CN104649416B - A kind of collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ - Google Patents
A kind of collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN104649416B CN104649416B CN201510061310.9A CN201510061310A CN104649416B CN 104649416 B CN104649416 B CN 104649416B CN 201510061310 A CN201510061310 A CN 201510061310A CN 104649416 B CN104649416 B CN 104649416B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/18—PO4-P
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses the collocation method of a kind of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ, first the change flowing through different in width terrestrial facies zone of vegetation water body Middle nutrition concentration of element is analyzed, according to nutrient removal effects such as N, P, contrast determines that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant kind of desired value；To in various aquatic plant cultivation forebody-afterbodies and water nutrition material is measured, determine that water body purification effect reaches the water plant kind of desired value；According to water body purification effect, the terrestrial plant kind determined and water plant kind are carried out the mixed configuration of vertical and horizontal both direction；Again width, density and the gradient of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation construction in situ is optimized, and minimum widith, the optimum gradient and density during selected water body purification effect optimum.Less according to the in situ ecological purification system floor space scope of the water bodies of rivers and lakes constructed by this collocation method, riverbank foundation slope improvement project amount is greatly decreased, and invests low, water body N, P clearance more preferably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, particularly relate to the configuration side of a kind of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ
Method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of Chinese society economy, population agglomeration is accelerated, and urbanization rate significantly improves, people
Under the influence of class activity intensity continues to increase, the nutrient substance such as nitrogen (N) needed for biology, phosphorus (P) enters lake, river in a large number
Pool, causes water bodies of rivers and lakes eutrophication, and bio-diversity reduces, and water ecology balance is destroyed, lake, river ecosystem
Serious degradation, water pollution constantly aggravates, and water quality drastically deteriorates, and have impact on region drinking water quality safety, serious threat
Human health.According to statistics, by the later stage nineties 20th century, in China's Main Lakes, the lake of 77% presents eutrophication state
Gesture, has the river water of more than 70% to be subject to pollution in various degree, and pollution level adds year by year in 700 a plurality of rivers, the whole nation
Weight, wherein the river City Section water body of 36% has lost use function, and water bodies of rivers and lakes prevention and cure of pollution are extremely urgent.
Buffer zone, riverbank is as the zone of transition between land and water body and the emphasis of regulation and control river lake surface source pollutants input
Region, it plays irreplaceable important function in terms of the pollutant inputs such as regulation and control N, P.Plant can by intercept,
Permeate, filter, adsorb, the biochemical functions such as absorption, regulate by terrestrial ecosystems input river ecosystem is each
The content of kind of nutrient substance, and then affect in water body the chemical elements such as N, P and nutrition content and time space distribution.
Therefore, how by carrying out rational vegetation construction in buffer zone, riverbank, it is achieved the original position ecological purification of water bodies of rivers and lakes is then
Seem particularly critical.
But how prior art is for building river by floristic reasonable combination with configuration in buffer zone, riverbank
Lake Water Body ecological purification system is less with the research realizing water body purification maximizing the benefits, lacks relevant technological means.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the collocation method of a kind of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ, according to this collocation method
Constructed water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ, under realizing the nutrient substance removal effect maximization premises such as N, P, is planted
Minimum by ecological purified water system construction width, floor space is greatly decreased, and riverbank foundation slope improvement project amount is less,
While at utmost reducing surface disturbance, do not result in secondary pollution, be beneficial to preserve the ecological environment, workable,
And greatly reduce cost of investment.
A kind of collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ, described collocation method includes:
Different vegetation type terrestrial facies Riparian Zone is utilized to discharge water laboratory method, water body when analyzing the terrestrial facies zone of vegetation flowing through different in width
The change of Middle nutrition concentration of element, and contrast various vegetation pattern and the width removal effect to water nutrition material；
Comprehensively analyze according to removal effect, determine that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant kind of desired value；
By water plant artificial floating island simulation experiment, to the internal and battalion of water body before various aquatic plant cultivations and after cultivation
Foster material is measured, metastatic rule analysis result based on nutrient substance, determines that water body purification effect reaches desired value
Water plant kind；
According to water body purification effect, terrestrial plant kind and water plant kind to determining carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration；
Based on the terrestrial plant kind configured and water plant kind, use statistical method, the most ecological to water bodies of rivers and lakes
Width, density and the gradient of the construction of cleaning system vegetation are optimized, and selected minimum widith, the optimum gradient and density.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the most raw according to the water bodies of rivers and lakes constructed by this collocation method
State cleaning system can be carried out in-situ filtration, adsorb and purify by area source pollutants main to N, P etc. in input process,
And the minimum widith determined according to the method with the optimum gradient for instructing the vegetation cleaning system construction of buffer zone, riverbank, account for
Ground area scope is less, and riverbank foundation slope improvement project amount is greatly decreased, and cost of investment is low, workable, and face
In the pollution of source, the removal efficiency of N, P is optimal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, required use in embodiment being described below
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for
From the point of view of those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain according to these accompanying drawings
Other accompanying drawings.
The collocation method schematic flow sheet of the water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ that Fig. 1 is provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
The ecological purification system integral layout schematic diagram in situ of water bodies of rivers and lakes described in present example shown in Fig. 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearly and completely
Describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on
Embodiments of the invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Embodiment, broadly falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, is illustrated in figure 1 embodiment of the present invention institute
The collocation method schematic flow sheet of the water bodies of rivers and lakes provided ecological purification system in situ, described collocation method includes:
Step 11: utilize different vegetation type terrestrial facies Riparian Zone to discharge water laboratory method, analyze the terrestrial facies plant flowing through different in width
With time water body Middle nutrition concentration of element change, and contrast various vegetation type and width the removal of water nutrition material imitated
Really；
In this step, the water nutrition material measured includes: total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO4 3-P), total nitrogen
And nitrate nitrogen (NO (TN)3--N).Wherein, the mensuration of TP selects ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method (GB 11893-
89)；PO4 3-The mensuration of P uses ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method；The mensuration of TN selects alkaline chitinase to clear up ultraviolet spectrometry
Photometry (GB 11894-89)；Nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) mensuration use ultraviolet spectrophotometry (HJ/T 346-
2007)
The above-mentioned laboratory method process that discharges water particularly as follows:
With buffer zone, riverbank as survey region, the multiple typical case hillside fields, riverbank choosing different plant species composition are research sample ground
(sample ground specification can be: long × wide=10 meters × 5 meters), excavates experiment sample ground, typical case riverbank surrounding so that it is with surrounding
Environment is separate, draws water from korneforos with suction pump, first by the moistening of hillside fields, riverbank, then pours water until runoff yield, under slope
After runoff yield, by the every water quality gathering water determination water body at 0m, 1m, 2m, 5m, 8m, 10m under slope up to slope
Index.
Step 12: comprehensively analyze according to removal effect, determines that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant of desired value
Kind；
In this step, described water body purification effect reaches desired value and can be configured according to actual water quality demand, as
Demand is high, then desired value thresholding is the highest.
Step 13: by water plant artificial floating island simulation experiment, to internal before various aquatic plant cultivations and after cultivation and
The nutrient substance of water body is measured, metastatic rule analysis result based on nutrient substance, determines that water body purification effect reaches
The water plant kind of desired value；
In this step, internal and time water nutrition material is measured before to various aquatic plant cultivations and after cultivation:
Selected testing index is total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and wherein the mensuration of total nitrogen (TN) selects alkalescence mistake
Potassium sulfate clears up ultraviolet spectrophotometry (GB 11894-89), and the mensuration of total phosphorus (TP) selects ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method
(GB 11893-89)。
Here, the process of water plant artificial floating island simulation experiment particularly as follows: water plant is planted in a diameter of 0.8m,
In the tank of a height of 1.2m, waterline is away from tank top 25cm；Recycling artificial floating island, as substrate, passes through different periods
Wild water sample collection, measures its every water quality index.
Step 14: according to water body purification effect, carries out vertical and horizontal and mixes the terrestrial plant kind determined and water plant kind
Close configuration；
For example, according to above-mentioned analysis method, determined by water body purification effect reach the terrestrial plant kind of desired value
For: larch, Pinus tabuliformis and Betula platyphylla Suk.；Determined by water body purification effect reach the water plant kind of desired value and be: Dong Fangxiang
Pu, wilson iris, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani.
Certainly, in prior art, other can reach the terrestrial plant of clean-up effect desired value, water plant is also to expire
Foot requires.
Then according to previous experiments result, above-mentioned terrestrial plant kind and water plant kind are carried out vertical and horizontal mixing and joins
Putting, wherein different configuration terrestrial plants use the indoor rainfall groove treelets experimental simulation that discharges water to carry out effects of purification quality mensuration.
Further according to effects of purification quality, the vertical and horizontal configuration mode of different terrestrial plants and water plant includes:
1) terrestrial plant: larch * Betula platyphylla Suk., and water plant: typha orientalis * wilson iris；
2) terrestrial plant: Pinus tabuliformis * larch, and water plant: Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani * wilson iris；
3) terrestrial plant: larch, and water plant: Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani * wilson iris.
Step 15: based on the terrestrial plant kind configured and water plant kind, uses statistical method, to water bodies of rivers and lakes
Width, density and the gradient of ecological purification system vegetation construction is optimized in situ, and selected minimum widith, the optimum gradient
And density.
In this step, for realizing the water bodies of rivers and lakes clean-up effect that ecological purification system is optimal in situ, the river lake water selected
Body ecological purification system terrestrial facies plant construction minimum widith in situ is 13.2m, and phytal zone water plant bandwidth is 1.5m；River
The suitable range of grade of bank buffer zone is 12 °-16 °, and the optimum gradient is 14.8 °, farthest to strengthen buffering ground, riverbank
Band N, P retain efficiency and purify water.
Based on above-mentioned minimum widith, the optimum gradient and density, described water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ can away from
Build in the range of the phytal zone that lake, river is 1.5 meters, and the buffer zone, riverbank of extension 14.7 meters, and utilize riverbank pre-existing topography,
Carry out gradient finishing, form the riverbank ground line gradient of 14.8 °.
It addition, in implementing, based on the terrestrial plant kind configured and water plant kind, optimum vegetation density is
920 strains/hm2；And arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m on the slope of buffer zone, described riverbank, under slope, arbor seeding row spacing is
3m×4m。
In implementing, selected process can use statistical method, by setting up different plants configuration nutrient
Clearance and water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation construction width Correlation model, nutrient clearance and river in situ
Bank buffer zone gradient Correlation model, and nutrient clearance and water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation in situ
Density Correlation model, trying to achieve water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system terrestrial facies plant construction minimum widith in situ is 13.2m, shallow
Pool water plant bandwidth is 1.5m.Now, the water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ comprehensive removal to nutrient substance
Efficiency is 75.58%；When the every nutrition content of water body level off to 0 time, water bodies of rivers and lakes under same width is the most ecological clean
Changing system optimal vegetation density is 920 strains/hm2, riverbank, the buffer zone optimum gradient is 14.8 °.
Except above-described embodiment be previously mentioned draw by the way of setting up Correlation model minimum widith, the optimum gradient and
Outside density, it is also possible to obtain above-mentioned parameter by other computational methods, such as based on landform standardizition etc..
It addition, in implementing, terrestrial plant can use (seedling) afforestation mode of manually planting seedlings, after afforestation in 1～3 year
Should strengthen managing and protecting, after sapling up-growth is stable, 1～2 thinning should be carried out and determine strain, make number of plants per unit area reach to afforest close
Spend 920 strains/hm2Requirement.
On the basis of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation arrangement in situ, width, density, the gradient are optimized, to river
The rational deployment of Lake Water Body in situ ecological purification system vegetation is also that it gives full play to the premise of every ecological functions, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show the ecological purification system integral layout schematic diagram in situ of water bodies of rivers and lakes described in present example, in conjunction with Fig. 2:
For realizing the water bodies of rivers and lakes clean-up effect that ecological purification system is optimal in situ, set water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ
System terrestrial facies vegetational zone width is 13.2m, a width of 1.5 meters of aqueous phase vegetational zone, and on slope, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m, tall under slope
Wood seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m, and referring to adjust the optimum gradient is 14.8 °, and arrange in pairs or groups plantation drought resisting, low water consumption shrub species
Indigenous trees such as () optional Vitex chinensis Mill., Prunus armeniaca L.var.ansu Maxim., Ramulus et Folium Spiraeae Salicifolia, aqueous phase band is according to different aquatic of in table 1 below three kinds of configuration plantations
Plant:
Table 1 water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation construction layout optimization in situ
Above-mentioned used water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation level and arranged perpendicular method in situ more meet water head site battalion
Build multi-level, multi-functional, the industry requirement of Multi benefit artificial forest, and the method is applicable to middle and small river, reservoir, lake
The input regulation and control of the area source pollutants such as buffer zone, riverbank N, P such as pool, water head site, artificial swamp and water body purification, for
Water bodies of rivers and lakes pollution control has important application and promotional value with protection and restoration of the ecosystem.
In sum, collocation method described in the embodiment of the present invention has the advantage that
1) plant selected by water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ uses horizontal arrangement and stereoscopic configurations, can effectively strengthen N, P
Retain transformation efficiency on the spot to reduce the Pollution of Eco-system Environment thing input of lake, river, protection river and lake water quality safety；
2) with the region, riverbank away from 1.5 meters of the riverbank above extension in phytal zone 14.7 meters for water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ
Building region, relatively previous investigation, disturbance surface area is greatly reduced, and decreases earth's surface water and soil number of dropouts；
3) slope of river bank is trimmed to 14.8 °, more meets existing riverbank actual grade situation, and construction work amount is greatly decreased,
Cost of investment reduces, the most beneficially nature runoff gathering；
4) minimum widith of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation construction, the optimum gradient and density, operability have been quantified
Higher, construction volume is greatly decreased；
5) not resulting in secondary pollution, water plant can provide for zooplankton and perch place of ingesting, ecological, view and ring
Border remarkable benefit.
The above, the only present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change that can readily occur in or replace
Change, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with claims
Protection domain is as the criterion.
Claims (6)
1. the collocation method of a water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ, it is characterised in that described collocation method includes:
Different vegetation type terrestrial facies Riparian Zone is utilized to discharge water laboratory method, water body when analyzing the terrestrial facies vegetational zone flowing through different in width
The change of Middle nutrition concentration of element, and contrast various vegetation type and the width removal effect to water nutrition material；
Comprehensively analyze according to removal effect, determine that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant kind of desired value；
By water plant artificial floating island simulation experiment, to the internal and battalion of water body before various aquatic plant cultivations and after cultivation
Foster material is measured, metastatic rule analysis result based on nutrient substance, determines that water body purification effect reaches desired value
Water plant kind；
According to water body purification effect, terrestrial plant kind and water plant kind to determining carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration；
Based on the terrestrial plant kind configured and water plant kind, use statistical method, the most ecological to water bodies of rivers and lakes
Width, density and the gradient of the construction of cleaning system vegetation are optimized, and selected minimum widith, the optimum gradient and density.
The collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Selected minimum widith, the optimum gradient and density, specifically include:
Selected water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system terrestrial facies plant construction minimum widith in situ is 13.2m, phytal zone aquatic plant zones
Width is 1.5m；
The range of grade of buffer zone, riverbank is 12 °-16 °.
The collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Collocation method also includes:
Based on the terrestrial plant kind configured and water plant kind, optimum vegetation density is 920 strains/hm2；
And arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m on the slope of buffer zone, described riverbank, under slope, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m.
The collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Determined by water body purification effect reach the terrestrial plant kind of desired value and be: larch, Pinus tabuliformis and Betula platyphylla Suk.；
Determined by water body purification effect reach the water plant kind of desired value and be: typha orientalis, wilson iris, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani.
The collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described
Terrestrial plant kind and water plant kind to determining carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration, specifically include:
By the terrestrial plant kind larch determined and Betula platyphylla Suk., and the water plant kind typha orientalis and the wilson iris that determine enter
Row vertical and horizontal mixed configuration；
Or, by the terrestrial plant kind Pinus tabuliformis determined and larch, and the water plant kind Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani and the wilson iris that determine enter
Row vertical and horizontal mixed configuration；
Or, the terrestrial plant kind larch that will determine, and the water plant kind Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani and the wilson iris that determine carry out vertically
With horizontal mixed configuration.
The collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in situ the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that right
Before various aquatic plant cultivations and when after cultivation, internal and water body nutrient substance is measured:
Selected testing index is total nitrogen TN and total phosphorus TP, and wherein the mensuration of total nitrogen TN selects alkaline chitinase to clear up purple
Outer spectrophotography, the mensuration of total phosphorus TP selects ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method.
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