CN104649416A - Configuration method of river-lake water body in-situ ecological purification system - Google Patents
Configuration method of river-lake water body in-situ ecological purification system Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/18—PO4-P
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a configuration method of a river-lake water body in-situ ecological purification system. The configuration method comprises the steps that changes of the concentrations of nutritive elements in a water body flowing across terrestrial vegetational zones in different widths are analyzed; according to removal effects of the nutritive elements such as N and P, terrestrial plants with water body purification effects reaching an expected value are confirmed by comparison; nutritive substances in various water plants and nutritive substances of the water body are determined before and after the water plants are cultivated; the water plants with the water body purification effects reaching the expected value are confirmed; according to the water body purification effects, the determined terrestrial plants and water plants are mixed and configured in vertical and horizontal directions; the width, the density and the gradient of constructed vegetation of the river-lake water body in-situ ecological purification system are optimized; and the minimum width, the optimal slope and the optimal density when the water body purification effect is optimal are selected. The river-lake water body in-situ ecological purification system constructed according to the configuration method has smaller floor area; the river bank substrate gradient modification projects are reduced greatly; the investment is low; and removal rates of N and P in the water body are better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, particularly relate to a kind of collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of Chinese society economy, population agglomeration is accelerated, urbanization rate significantly improves, under strength of human activities continues to increase impact, the nutritive substances such as the nitrogen (N) needed for biology, phosphorus (P) enter rivers and lakes in a large number, cause water bodies of rivers and lakes eutrophication, species diversity reduces, and water ecology balance is destroyed, lake, river ecosystem serious degradation, water pollution constantly aggravates, water quality sharply worsens, and have impact on region drinking water quality safety, serious threat human health.According to statistics, by the later stage nineties 20th century, in China's Main Lakes, the lake of 77% presents eutrophication situation, the pollution having the river water of more than 70% to be subject in various degree in more than 700 river, the whole nation, and pollution level increases the weight of year by year, wherein the river City Section water body of 36% loses using function, and water bodies of rivers and lakes prevention and cure of pollution are extremely urgent.
The key area that buffer zone, riverbank inputs as the zone of transition between land and water body and regulation and control river lake surface source pollutants, it plays irreplaceable vital role in the pollutent inputs such as regulation and control N, P.Plant is by biochemical functions such as interception, infiltration, filtration, absorption, absorptions, regulate the content of various nutritive substances being inputted river ecosystem by TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, and then to affect in water body the chemical elements such as N, P and nutrition content and time space distribution.Therefore, how by carrying out rational vegetation construction in buffer zone, riverbank, the original position ecological purification realizing water bodies of rivers and lakes then seems particularly crucial.
But prior art is less with the research realizing water body purification maximizing the benefits for how to build water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system in buffer zone, riverbank by floristic reasonable combination and configuration, lacks relevant technique means.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system; water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system constructed by this collocation method is realizing under the nutritive substance removal effect maximization prerequisites such as N, P; vegetation ecological water cleaning systems construction width is minimum; floor space significantly reduces; riverbank foundation slope improvement project amount is less; while at utmost reducing surface disturbance; secondary pollution can not be caused; be beneficial to and preserve the ecological environment; workable, and greatly reduce cost of investment.
A collocation method for water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system, described collocation method comprises:
Utilize different vegetation type terrestrial facies Riparian Zone to discharge water the change of laboratory method, analysis stream water body Middle nutrition concentration of element when the terrestrial facies zone of vegetation of different in width, and contrast various vegetation pattern and width to the removal effect of water nutrition material;
Comprehensively analyze according to removal effect, determine that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant kind of desired value;
By the simulated experiment of waterplant artificial floating island, to before various aquatic plant cultivation and after cultivation in body and the nutritive substance of water body measure, based on the metastatic rule analytical results of nutritive substance, determine that water body purification effect reaches the waterplant kind of desired value;
According to water body purification effect, vertical and horizontal mixed configuration is carried out to the terrestrial plant kind determined and waterplant kind;
Based on configured terrestrial plant kind and waterplant kind, use statistical method, width, density and the gradient that water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation is built is optimized, and selected minimum width, the optimum gradient and density.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system constructed by this collocation method can carry out in-situ filtration, absorption and purification to the main area source pollutants such as N, P in input process, and the minimum width determined according to the method and the optimum gradient are used to guide buffer zone, riverbank vegetation purification system builds, floor space scope is less, riverbank foundation slope improvement project amount significantly reduces, cost of investment is low, workable, and in pollution of area source, the removal efficiency of N, P is best.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The collocation method schematic flow sheet of the water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
Water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system integral layout schematic diagram described in example of the present invention shown in Fig. 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Be described in further detail the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be illustrated in figure 1 the collocation method schematic flow sheet of the water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, described collocation method comprises:
Step 11: utilize different vegetation type terrestrial facies Riparian Zone to discharge water the change of laboratory method, analysis stream water body Middle nutrition concentration of element when the terrestrial facies vegetation zone of different in width, and contrast various vegetation type and width to the removal effect of water nutrition material;
In this step, the water nutrition material measured comprises: total phosphorus (TP), phosphoric acid salt (PO
4 3-p), total nitrogen (TN) and nitric nitrogen (NO
3--N).Wherein, the mensuration of TP selects ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method (GB 11893-89); PO
4 3-the mensuration of P adopts ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method; The mensuration of TN selects alkaline chitinase to clear up ultraviolet spectrophotometry (GB 11894-89); Nitric nitrogen (NO
3--N) mensuration adopt ultraviolet spectrophotometry (HJ/T 346-2007)
The above-mentioned laboratory method process that discharges water is specially:
With buffer zone, riverbank for survey region, the hillside fields, multiple typical riverbank choosing different plant species composition is research sample (sample ground specification can be: length × wide=10 meter × 5 meters), typical riverbank experiment sample ground surrounding is excavated, make itself and surrounding environment separate, draw water from korneforos with lift pump, first hillside fields, riverbank is soaked, then pour water until runoff yield, under slope after runoff yield, by from every water-quality guideline slope gathering water determination water body to 0m, 1m, 2m, 5m, 8m, 10m under slope.
Step 12: comprehensively analyze according to removal effect, determines that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant kind of desired value;
In this step, described water body purification effect reaches desired value and can arrange according to actual water quality demand, and as demand is high, then desired value thresholding is just high.
Step 13: by the simulated experiment of waterplant artificial floating island, to before various aquatic plant cultivation and after cultivation in body and the nutritive substance of water body measure, based on the metastatic rule analytical results of nutritive substance, determine that water body purification effect reaches the waterplant kind of desired value;
In this step, before to various aquatic plant cultivation and after cultivation in body and when water nutrition material measures:
Selected testing index is total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), wherein the mensuration of total nitrogen (TN) selects alkaline chitinase to clear up ultraviolet spectrophotometry (GB 11894-89), and the mensuration of total phosphorus (TP) selects ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method (GB 11893-89).
Here, the process of waterplant artificial floating island simulated experiment is specially: being planted by waterplant in diameter is 0.8m, and height is in the tank of 1.2m, and gauging line is apart from tank top 25cm; Recycling artificial floating island, as matrix, by Different periods wild water sample collection, measures its every water-quality guideline.
Step 14: according to water body purification effect, carries out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration to the terrestrial plant kind determined and waterplant kind;
For example, according to above-mentioned analytical procedure, the terrestrial plant kind that determined water body purification effect reaches desired value is: tamarack, Chinese pine and white birch; The waterplant kind that determined water body purification effect reaches desired value is: typha orientalis, wilson iris, Scirpus tabernaemontani.
Certainly, in prior art, other can reach the terrestrial plant of decontamination effect improving desired value, waterplant also can meet the demands.
Then according to previous experiments result, carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration to above-mentioned terrestrial plant kind and waterplant kind, wherein different configuration terrestrial plant adopts the indoor rainfall groove treelet experimental simulation that discharges water to carry out effects of purification quality mensuration.
Again according to effects of purification quality, the vertical and horizontal configuration mode of different terrestrial plant and waterplant includes:
1) terrestrial plant: tamarack * white birch, and waterplant: typha orientalis * wilson iris;
2) terrestrial plant: Chinese pine * tamarack, and waterplant: Scirpus tabernaemontani * wilson iris;
3) terrestrial plant: tamarack, and waterplant: Scirpus tabernaemontani * wilson iris.
Step 15: based on configured terrestrial plant kind and waterplant kind, uses statistical method, is optimized width, density and the gradient that water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation is built, and selected minimum width, the optimum gradient and density.
In this step, for realizing the decontamination effect improving of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system the best, select water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system terrestrial facies plant construction minimum width be 13.2m, shoaling water waterplant bandwidth is 1.5m; The suitable gradient scope of buffer zone, riverbank is 12 °-16 °, and the optimum gradient is 14.8 °, retains efficiency farthest to strengthen buffer zone, riverbank N, P and purifies water.
Based on above-mentioned minimum width, the optimum gradient and density, described water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system can in the shoaling water apart from 1.5 meters, lake, river, and build within the scope of the buffer zone, riverbank of extension 14.7 meters, and utilize riverbank pre-existing topography, carry out gradient finishing, form the riverbank ground inclination of 14.8 °.
In addition, in specific implementation, based on configured terrestrial plant kind and waterplant kind, optimum vegetation density is 920 strains/hm
2; And arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m on the slope of buffer zone, described riverbank, under slope, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m.
In specific implementation, selected process can use statistical method, by setting up different plants configuration nutritive element clearance and water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation builds width Correlation model, nutritive element clearance and buffer zone, riverbank gradient Correlation model, and nutritive element clearance and water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation density Correlation model, trying to achieve water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system terrestrial facies plant construction minimum width is 13.2m, and shoaling water waterplant bandwidth is 1.5m.Now, the comprehensive removal efficiency of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system to nutritive substance is 75.58%; When the every nutrition content of water body level off to 0 time, the optimum vegetation density of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system under same width is 920 strains/hm
2, the optimum gradient in riverbank, buffer zone is 14.8 °.
That mentions except above-described embodiment draws except minimum width, the optimum gradient and density by the mode setting up Correlation model, can also obtain above-mentioned parameter, such as, based on the standardization etc. of landform by other method of calculation.
In addition, in specific implementation, terrestrial plant can adopt manually plant seedlings (seedling) to afforest mode, and after afforestation, 1 ~ 3 year planted agent strengthens managing and protecting, and after sapling up-growth is stable, should carries out 1 ~ 2 thinning and determine strain, make number of plants per unit area reach the density of plantation 920 strains/hm
2requirement.
On the basis that water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation arrangement, width, density, the gradient are optimized, also be that it gives full play to the prerequisite of every ecological functions to the rational deployment of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation, water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system integral layout schematic diagram described in example of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, composition graphs 2:
For realizing the decontamination effect improving of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system the best, setting water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system terrestrial facies vegetation zone width is 13.2m, aqueous phase plant bandwidth is 1.5 meters, on slope, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m, under slope, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m, it can be 14.8 ° with reference to the optimum gradient of adjustment, and drought resisting, low water consumption shrub species (indigenous tree such as the optional twigs of the chaste tree, ansu apricot, Ramulus et Folium Spiraeae Salicifolia) are planted in collocation, aqueous phase band plants different waterplant according to three kinds of configurations in following table 1:
Table 1 water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation construction layout optimization
Above-mentioned adopted water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation level and arranged perpendicular method more meet waterhead area and build industry requirement that is multi-level, multi-functional, Multi benefit artificial forest, and the method is applicable to input regulation and control and the water body purification of the area source pollutants such as buffer zone, riverbank N, P such as middle and small river, reservoir, lake, waterhead area, artificial swamp, for water bodies of rivers and lakes Pollution abatement and protection and restoration of the ecosystem, there is important application and promotional value.
In sum, described in the embodiment of the present invention, collocation method tool has the following advantages:
1) plant selected by water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system adopts horizontal arrangement and stereoscopic configurations, effectively can strengthen N, P and retain transformation efficiency on the spot to reduce the Pollution of Eco-system Environment thing input of lake, river, protection river and lake water quality safety;
2) build region, comparatively previous investigation with the region, riverbank apart from shoaling water, 1.5 meters, riverbank above extension 14.7 meters for water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system, disturbance surface area reduces greatly, decreases earth's surface water and soil number of dropouts;
3) slope of river bank is trimmed to 14.8 °, and more meet existing riverbank actual grade situation, construction work amount significantly reduces, and cost of investment reduces, and is beneficial to nature runoff gathering simultaneously;
4) quantized the minimum width of water bodies of rivers and lakes ecological purification system vegetation construction, the optimum gradient and density, operability is stronger, and construction volume significantly reduces;
5) can not cause secondary pollution, waterplant can perch for zooplankton provides place of ingesting, ecology, view and obvious environment benefit.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (6)
1. a collocation method for water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system, is characterized in that, described collocation method comprises:
Utilize different vegetation type terrestrial facies Riparian Zone to discharge water the change of laboratory method, analysis stream water body Middle nutrition concentration of element when the terrestrial facies vegetation zone of different in width, and contrast various vegetation type and width to the removal effect of water nutrition material;
Comprehensively analyze according to removal effect, determine that water body purification effect reaches the terrestrial plant kind of desired value;
By the simulated experiment of waterplant artificial floating island, to before various aquatic plant cultivation and after cultivation in body and the nutritive substance of water body measure, based on the metastatic rule analytical results of nutritive substance, determine that water body purification effect reaches the waterplant kind of desired value;
According to water body purification effect, vertical and horizontal mixed configuration is carried out to the terrestrial plant kind determined and waterplant kind;
Based on configured terrestrial plant kind and waterplant kind, use statistical method, width, density and the gradient that water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system vegetation is built is optimized, and selected minimum width, the optimum gradient and density.
2. the collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described selected minimum width, the optimum gradient and density, specifically comprise:
Selected water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system terrestrial facies plant construction minimum width is 13.2m, and shoaling water waterplant bandwidth is 1.5m;
The gradient scope of buffer zone, riverbank is 12 °-16 °, and the optimum gradient is 14.8 °.
3. the collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described collocation method also comprises:
Based on configured terrestrial plant kind and waterplant kind, optimum vegetation density is 920 strains/hm
2;
And arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m on the slope of buffer zone, described riverbank, under slope, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m.
4. the collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The terrestrial plant kind that determined water body purification effect reaches desired value is: tamarack, Chinese pine and white birch;
The waterplant kind that determined water body purification effect reaches desired value is: typha orientalis, wilson iris, Scirpus tabernaemontani.
5. the collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described terrestrial plant kind to determining and waterplant kind carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration, specifically comprise:
By the terrestrial plant kind tamarack determined and white birch, and the waterplant kind typha orientalis determined and wilson iris carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration;
Or by the terrestrial plant kind Chinese pine determined and tamarack, and the waterplant kind Scirpus tabernaemontani determined and wilson iris carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration;
Or by the terrestrial plant kind tamarack determined, and the waterplant kind Scirpus tabernaemontani determined and wilson iris carry out vertical and horizontal mixed configuration.
6. the collocation method of water bodies of rivers and lakes original position ecological purification system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before to various aquatic plant cultivation and after cultivation in body and when the nutritive substance of water body measures:
Selected testing index is total nitrogen TN and total phosphorus TP, and wherein the mensuration of total nitrogen TN selects alkaline chitinase to clear up ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the mensuration of total phosphorus TP selects ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method.
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| CN105404957A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-16 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Urban greening planning and management system and method |
| CN106242060A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of ecological protection system preventing water conservation district from polluting |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105404957A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-16 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Urban greening planning and management system and method |
| CN106242060A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of ecological protection system preventing water conservation district from polluting |
| CN106242060B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2019-02-19 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of ecological protection system for preventing water conservation district from polluting |
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