the species of the plant of the hedgerow and the influent concentration of the contaminants have no significant effect on the removal rate. The plant of the hedgerow can be a vetch root, a photinia fraseri or a ligustrum japonicum.
The invention also provides a hedge system for intercepting the phosphorus pollution of farmland runoff, which is constructed on a sloping field and comprises a plurality of rows of hedges planted on the sloping field in a cross slope planting manner, and the hedge system is used for intercepting and removing phosphorus in the farmland runoff and can control the removal rate of the phosphorus to be 27-63.5%.
Preferably, the slope of the sloping field in the hedgerow system is 5-15 degrees, the row number of hedgerows is 4-10 rows, and the plants of the hedgerows are the roots of the Chinese parsnip, the photinia fraseri or the ligustrum japonicum. Further preferably, the row spacing of the multiple rows of hedges is 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing of each row of hedges is 5-15 cm.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples of the present invention.
Example (b):
fig. 1 shows a schematic front view structure diagram of a hedge system for intercepting runoff phosphorus pollution of farmland under sloping field conditions in an embodiment, and fig. 2 shows a schematic top view structure diagram of the system in the embodiment.
Selecting vanilla roots according with the hedge selection principle, putting the vanilla seedlings into a bucket, and culturing for 3-4 days to enable the roots to germinate rapidly. Then transplanting the well grown vetiver grass into the hedge system, wherein the planting mode is cross slope planting, the plants are planted at the middle upper part of each sloping field hedge system, 3 plants are planted in each row, the row spacing is controlled at 20cm, as shown in figure 1, the hedge system is flushed after the roots are fixed, so that the original phosphorus element in the soil is reduced as much as possible, and rainfall runoff simulation is started after the phosphorus concentration tends to be balanced.
The initial gradient of the hedge system for intercepting the phosphorus pollution of the runoff of the farmland under the condition of sloping fields is set to be 5 degrees, three pollutant concentrations are set, the phosphorus concentration of the pollutant in the inflow water is controlled to be low, medium and high, and the phosphorus concentration is 0.30mgL respectively-1、0.60mg L-1、1.20mg L-1. And (3) simulating rainfall runoff by taking two rows of plants as hedges, measuring the removal rate of the hedge system to TP under three different phosphorus concentrations, comparing the removal rates, and selecting an optimal phosphorus concentration as simulated wastewater of the system. And after the simulated runoff begins, collecting a water inlet sample and a water outlet sample. On the basis of the experiment, high concentration is selected as the simulated wastewater concentration of the system by combining various factors.
Then 3 factors of the number of the rows of the plant hedges, the gradient of the system and the influent concentration of the pollutants are set, wherein 3 levels of 6 rows, 8 rows and 10 rows are set for the number of the rows, 3 levels of 5 degrees, 10 degrees and 15 degrees are set for the gradient, and 3 levels of low, medium and high are set for the influent concentration of the pollutants. The rainfall runoff simulation method is consistent with the previous method, an inflow water sample and a runoff effluent sample are collected, the concentration of TP in the inflow water and the concentration of TP in the outflow water are measured by adopting an ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry, the phosphorus removal rate of the device under the conditions of different gradients and line numbers is measured, and 9 groups of data in the table 1 are obtained.
TABLE 1 statistical table of removal rate results
From the results in table 1, it can be determined that the removal rate of contaminants by the hedge system according to the present invention decreases with increasing slope of the hedge system and increases with increasing number of rows of hedges. And finally, determining that the hedge system with the highest TP removal rate is the hedge system with 10 rows and 5-degree gradient.
After data processing of the examples, the data are plotted by using origine 8.5, Excel is used to calculate mean value and standard error, SPSS 20.0 is used to perform variance analysis and multiple comparison, Pearson correlation coefficient is used to perform correlation analysis, the removal rate is determined by measuring the concentration of TP in inlet and outlet water under different conditions, so as to determine whether a certain correlation exists between the hedgerow number and the removal rate, the slope of the hedgerow system and the removal rate, and the degree of the correlation between the pollutant inlet water concentration and the removal rate, thereby providing reference for hedgerow correlation research and obtaining the data in Table 2.
TABLE 2 correlation of hedgerow number, system slope, contaminant influent concentration and removal rate
Significant correlation at the.01 level (double-sided).
*. were significantly related at the 0.05 level (bilateral).
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the Pearson correlation coefficient of the pollutant inflow water concentration and the removal rate is-0.201, and the correlation is extremely weak. It can be shown that the contaminant influent concentration has less effect on TP removal rate. The pearson correlation coefficient for the number of hedgerow and removal rate was 0.494 and was significantly correlated at the 0.01 level. It is shown that the influence of the hedge row number on the TP removal rate is large, and the more the hedge row number is, the higher the TP removal rate is. The pearson correlation coefficient for the slope of the hedge system and the removal rate was-0.836 and significantly correlated at the 0.01 level, with a negative correlation and significance data of 0, indicating that the slope of the hedge system had a significant effect on the TP removal rate, and that the removal rate of TP decreased with increasing slope of the hedge system.
In addition, the photinia fraseri or ligustrum japonicum hoffii is selected to carry out the same hedgerow system construction and the test is carried out by adopting the same method as the above embodiment, and the TP removal result is consistent with the trend of the embodiment.
Therefore, when the hedge technology is selected to treat agricultural non-point source pollution, the removal efficiency of plants and the gradient of a treated area need to be considered, so that the treatment is started from the two aspects, and the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort is probably obtained. After the hedgerow cultivation, the invention has certain interception function on substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland runoff, obviously prolongs the flow production time of the slope, ensures that the time of solute dissolution and exchange is more sufficient, obviously reduces the amount of the substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus flowing to the ditch, and increases the effective utilization rate.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. An application method for intercepting farmland runoff phosphorus pollution by constructing hedges under the condition of a sloping field is characterized in that a plurality of rows of hedges are planted on the sloping field in a cross slope planting mode to intercept and remove phosphorus elements in the farmland runoff, wherein the removal rate of the phosphorus elements is 27% -63.5%.
2. The application method for constructing the plant hedges to intercept runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition according to claim 1, wherein the removal rate of the plant hedges to the phosphorus element is reduced along with the increase of the gradient of the sloping field.
3. The application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition according to claim 2, characterized in that the slope of the sloping field is controlled to be 5-15 degrees.
4. The method for constructing the hedges to intercept runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field conditions according to claim 1, wherein the removal rate of the phosphorus elements by the hedges is increased along with the increase of the number of rows of the hedges.
5. The application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of the hedgerow is controlled to be 4-10.
6. The application method for constructing the hedges to intercept runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition according to claim 1, characterized in that the row spacing of the multiple rows of the hedges is controlled to be 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing of each row of the hedges is controlled to be 5-15 cm.
7. The application method for constructing the hedgerow to intercept the runoff phosphorus pollution of the farmland under the sloping field condition according to claim 1, wherein the plant of the hedgerow is a vetiver, a photinia fraseri or a ligustrum japonicum.
8. A plant hedge system for intercepting phosphorus pollution of farmland runoff, which is characterized in that the plant hedge system is constructed on a sloping field and comprises a plurality of rows of plant hedges planted on the sloping field in a cross slope planting mode, and the plant hedge system is used for intercepting and removing phosphorus in the farmland runoff and can control the removal rate of the phosphorus to be 27-63.5%.
9. The plant hedge system for intercepting farmland runoff phosphorus pollution according to claim 8, wherein the slope of the sloping field is 5-15 degrees, the number of the plant hedges is 4-10, and the plant of the plant hedge is a vetiver, a photinia fraseri or a ligustrum japonicum.
10. A hedge system for intercepting runoff phosphorus pollution of farmland according to claim 8, wherein the row spacing of the rows of hedges is 15-25 cm, and the plant spacing of each row of hedges is 5-15 cm.
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