CN105753159B - A kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source - Google Patents
A kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source Download PDFInfo
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- CN105753159B CN105753159B CN201610160655.4A CN201610160655A CN105753159B CN 105753159 B CN105753159 B CN 105753159B CN 201610160655 A CN201610160655 A CN 201610160655A CN 105753159 B CN105753159 B CN 105753159B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source, this method includes：Terraced fields are carried out with the transformation of wetland：Wetland transformation is carried out by protecting the biological hedge of bank, structure and establishing the wetland plant vitellarium with certain water level to the terraced fields left；Irrigation and drainage system are transformed or are built to adaptation to local conditions：After carrying out wetland transformation to terraced fields adaptation to local conditions, step artificial swamp irrigation system and drainage system are constructed, while the present invention discloses a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp for purifying pollution of area source according to natural precipitation situation.One aspect of the present invention reduces the nitrogen phosphorus from agricultural production using pollution of area source caused by the management residents in rural community and livestock and poultry cultivation with ordering, on the other hand it is intercepted on the spot on from reduction pollutant into dirt with cutting down Rural Plane Source Pollution, falling zone enters the last line of defense of water body as barrier Rural Plane Source Pollution object, plays important environmental improvement function and effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to contamination control with administering field more particularly to a kind of falling zone step people for purifying pollution of area source
Work wetland construction method.
Background technology
Upper Yangtze River is the ecological protective screen of the Yangtze river basin, and reservoir area of Three Gorges is the throat of the ecological protective screen, relocation of people from reservoir areas and ecology
Environmental protection is the key that Three Gorges Projects success or failure.After Three Gorges Projects are completed, form library and be about 660km, water surface area is
1084km2, the average water surface wide 1500m, most wide water surface 2600m, mean depth 70m, maximum water depth 170m, 39,300,000,000 m of aggregate storage capacity3,
451,000,000,000 m of annual mean runoff3, library water front is up to the reservoir of 2200km.Three Gorges Reservoir belongs to super-huge annual-storage reservoir, according to water
The operating scheme in library " storage is arranged clearly turbid ", Impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir water level elevation 145m before dam change between 175m, are done in reservoir area
Tributary two sides form normal throw up to 30 meters of falling zone.Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone is the alternation of wetting and drying of water level mechanical periodicity repeatedly
Area belongs to key subsystem in ecological environment of reservoir areas, is parabiosis transition and the buffer strip of reservoir area land-based area reservoir, with reservoir area waters
System and two sides hillside fields system carry out substance, energy exchange, be embody Three Gorges Projects flood control, power benefit important space area
Domain and nearly ten million urban and rural residents of library bank band and million immigrant survival and development environment important component, be current China most
Big artificial swamp.
Before Impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir, the following eco-environmental qualities of height above sea level 200m best main region in reservoir area of Three Gorges is exactly
Falling zone affiliated area, after water storage, essence variation has occurred in terrestrial ecological environment, produces a series of ecological environments and asks
Topic, library bank environmental pollution exacerbation, coastal waters Water Eutrophication, the soil erosion and the soil erosion that falling zone is hidden increase,
And biocoene degenerates and the ecological secret worry such as ecosystem destruction is shown, directly affect and endanger reservoir area of Three Gorges and
Ecoscape, Three Gorges Reservoir water quality, reservoir sediment accumulation and the stable reservoir bank of Yangtze River Gorges international gold tourism belt, library bank band city
The villeggiatura people and immigrant's production and living environment, terrestrial and aquatile inhabit breeding habitat and bio-diversity conservation, falling zone provide
Source utilizes.Therefore, the ecological problem of Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone is not only related to the ecological environment of reservoir area, is also related to library
Area's economy, social sustainable development bring the ecological environment of reservoir area of Three Gorges or even the entire Yangtze river basin, economy and social development
Significant impact.
After Three Gorges Reservoir is formed, the requirement to water environment is more and more stringenter.As country is to reservoir area of Three Gorges environmental protection measure
Input, point-source pollution gradually control the input of Three Gorges Reservoir, and current emphasis is also gradually transferred to dispersion, wide agriculture
It pollutes in village.Domestic sewage in rural areas, especially dispersing type sewage are the chief components of Non-point Source Pollution In The Three Gorges Area, it is necessary to point
Administered to stage.
Agricultural production and life in the countryside are the main sources of reservoir area of Three Gorges and upstream basin water body nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, control rural area
Surface source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is vital task and the measure of prevention and control reservoir area of Three Gorges water body, particularly tributary body eutrophication.Control plane
On the one hand nitrogen phosphorus that source pollution will reduce agricultural production from source is applied and the management residents in rural community of ordering and livestock and poultry
On the other hand cultivation will be started with into dirty possibility from pollutant is reduced, be intercepted on the spot with cutting down Rural Plane Source Pollution.Make falling zone
Enter the last line of defense of water body for barrier Rural Plane Source Pollution object, it should which there is important environmental functional and effect.At present
Rural Plane Source Pollution is obstructed about falling zone not deep enough.
The present invention is pair with reservoir area rural decentralized wastewater (point-source pollution) according to basin contaminant transportation Process Control Theory
As, investigation reservoir area rural decentralized wastewater Distribution Pattern, groups of contaminants into and polluting property on the basis of, for falling zone wetland
System is to the retention of rural decentralized wastewater, buffering and degradation capability；Build new falling zone Constructed Wetland Ecology System and reservoir area
Effective collection mode of rural decentralized wastewater, the structure and respective design parameter for solving falling zone wetlands ecosystems cut system
The influence of dirty decontamination effect.By the way that there is the screening for cutting dirty decontamination plant and distribute rationally, make efficiently to cut dirty decontamination people from falling zone
Work wet land system is to reduce storage pollutional load, form concentration organic pollutant in falling zone artificial swamp and processing and carry out work
Journey is demonstrated.
The selection of falling zone plant ecotype and biotype at present is cut with pollution of area source barrier ecological protective functions, falling zone
Dirty decontamination foliage filter screening and distribute rationally it is not satisfactory, typical falling zone ecological protection band structure and cut a dirty decontamination technology integrate with
Demonstration and reservoir area fluctuating zone ecology forming types are implemented to need further perfect with entity.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source, purports
Dirty decontamination is cut in the selection for solving falling zone plant ecotype and biotype and pollution of area source barrier ecological protective functions, falling zone
Foliage filter screening and distribute rationally it is not satisfactory, typical falling zone ecological protection band structure and cut a dirty decontamination technology integrate with demonstration and
Reservoir area fluctuating zone ecology forming types are implemented with entity need to be further perfect, and falling zone obstructs pollution of area source further deep
Problem.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source, it should
Construction method includes the following steps：
Terraced fields are carried out with the transformation of wetland：To terraced fields by protecting the biological hedge of bank, structure and establishing wet with certain water level
Ground plant growth area carries out wetland transformation；
Irrigation and drainage system are transformed or are built to adaptation to local conditions：After carrying out wetland transformation to terraced fields adaptation to local conditions, according to certainly
Right precipitation event construction step artificial swamp irrigation system and drainage system.
Further, the terraced fields include nonirrigated farmland and paddy field；The shield bank is reinforces original raised path through fields, the shield after reinforcing
The trapezoidal shape in bank cross section, Hu Kan both sides grade of side slope are less than 45 °, protect bank height 20cm-40cm, width 40cm-80cm, wide
Degree is at least 2 times of height；It is described to be to original raised path through fields progress reinforcement means：Centered on the original raised path through fields, according to practical feelings
Condition widen increasing to surrounding, and compacting smoothes out；The method of the biological hedge of structure is：On shield bank dense planting solid soil, resistance to flood
Plant builds biological hedge；The biological hedge of the structure is used to further reinforce shield bank and reduces soil nutrient loss, the solid soil,
The alternative species of the resistance to Plants selection Bermuda grass flooded and Hemarthria compressa as biological hedge.
Further, the wetland plant vitellarium with certain water level of establishing requires to take according to wetland plant to the depth of water
Different depth is turned over, and the soil property part after turning over forms shield bank for increasing ridge, remaining to transport, so as to establish
Wetland plant vitellarium with certain water level；It is described turn over after soil property in the soil layer good to surface layer soil property fertility retain.
Further, after the transformation that terraced fields are carried out with wetland is transformed or builds in irrigation and drainage system in the adaptation to local conditions,
According to natural precipitation situation, the deep pool of an artificial swamp irrigation system is set in higher gradient, in step artificial swamp
The flood control road that the flood control road of drainage system is built in the relatively low side of topography or modification is left.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp for purifying pollution of area source, this can be purified
The falling zone step artificial swamp of pollution of area source is with including oxidation pond, water spinach wetland, paddy field wetland, lotus wetland, bamboo osiery；Oxygen
Change the extreme higher position that the pool is located at the falling zone step artificial swamp that can purify pollution of area source, water spinach wetland is close to oxidation pond and is located at
Oxidation pond lower part, for paddy field wetland close to water spinach wetland and positioned at water spinach wetland lower part, lotus wetland is close to paddy field wetland and is located at
Paddy field wetland lower part, bamboo osiery it is adjoining with oxidation pond, water spinach wetland, paddy field wetland, lotus wetland；
The oxidation pond include swag, using deep-cut soil reinforce oxidation pond surrounding oxidation pond ridge and be planted in swag
The lotus rhizome in portion or arrowhead；The water spinach wetland includes the compartment block that the size of foundation field determines, the water spinach children being planted on the block of compartment
Seedling；The paddy field wetland includes paddy field wetland ridge, kind is planted in rice shoot on paddy field wetland ridge and；The lotus wetland includes
Lotus wetland ridge, the lotus root kind being planted on lotus wetland ridge；The bamboo osiery including bamboo osiery, be planted in bamboo osiery
The bamboo willow cuttage seeding on ground；
The oxidation pond ridge for being wider than 0.5m is reinforced in the swag surrounding that depth is 0.5m-0.8m；
The compartment block that compartment block is width 1.2m in the water spinach wetland, length is determining according to the size of field, water spinach seedling are high
10cm-12cm, water spinach seedling line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 3cm；
The paddy field wetland sets multiple paddy field wetland ridges, plants a height of 25cm- of rice shoot being planted on paddy field wetland ridge
35cm, the rice shoot spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, the paddy field wetland ridge are provided with cave, and rice shoot is planted in cave；
The lotus wetland is provided with multiple lotus wetland ridges, be planted in lotus root kind spacing in the rows 1m on lotus wetland ridge,
Line-spacing 1.5cm；
The bamboo willow cuttage seeding of the bamboo willow cuttage seeding diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2.5-3cm for being planted in bamboo osiery ground, a height of 2.5m, according to bamboo
Willow cuttage seeding line-spacing is 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oxidation pond construction method, the oxidation pond construction method is：
It is deep-cut on the basis of reason paddy field, forms the swag that depth is 0.5m-0.8m, while utilize and deep-cut native reinforcing
The ridge of oxidation pond surrounding makes the wide ＞ 0.5m of ridge, is higher by oxidation pond water surface 0.5m.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water spinach wetland construction method, which is：It is first
It first plows, is then trimmed to the width compartment block determining according to the size of field for 1.2m, length, then transplants water spinach seedling, it is described
The high 10cm-12cm of water spinach seedling, planting density are line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 3cm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of paddy field wetland construction method, which is：It is first
First plow, modify the paddy field wetland ridge of water conservation, then at the beginning of 5 months sowing, mid-June transplanting seedlings, rice shoot specification be high 25cm-
35cm, planting density is spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, per 2 plants of cave.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lotus wetland construction method, which is：
It plows first, modifies the lotus wetland ridge of water conservation, then broadcast lotus root kind at the beginning of 4 months, have the lotus root kind specification of complete bud extremely
Retain 2-3 section less, planting density is spacing in the rows 1m, line-spacing 1.5cm, per 1 plant of nest.
Another object of the present invention is to a kind of with providing bamboo osiery construction method, the bamboo osiery construction method be：Bamboo
Osiery field planting selects healthy bamboo willow cuttage seeding of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground for 2.5-3cm, a height of 2.5m, the topography according to bamboo osiery field planting ground
Bamboo willow cuttage seeding line-spacing depending on fluctuating situation is 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters.
The falling zone step artificial swamp construction method provided by the invention for purifying pollution of area source on the one hand reduce from
The nitrogen phosphorus of agricultural production applies pollution of area source caused by management residents in rural community and livestock and poultry cultivation with ordering, on the other hand
It is intercepted on the spot on from reduction pollutant into dirt with cutting down Rural Plane Source Pollution, falling zone enters as Rural Plane Source Pollution object is obstructed
The last line of defense of water body plays important environmental improvement function and effect.
Gradient includes four gradients in step artificial swamp in falling zone of the present invention：First, fluctuation in stage " gradient "；Second is that it goes through
The land use " gradient " (terraced fields) that history is left；Third, biology " gradient "；Fourth, economic utilization " gradient ".This four gradient chains
" history " and " present situation " have been connect, has been linked " time " and " space ", has also merged " quiet " and " dynamic ".The present invention realizes this four
" gradient " is identical or couples, and really annotates proposition of the protection of Three Gorges Reservoir with seeming contradiction using this；
Hydraulic gradiant：And Three Gorges Reservoir unique water level regulation pattern (3-9 month low water level operations (140m), 10- next years
The high water level operation of 2 months) location and range of time exposure (or flooding) that cause falling zone different in 1 year be it is different,
The namely available part in falling zone is different the different months of 1 year；Land use gradient is exactly the mould of terraced fields
Formula；Biological gradient：Actually according to the difference of different plant life cycles, life cycle is selected just in annual 3-9
The plant that month (i.e. in the falling zone exposure time) can just complete, the growth of such plant would not be affected；Economic utilization
Gradient：I.e. on the basis of biological gradient, according to the economic value (or price) in annual different months of each plant no
Together, the relationship between the input and output of consideration, while in view of the effect of its section of dirty decontamination, select the crop plants (vegetable of plantation
Dish etc.)；
Water spinach in the present invention：Typical industrial crops, biological characteristics are that the speed of growth is fast, not high to moisture requirement
(compared to lotus root and rice), better economic result, and 175m elevation exposure time longests (using time longest), so
175m engineerings selection plantation water spinach,
Rice：To moisture requirement height, cereal crops are planted in 168m engineerings or so, before water logging, can receive just
It obtains；
Lotus root：It is to moisture requirement highest, and after water logging, second year can still be grown, so being planted in 165m elevations；
Osiery is arbor, has the function of to prevent erosion；These crops and arbor etc. are planted, is biology, economy
It learns, water level is dispatched, cuts the synthesis of many aspects such as dirty dirt-removing power.
Oxidation pond is first step of artificial swamp in the present invention, when storage and initial breakdown life in the countryside pollutant,
Second is that water storage；Water spinach wetland is second step of step artificial swamp, mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions；Paddy field wetland is ladder
The third step of grade artificial swamp mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions；Lotus wetland is the 4th ladder of step artificial swamp
Grade mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions and landscape function；Bamboo osiery it is bamboo osiery area, which is that water and soil is protected
It holds, the herbosa of bamboo willow, part hayashishita configuration herbage and clear-cutting forestland is mainly planted in the region.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the falling zone step artificial swamp construction method flow chart provided by the invention for purifying pollution of area source.
Fig. 2 is the falling zone step artificial swamp structure diagram provided by the invention for purifying pollution of area source.
1st, oxidation pond；2nd, water spinach wetland；3rd, paddy field wetland；4th, lotus wetland；5th, bamboo osiery.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described the application principle of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1：A kind of falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source, the construction method packet
Include following steps：
S101：Terraced fields are carried out with the transformation of wetland：There is certain water level by protecting the biological hedge of bank, structure and establishing to terraced fields
Wetland plant vitellarium carry out wetland transformation；
S102：Irrigation and drainage system are transformed or are built to adaptation to local conditions：After wetland transformation being carried out to terraced fields adaptation to local conditions, root
Step artificial swamp irrigation system and drainage system are constructed according to natural precipitation situation.
The terraced fields include nonirrigated farmland and paddy field；For the shield bank to be reinforced to original raised path through fields, the shield bank after reinforcing is transversal
The trapezoidal shape in face, Hu Kan both sides grade of side slope are less than 45 °, protect bank height 20cm-40cm, width 40cm-80cm, width is at least
2 times for height；It is described to be to original raised path through fields progress reinforcement means：Centered on the original raised path through fields, according to actual conditions to week
It encloses and widen increasing, compacting smoothes out；The method of the biological hedge of structure is：The solid soil of dense planting, the resistance to plant flooded, structure on shield bank
Build biological hedge；The biological hedge of the structure is used to further reinforce shield bank and reduces soil nutrient loss, the solid soil, the resistance to plant flooded
Object selects the alternative species of Bermuda grass and Hemarthria compressa as biological hedge.
There is described establish the wetland plant vitellarium of certain water level the depth of water is required according to wetland plant to take different depths
Degree is turned over, and the soil property part after turning over forms shield bank for increasing ridge, remaining to transport, so as to establish with one
Determine the wetland plant vitellarium of water level；It is described turn over after soil property in the soil layer good to surface layer soil property fertility retain.
After the transformation that terraced fields are carried out with wetland is transformed or builds in irrigation and drainage system in the adaptation to local conditions, according to nature
Precipitation event sets the deep pool of an artificial swamp irrigation system in higher gradient, relatively low in the topography of step artificial swamp
Side build the flood control road of drainage system or the flood control road left of modification.Normal moisture of the precipitation usually with regard to wetland can be met
It needs, but the situation of water shortage may also be will appear in arid, to ensure certain wetland plants higher to moisture requirement
It can well grow, need to construct step artificial swamp irrigation system, need to set (or the oxidation of a deep pool in higher gradient
The pool), upland water and natural precipitation can be stored, can be filled using the power that the natural-drop of step artificial swamp generates
Irrigate, while in order to control flood, need to build flood control road in the relatively low side of the topography of entire step artificial swamp or modification leave it is anti-
Big vast road, to prevent waterlogging.
As shown in Figure 2：The present invention provides a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp for purifying pollution of area source, including oxidation pond
1st, water spinach wetland 2, paddy field wetland 3, lotus wetland 4, bamboo osiery 5；Wherein 1 first step of oxidation pond, area 3.5
Mu, water level elevation is located at 173m-175m, is the extreme higher position of step artificial swamp, and there are two the functions of aspect for tool：First, storage
And initial breakdown life in the countryside pollutant, second is that water storage.Wetland plant lotus rhizome and arrowhead is mainly configured in the region.Water spinach wetland
2 be second step of step artificial swamp, and close to oxidation pond, area is 18 mu, and water level elevation is located at 170m-173m, mainly
With subtracting dirty dirt-removing functions.Water spinach (also known as water spinach or steaming dish) is mainly transplanted in the region, that is, forms water spinach wetland.Rice field
Wetland 3 is the third step of step artificial swamp, and close to water spinach wetland, area is 22 mu, and water level elevation is located at 167m-170m
(or 175m) mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions.Rice is mainly transplanted in the region, that is, forms paddy field wetland.Lotus wetland 4 is
4th step of step artificial swamp, close to paddy field wetland, area is 20 mu, and water level elevation is located at 164m-167m, main to have
Have and subtract dirty dirt-removing functions and landscape function.Lotus is mainly planted in the region, forms lotus wetland.Bamboo osiery 5 be bamboo osiery
Area, area are about 320 mu (abrupt slopes of Nei Gao containing demonstration area regions), which is located at elevation 165m-175m, belongs to abrupt slope falling zone,
25 ° of mean inclination ＞, the region major function are water and soil conservation.Bamboo willow, part hayashishita configuration herbage are mainly planted in the region
With the herbosa of clear-cutting forestland.
The oxidation pond includes swag and utilizes the oxidation pond ridge for deep-cutting soil reinforcing oxidation pond surrounding；The water spinach wetland
Including the compartment block determined according to the size of field, the water spinach seedling being planted on the block of compartment；The paddy field wetland includes paddy field wetland
Ridge, kind be planted in rice shoot on paddy field wetland ridge and；The lotus wetland includes lotus wetland ridge, is planted in lotus wetland
Lotus root kind on ridge；The bamboo osiery including bamboo osiery, be planted in the bamboo willow cuttage seeding on bamboo osiery ground.
The oxidation pond ridge for being wider than 0.5m is reinforced in the swag surrounding that depth is 0.5m-0.8m.
The compartment block that compartment block is width 1.2m in the water spinach wetland, length is determining according to the size of field, water spinach seedling are high
10cm-12cm, water spinach seedling line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 3cm.
The paddy field wetland sets multiple paddy field wetland ridges, plants a height of 25cm- of rice shoot being planted on paddy field wetland ridge
35cm, the rice shoot spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, the paddy field wetland ridge are provided with cave, and rice shoot is planted in cave, per cave 2
Strain.
The lotus wetland is provided with multiple lotus wetland ridges, be planted in lotus root kind spacing in the rows 1m on lotus wetland ridge,
Line-spacing 1.5cm, per 1 plant of nest.
The bamboo willow cuttage seeding of the bamboo willow cuttage seeding diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2.5-3cm for being planted in bamboo osiery ground, a height of 2.5m, according to bamboo
Willow cuttage seeding line-spacing is 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters.
The present invention provides a kind of oxidation pond construction method, and the oxidation pond construction method is：
It is deep-cut on the basis of reason paddy field, forms the swag that depth is 0.5m-0.8m, while utilize and deep-cut native reinforcing
The ridge of oxidation pond surrounding makes the wide ＞ 0.5m of ridge, is higher by oxidation pond water surface 0.5m, so that water storage and storage life in the countryside are dirty
Water.
The present invention provides a kind of water spinach wetland construction method, which is：It plows, then modifies first
For the compartment block that width is 1.2m, length is determining according to the size of field, water spinach seedling, the high 10cm- of water spinach seedling are then transplanted
12cm, planting density are line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 3cm.
The present invention provides a kind of paddy field wetland construction method, which is：It plows first, modifies water conservation
Ridge, then at the beginning of 5 months sowing, mid-June transplanting seedlings, rice shoot specification be high 25cm-35cm, planting density is spacing in the rows
10cm, line-spacing 15cm, per 2 plants of cave.
The present invention provides a kind of lotus wetland construction method, which is：
It plows first, modifies the lotus wetland ridge of water conservation, then broadcast lotus root kind at the beginning of 4 months, have the lotus root kind specification of complete bud extremely
Retain 2-3 section less, planting density is spacing in the rows 1m, line-spacing 1.5cm, nest is provided on lotus wetland ridge, per 1 plant of nest.
Another object of the present invention is to a kind of with providing bamboo osiery construction method, the bamboo osiery construction method be：Bamboo
Osiery field planting selects healthy bamboo willow cuttage seeding of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground for 2.5-3cm, a height of 2.5m, the topography according to bamboo osiery field planting ground
Line-spacing depending on fluctuating situation is 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters.
The falling zone step artificial swamp construction method provided by the invention for purifying pollution of area source on the one hand reduce from
The nitrogen phosphorus of agricultural production applies pollution of area source caused by management residents in rural community and livestock and poultry cultivation with ordering, on the other hand
It is intercepted on the spot on from reduction pollutant into dirt with cutting down Rural Plane Source Pollution, falling zone enters as Rural Plane Source Pollution object is obstructed
The last line of defense of water body plays important environmental improvement function and effect.
Gradient includes four gradients in step artificial swamp in falling zone of the present invention：First, fluctuation in stage " gradient "；Second is that it goes through
The land use " gradient " (terraced fields) that history is left；Third, biology " gradient "；Fourth, economic utilization " gradient ".This four gradient chains
" history " and " present situation " have been connect, has been linked " time " and " space ", has also merged " quiet " and " dynamic ".The present invention realizes this four
" gradient " is identical or couples, and really annotates proposition of the protection of Three Gorges Reservoir with seeming contradiction using this；
Hydraulic gradiant：And Three Gorges Reservoir unique water level regulation pattern (3-9 month low water level operations (140m), 10- next years
The high water level operation of 2 months) location and range of time exposure (or flooding) that cause falling zone different in 1 year be it is different,
The namely available part in falling zone is different the different months of 1 year；Land use gradient is exactly the mould of terraced fields
Formula；Biological gradient：Actually according to the difference of different plant life cycles, life cycle is selected just in annual 3-9
The plant that month (i.e. in the falling zone exposure time) can just complete, the growth of such plant would not be affected；Economic utilization
Gradient：I.e. on the basis of biological gradient, according to the economic value (or price) in annual different months of each plant no
Together, the relationship between the input and output of consideration, while in view of the effect of its section of dirty decontamination, select the crop plants (vegetable of plantation
Dish etc.)；
Water spinach in the present invention：(vegetable, biological characteristics are that the speed of growth is fast to typical industrial crops, to moisture requirement
Not high (compared to lotus root and rice), growth cycle is long, better economic result, and 175m elevation exposure times longest (using when
Between longest), so 175m engineerings select plantation water spinach.
Rice：To moisture requirement height, cereal crops are planted in 168m engineerings or so, before water logging, can receive just
It obtains；
Lotus root：It is to moisture requirement highest, and after water logging, second year can still be grown, so being planted in 165m elevations；
Osiery is arbor, mainly from the point of view of prevention soil and water loss；These crops and arbor etc. are planted, is biology
, economics, water level scheduling, the synthesis for cutting many aspects such as dirty dirt-removing power.
Oxidation pond is first step of artificial swamp in the present invention, when storage and initial breakdown life in the countryside pollutant,
Second is that water storage；Water spinach wetland is second step of step artificial swamp, mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions；Paddy field wetland is ladder
The third step of grade artificial swamp mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions；Lotus wetland is the 4th ladder of step artificial swamp
Grade mainly has and subtracts dirty dirt-removing functions and landscape function；Bamboo osiery it is bamboo osiery area, which is that water and soil is protected
It holds, the herbosa of bamboo willow, part hayashishita configuration herbage and clear-cutting forestland is mainly planted in the region.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. falling zone step artificial swamp construction method for purifying pollution of area source, which is characterized in that the construction method packet Include following steps：Terraced fields are carried out with the transformation of wetland：Terraced fields are planted by protecting the biological hedge of bank, structure and establishing the wetland with certain water level Object vitellarium carries out wetland transformation；Irrigation and drainage system are transformed or are built to adaptation to local conditions：After carrying out wetland transformation to terraced fields adaptation to local conditions, according to natural drop Regimen condition constructs step artificial swamp irrigation system and drainage system；The terraced fields include nonirrigated farmland and paddy field；To be reinforced to original raised path through fields, the Hu Kan cross sections after reinforcing are in the shield bank Trapezoidal shape, Hu Kan both sides grade of side slope are less than 45 °, and shield bank height 20cm-40cm, width 40cm-80cm, width is at least high 2 times of degree；It is described to be to original raised path through fields progress reinforcement means：Centered on the original raised path through fields, according to actual conditions to surrounding into Row, which is widened, to be increased, and compacting smoothes out；The method of the biological hedge of structure is：The solid soil of dense planting, the resistance to plant flooded, structure life on shield bank Object hedge；The biological hedge of the structure is used to further reinforce shield bank and reduces soil nutrient loss, the solid soil, the resistance to plant choosing flooded By the use of Bermuda grass and Hemarthria compressa as the alternative species of biological hedge；There is described establish the wetland plant vitellarium of certain water level the depth of water is required according to wetland plant to take different depth It turns over, the soil property part after turning over forms shield bank for increasing ridge, remaining to transport, so as to establish with certain water The wetland plant vitellarium of position；It is described turn over after soil property in the soil layer good to surface layer soil property fertility retain.
- 2. the falling zone step artificial swamp construction method of pollution of area source can be purified as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that After the transformation that terraced fields are carried out with wetland is transformed or builds in irrigation and drainage system in the adaptation to local conditions, according to natural precipitation feelings Condition sets the deep pool of an artificial swamp irrigation system, in the relatively low side of the topography of step artificial swamp in higher gradient It builds the flood control road of drainage system or modifies the flood control road left.
- 3. a kind of falling zone step artificial swamp for purifying pollution of area source built using claim 1 the method, special Sign is that the falling zone step artificial swamp that can purify pollution of area source includes oxidation pond, water spinach wetland, paddy field wetland, lotus Wetland and bamboo osiery；Oxidation pond is located at the extreme higher position for the falling zone step artificial swamp that can purify pollution of area source, and water spinach is wet Ground is close to oxidation pond and positioned at oxidation pond lower part, and paddy field wetland is close to water spinach wetland and positioned at water spinach wetland lower part, lotus wetland Close to paddy field wetland and positioned at paddy field wetland lower part, bamboo osiery with oxidation pond, water spinach wetland, paddy field wetland, lotus wetland It is adjoining；The oxidation pond include swag, using deep-cut soil reinforce oxidation pond surrounding oxidation pond ridge and be planted in inside swag Lotus rhizome or arrowhead；The water spinach wetland includes the compartment block that the size of foundation field determines, the water spinach seedling being planted on the block of compartment；Institute Paddy field wetland is stated to include paddy field wetland ridge, plant the rice shoot being planted on paddy field wetland ridge；It is wet that the lotus wetland includes lotus Ground ridge, the lotus root kind being planted on lotus wetland ridge；The bamboo osiery including bamboo osiery, be planted in the bamboo on bamboo osiery ground Willow cuttage seeding；The oxidation pond ridge for being wider than 0.5m is reinforced in the swag surrounding that depth is 0.5m-0.8m；The compartment block that compartment block is width 1.2m in the water spinach wetland, length is determining according to the size of field, the high 10cm- of water spinach seedling 12cm, water spinach seedling line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 3cm；The paddy field wetland sets multiple paddy field wetland ridges, plants a height of 25cm-35cm of rice shoot being planted on paddy field wetland ridge, The rice shoot spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, the paddy field wetland ridge are provided with cave, and rice shoot is planted in cave；The lotus wetland is provided with multiple lotus wetland ridges, lotus root kind spacing in the rows 1m, the line-spacing being planted on lotus wetland ridge 1.5cm；The bamboo willow cuttage seeding of the bamboo willow cuttage seeding diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2.5-3cm for being planted in bamboo osiery ground, a height of 2.5m, according to bamboo willow skewer Seedlings plugging line-spacing is 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters.
- A kind of 4. oxidation pond construction method of artificial swamp as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the oxidation pond structure side Method is：It is deep-cut on the basis of reason paddy field, forms the swag that depth is 0.5m-0.8m, while oxidation is reinforced using soil is deep-cut The ridge of pool surrounding makes the wide ＞ 0.5m of ridge, is higher by oxidation pond water surface 0.5m.
- 5. a kind of water spinach wetland construction method of artificial swamp as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the water spinach wetland is built Method is：It plows first, is then trimmed to the width compartment block determining according to the size of field for 1.2m, length, then transplants water spinach Seedling, the high 10cm-12cm of water spinach seedling, planting density are line-spacing 5cm, spacing in the rows 3cm.
- 6. a kind of paddy field wetland construction method of artificial swamp as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the paddy field wetland is built Method is：Plow first, modify the paddy field wetland ridge of water conservation, then at the beginning of 5 months sowing, mid-June transplanting seedlings, rice shoot specification For high 25cm-35cm, planting density is spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 15cm, per 2 plants of cave.
- 7. a kind of lotus wetland construction method of artificial swamp as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the lotus wetland is built Method is：It plows first, modifies the lotus wetland ridge of water conservation, then broadcast lotus root kind at the beginning of 4 months, the lotus root kind specification for having complete bud is at least protected 2-3 section is stayed, planting density is spacing in the rows 1m, line-spacing 1.5cm.
- 8. a kind of bamboo osiery of artificial swamp as claimed in claim 3 ground construction method, which is characterized in that build to the bamboo osiery Method is：Bamboo osiery field planting selects healthy bamboo willow cuttage seeding of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground for 2.5-3cm, a height of 2.5m, is made according to bamboo osiery The relief situation bamboo willow cuttage seeding line-spacing in forest land is 2m, and spacing in the rows is 1.5 meters.
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| CN106223261B (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-05-15 | 重庆大方生态环境治理股份有限公司 | A kind of construction method of more pool systems of control agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN107710939A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-23 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | A kind of gentle slope paddy-field flattening remodeling method |
| CN107853121B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2023-09-26 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Comprehensive control system and method for agricultural non-point source pollution of hillside fields |
| CN109702003B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2020-08-18 | 云南大学 | Method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again in phosphorus-rich region slope catchment region by kidney simulation |
| CN109874442B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2024-03-29 | 金陵科技学院 | Irrigation and drainage system for field in-situ ecological circulating water treatment |
| CN110981097A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Multistage ecosystem that prevents and control agricultural non-point source phosphorus and run off |
| CN112875870A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-01 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Design method of small micro-wetland of ladder pond |
| CN113248020A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司 | Design method of small micro-wetland of bamboo forest |
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