CN109702003B - Method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again in phosphorus-rich region slope catchment region by kidney simulation - Google Patents
Method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again in phosphorus-rich region slope catchment region by kidney simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again in a phosphorus-rich region slope catchment region by simulating kidneys, which comprises the steps of analyzing the contents of (ss), total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in surface runoff of the phosphorus-rich region through a hydrometeorology test report, and determining the required amount of fillers and plants according to rainfall and the concentration of related non-point source pollutants; determining the scale of the sand setting-filtering system according to the obtained rainfall and the (ss) content; the size of the water collection/drainage channel is designed according to the rainfall, runoff, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow velocity and other hydraulic parameters. The invention mainly aims at the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus output by a phosphorus-rich region in mountainous regions and aims at prevention and control, and combines soil-rock engineering and bioengineering to design a diversion/infiltration system and a derivation/collection system of a micro-ditch so as to locally absorb pollutants in a catchment region. The method is suitable for removing surface-source pollutants such as total suspended matters (ss), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and the like in runoff in the phosphorus-rich region of the mountainous region.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for treating the environment after phosphorite area collection.
Background
The phosphorus-rich region mainly comprises mountains and hills, belongs to plateau structures, and erodes the hilly landforms which are divided shallowly. The area belongs to IIAii-1 Yunnan, Yunnan plateau semi-humid evergreen broad leaf forest and Yunnan pine forest areas, the following IIAii-1a Yunnan plateau basin valley Yunnan green Gongjin forest, Yuanjiang tannin extract and Yunnan pine forest sub-areas, the dominant plants are festuca arundinacea (Erianthus), coriaria (Corianianacaulis) and Yunnan pine (Pnius yunnanensis), the soil type is acid soil, the soil is mainly mountain original red soil, local red lime soil exists, the pH value is 4.94-8.35, and the average value is 6.23. The soil organic matter is 0.55-11.6%, and the average is 3.21%. The total nitrogen of the soil is 54.7-8978mg/kg, and the average is 778 mg/kg. The total phosphorus content of the soil is 106-20895mg/kg, and the average content is 1864 mg/kg. The effective phosphorus is 7.9-184mg/kg, and the average is 80.4 mg/kg. The soil quick-acting potassium is 2.9-122mg/kg, and the average is 61.2 mg/kg. The total phosphorus content of the phosphorus-rich area ranges from 0.33 g/kg to 35.44g/kg, the average value is 5.27g/kg, and the total phosphorus of the soil is at the first-grade level. The content of the soil quick-acting phosphorus ranges from 1.54 to 9007.53mg/kg, and the soil quick-acting phosphorus is shown to be at a first-grade level from the mean value. The phosphorus content of the soil is too high, the phosphorus pollution load carried into the Yunnan pond from the region every year is huge, the eutrophication process of the Yunnan pond is accelerated, the water body safety is seriously threatened, and the potential threat to the health of human bodies is formed, so that the sustainable development of the society is threatened.
Generally speaking, the research on the repair and treatment of phosphorus-rich areas at home and abroad has been carried out for many years, but relatively laggard. In recent years, research on the restoration of soil quality in phosphorus-rich areas has been increasingly envisaged. Research shows that the common community of the phosphorus-rich degraded mountain land is investigated and the recovery efficiency of main species is evaluated, and the water and soil conservation function of common plants in the phosphorus-rich area of the Dianchi basin is researched; in addition, foreign researchers plant fast-growing plants to restore the healthy soil texture, or supplement soil conditioners to restore the physical and chemical properties of the soil, so that phosphorus-rich areas are restored to communities taking oak as dominant species, and the dynamic characteristics of the plants for the runoff reduction of the phosphorus-rich mountainous regions are researched. The qualitative and semi-quantitative phosphorus-rich area repair and treatment research is not mature and systematic enough and needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again by simulating the kidney of a sloping catchment area of a phosphorus-rich area, aiming at the purpose of preventing and controlling the output of the phosphorus-rich area in mountainous regions, and combining soil and stone engineering and biological engineering to design a diversion/infiltration system and a derivation/collection system of a micro-channel so as to locally absorb pollutants in the catchment area.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again in a phosphate-rich region slope catchment area by simulating kidney comprises the following steps:
step 1, analyzing the contents of ss, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in surface runoff of the phosphorus-rich area through a hydrometeorology test report.
Step 2, determining the amount of required fillers and plants according to the rainfall and the concentration of related non-point source pollutants (ss, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in surface runoff) in the step 1, and arranging the fillers and the plants on the surface of the phosphorus-rich area;
selecting the filler combination as ceramsite-iron slag-carbon slag according to the test on the adsorption performance of the single filler combination; when isothermal adsorption and dynamic adsorption measurement are carried out on a filler selection object, the maximum adsorption capacity of each filler on phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen is comprehensively compared, and the speed of achieving equilibrium adsorption is compared, and the result is as follows: the adsorption performance for phosphorus is ranked as: ceramsite, iron slag, slag and diatomite; cinder and straw are unsuitable as fillers for adsorbing phosphorus.
The adsorption performance of each filler to ammonia nitrogen is more than that of ceramsite and diatomite, and slag and iron slag are not suitable for being used as fillers for adsorbing ammonia nitrogen. By comprehensively analyzing the removing effect of each filler on phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, ceramsite, diatomite, iron slag and slag (slag taken from two places, named as slag and cinder respectively) are selected as main fillers. And (3) placing the filler into a filler bag with good permeability, and assembling according to the forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in water and the water flowing speed. And finally, taking out and replacing the filler bag with saturated adsorption, and placing the replaced filler to the root of the mountain land plant as a growing fertilizer source.
Determining the scale of the sand setting-filtering system according to the rainfall and the ss content obtained in the step 1;
comprises selecting Eupatorium adenophorum stalks, corn stalks, saccharum officinarum stalks and Chenopodium ambrosioides stalks with large biomass in a phosphorus-rich area as materials of a sand dam;
selecting a plurality of pot mouth terrains from top to bottom in the phosphorus-rich area according to the terrain, and sequentially establishing a plurality of sand blocking dams made of plant straws in a step shape, wherein the sand blocking dams are arranged at the upstream of the phosphorus-rich area;
according to design requirements and conditions on site, the grass filter belt is arranged at the downstream of a phosphorus-rich area and at the upstream of a sand dam, the critical particle size is set for removal, the sedimentation velocity omega (m/S), the slope E of the grass filter belt of the phosphorus-rich area and the grass-plant spacing S (m/S) of the grass filter belt are calculated according to a sedimentation velocity formula3S), according to the manning formula:
Df＝(qη)0.6/E0.3(m)
df is radial flow depth (m) of the grass filter belt;
q-radial flow per unit width (m)3/s)；
eta-Manning roughness coefficient;
e-grass band slope (%);
determining the actual runoff depth of the grass filter belt.
Flow velocity in grass filter zone Vs (1/η) Df2/3E1/2＝q/Df(m/s)；
The distance parameter is as follows: rs ═ S × Df)/(2Df + S) (m);
according to the empirical formula studied at kentucky university, the removal parameter X is:
X＝(Vs*Rs/V)0.82*(Lm*ω*Df/Vs)-0.91；
v is kinematic viscosity, generally 10-6；
The grass filter parameters were: the distance between the grass plants is 3 mm; the plants planted in the grass filter zone are vetiver grass, tall fescue, bermuda grass, bluegrass and ryegrass, and a small amount of castor-oil plant and jerusalem artichoke are planted at the tail end (the castor-oil plant and the jerusalem artichoke have larger absorption amount of nitrogen and phosphorus according to a plant evaluation system).
According to the empirical relationship between the removal parameter X and the silt removal rate, when X is 10, the silt removal rate reaches more than 98 percent, the engineering requirement can be met, and the length of the grass filter belt is obtained;
the method comprises the steps of establishing one or more rectangular sedimentation tanks according to local rainfall and surface runoff, wherein the size of the sedimentation tanks is long, wide and high, so that the surface hydraulic load q is in the range of 0.8-3.0;
according to the Vaccinium uliginosum overflow formula, at a certain flow rate, when the overflow rate is less than or equal to the particle settling rate, the particles with the particle size will settle, and the area of the grit chamber determines the overflow rate at a certain flow rate, according to the Vaccinium uliginosum overflow rate formula:
OR＝Q/As＝≤ω；
OR-overflow velocity (m/s);
q-flow (m)3/s)；
As-grit chamber area (m)2)；
Omega-settling velocity (m/s);
ω＝gD2*(Ps-1)/18V；
d-the sand setting critical particle size (m);
g-acceleration of gravity (m/s)2)；
V-viscosity coefficient;
ps-specific gravity of silt;
determining the flow rate according to rainfall analysis of the phosphorus-rich area; the sand setting efficiency of the grit chamber is set to 70% by comprehensively considering the silt content in the runoff, economic conditions, project requirements and the like; based on the particle size analysis result of the particles in the runoff, the critical particle size for removing the silt is 0.05mm when the required sand settling efficiency is achieved, and the formula OR is Q/As is not more than omega and omega is gD2*(Ps-1)/18V；
And calculating to obtain the area of the grit chamber, wherein the grit chamber is positioned at the upstream of the phosphorus-rich area.
The inner diameter of the grit chamber is 5m, and the area is 25m2Depth 1.5m, design flow 0.099m3S; the water outlets are arranged in a gradient mode (the water outlets are respectively arranged at the positions of 0cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 150cm at the bottom) so as to better realize the regulation and control function, and the sedimentation tank is arranged at the downstream of the grass filter belt.
And (3) designing the size of the water collection/drainage channel according to the rainfall, runoff, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow velocity and other hydraulic parameters in the step 1.
The method comprises the steps of ensuring that the retention time of water in a ditch system needs more than 20min, determining parameters of a grit chamber by combining a bog overflow rate formula, determining relevant parameters of a grass filter belt by combining a Manning formula and the like according to rainfall and catchment area of a phosphorus-rich area and considering that the adsorption effect of plants is fully exerted, and further designing the length and the sectional area of a water collection/drainage ditch.
The design position of the ditch is the upstream of the sedimentation tank and is connected with the sedimentation tank.
Paving a gravel layer at the bottom of the ditch; placing fillers such as ceramsite, diatomite, iron ore slag, furnace slag and the like in the ditch; and planting plants such as vetiver grass, tall fescue, bermuda grass, bluegrass, ryegrass and the like at the top, the side and the bottom of the ditch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly aims at the prevention and control of the output of the phosphorus-rich area in the mountainous region, and combines soil-rock engineering and bioengineering to design a diversion/infiltration system and a derivation/collection system of the micro-channel, so that pollutants in the catchment area are locally absorbed. The method is suitable for removing surface-source pollutants such as total suspended matters (ss), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and the like in runoff in the phosphorus-rich region of the mountainous region.
The present invention combines the ground surface with common wet land stuffing and biological stuffing according to the local topographic and weather conditions and the bionic principle and the maximum detoxification and purifying organ-kidney principle of organism, and establishes kidney simulating multilayer pollutant eliminating canal system, especially for reducing phosphorus, based on local vegetation.
In the invention, in the section with serious scouring and difficult plant growth, the plant sand dam is built by using the straws of the plants with larger biomass; the filler is placed in the plant growing bag, the contact area is guaranteed, meanwhile, the filler is convenient to place and recycle, the plant combination and the filler combination are matched, and the maximum removal rate of the non-point source pollutant is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical principle is as follows: by analyzing the output condition of nutrient elements in runoff in a phosphorus-rich area, reducing phosphorus in various forms in the runoff in various modes becomes the key for solving the technical problem, reducing the content of silt and granular phosphorus by establishing a sand blocking dam, a grit chamber and a grass filter belt, and realizing the adsorption and absorption of dissolved phosphorus by fillers and plants.
The operation method comprises the following steps: looking up annual rainfall data, analyzing the contents of ss, Total Phosphorus (TP), Dissolved Phosphorus (DP) and Total Nitrogen (TN) in runoff according to hydrometeorology data assay data, and determining the scale of the sand setting-sand filtering system according to the rainfall and the ss content; determining the required amount of the filler and the plant according to the rainfall and the concentration of the related non-point source pollutants; the size of the water collection/drainage channel is designed according to the rainfall, runoff, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow velocity and other hydraulic parameters.
Examples
The project district is a mountain land with east China of seven offices in garlic town on Dian Chi valley Jinningcounty
Purpose-according to conditions such as the weather of project district, topography, through minimum input, realize getting rid of the biggest of surface source pollutant in project district runoff to:
the demonstration area is located in a valley of about 2 kilometers in southeast of the seventh village
The section of the water distribution channel is trapezoidal, the width of an upper opening is 1 meter, the depth of a lower opening is 0.5 meter, and the depth of the water distribution channel is 0.8 meter;
the total length of the water distribution channel is 314 meters, 14 longitudinal channels are arranged, and 13 short channels are transversely connected;
the water taking ditch is internally provided with 2 overflow walls, the thickness of each overflow wall is 0.25 meter, the height of each overflow wall is 0.3 meter, and the height of each overflow wall is 1.5 meters
The project booklet (west side) is provided with a retaining wall with a width of 0.25 m, a length of 26 m and a height of 0.5 m above the ground
The south side of the engineering area is the original mountain road, and the north side is the hill corner line.
1. Plant combination and filler combination selection
Selecting the filler combination as ceramsite-iron slag-carbon slag according to the test on the adsorption performance of the single filler combination;
the analysis result of the plant phosphorus fixation and locking capacity is as follows:
5 indexes such as the content of the leaves P, the root system density, the biomass, the life style, the specific leaf area and the like are adopted for evaluation, perturbation analysis is utilized, and the principle that the system quality is defined from big to small according to the perturbation quantity is selected, 5 optimal plants are listed, wherein the optimal plants are the tall fescue, and the others are chenopodium ambrosioides, alfalfa, eupatorium adenophorum and drynaria fortunei in sequence.
The analysis result of the plant barren environment adaptability and transformation capacity is as follows: the method is characterized in that 6 indexes of N content of leaves, K content of leaves, important values of species under the barren condition, life style, diffusion mode, specific leaf area and the like are adopted for evaluation, and according to the principle that perturbation quantity defines the advantages and disadvantages of a system from small to large, the optimal 5 plants are listed, wherein the optimal plants are chenopodium ambrosioides, and the others are euphorbia pekinensis, eupatorium adenophorum, alfalfa and Alangium platyphylla in sequence.
The analysis result of the plant barren environment adaptability and transformation capacity is as follows: the method is characterized in that 5 indexes of the species in dry seasons, whether underground stems, leaf hair (thorn) forms, plant (herb) root depths, leaf area and the like exist are adopted for evaluation, and the optimal 5 plants are listed according to the principle that the perturbation quantity defines the system advantages and disadvantages from large to small from small, wherein the optimal plants are the single thorn cactus, and the others are the circium japonicum, the verbena, the rumex japonicus and the euphorbia lathyris in sequence.
The phosphorus-fixing and phosphorus-locking capacity, the barren-resistant soil-improving capacity and the drought-resisting capacity of the plants are evaluated based on plant traits by applying perturbation analysis, and the plants with the capacity of being 5 th before each capacity are listed respectively, namely vetiver grass, tall fescue, ryegrass, bluegrass and bermuda grass.
By comparing the runoff water quality purification effects of different plant combinations, the plant combinations are selected from vetiver grass-tall fescue, ryegrass-bluegrass-bermudagrass.
The method is characterized in that straws of invasive species Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng with the largest biomass in a project area are selected as materials of the plant sand blocking dams, a plurality of pot mouth terrains are selected from top to bottom, a plurality of plant sand blocking dams are sequentially built in a step shape, when runoff flows pass, large-particle silt and broken stones are blocked, blocking of a downstream ditch system is prevented, loss of phosphorus and nitrogen in particle states and output of silt can be reduced, the number of the plant sand blocking dams is properly changed according to runoff strength, and the volume and the number of the plant sand blocking dams are increased at positions with high runoff generation strength.
The sediment content in the project area is large, a sediment setting system with strong sediment setting capacity is needed, the sedimentation tank is used as a sediment setting mode which is widely applied, the technology is mature, and the sediment setting system has a good effect of removing the sediment with a certain particle size. One or more rectangular settling ponds are built according to local rainfall and runoff, the length, the width and the height of the settling ponds are preferably set to enable the surface hydraulic load q to be 0.8-3.0, and the settling ponds are arranged at the downstream of the ditches and are communicated with the ditches.
Determining parameters of the grit chamber:
according to the Vaccinium uliginosum overflow formula, at a certain flow rate, when the overflow rate is less than or equal to the particle settling rate, the particles with the particle size will settle, and the area of the grit chamber determines the overflow rate at a certain flow rate, according to the Vaccinium uliginosum overflow rate formula:
OR＝Q/As＝≤ω；
OR-overflow velocity (m/s);
q-flow (m)3/s)；
As-grit chamber area (m)2)；
Omega-settling velocity (m/s);
ω＝gD2*(Ps-1)/18V；
d-the sand setting critical particle size (m);
g-acceleration of gravity (m/s)2)；
V-viscosity coefficient;
ps-specific gravity of silt;
the flow rate was set to 0.099m according to the rainfall analysis of the project area3S; setting the sand setting efficiency of the grit chamber to 70% by comprehensively considering the silt content, economic conditions, project requirements and the like in the runoff; taking the particle size analysis result of the particles in the runoff As a basis, when the required sand settling efficiency is achieved, the critical particle size for removing the silt is 0.05mm, and the formula OR is Q/As is not more than omega; and ω ═ gD2(Ps-1)/18V calculation shows that when the area of the grit chamber reaches 25m2(5m × 5m), the removal efficiency can reach more than 70%.
Designing grass filter belt parameters: aiming at the characteristics of large sediment amount and high content of granular phosphorus in a project area, a grass filter belt is arranged for better removing sediment in runoff. Due to the limitation of the site conditions of the project area, the slope and the width of the grass filter belt can be selectively smaller, the length of the grass filter belt is set to be 30m according to the requirement on the removal effect of the grass filter belt, and the grass filter belt is arranged at the downstream of the phosphorus-rich area.
Determination of parameters related to grass filter band
The efficiency of the grass filter belt is influenced by factors such as flow, slope, grass plant spacing, the Manning roughness coefficient of grass, water passing width and the length of the grass filter belt, the flow and the Manning roughness coefficient of grass can be considered as known factors, and due to the limitation of time conditions such as terrain and the like, the selectivity of the slope, the grass plant spacing and the water passing width is poor, so the length of the grass filter belt is the main factor for determining the efficiency of the grass filter belt.
The critical particle size for removing the grass filter belt was set to 0.06mm according to the requirements of the project and the conditions, and the sedimentation velocity ω was 2.7017 10 according to the sedimentation velocity formula-3m/S, the slope E of the grass filter belt in the project area is 2 percent, and the grass plant spacing S of the grass filter belt is 0.1m3(ii)/s according to Manning's equation:
Df＝(qη)0.6/E0.3＝0.1157(m)
df is radial flow depth (m) of the grass filter belt;
q-radial flow per unit width (m)3/s)；
eta-Manning roughness coefficient;
e-grass band slope (%);
the runoff depth of the actual grass filter belt is designed to be 11cm, and the error tolerance range is included.
Flow velocity in grass filter zone Vs (1/η) Df2/3E1/2＝q/Df＝0.096m/s；
Spacing parameter Rs ═ (S × Df)/(2Df + S) ═ 0.00148 m;
according to the empirical formula studied at kentucky university, the removal parameter X is:
X＝(Vs*Rs/V)0.82*(Lm*ω*Df/Vs)-0.91；
v is kinematic viscosity, generally 10-6；
According to the empirical relationship between the removal parameter X and the silt removal rate, when X is 10, the silt removal rate reaches more than 98%, the engineering requirement can be met, the length of the grass filter belt is about 28.3m, and therefore the length of the grass filter belt is set to be 30 m.
Setting parameters of the trench system: according to rainfall intensity, hydrological parameters of the ditch system are detailed in a table 1, when the system achieves the required removal effect, the retention time of water in the ditch system is more than 20min, according to the rainfall and catchment area of a project area, the adsorption effect of fillers and plants is fully exerted, and the length of the ditchSet at about 310m and a cross-sectional area of 0.44m2。
TABLE 1 hydrological parameters of a ditch System
Therefore, the method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again by imitating the kidney of the catchment area of the slope of the phosphorus-rich area is summarized and comprises the following steps:
step 1, analyzing the contents of ss, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in surface runoff of the phosphorus-rich area through a hydrometeorology test report.
Step 2, determining the amount of required fillers and plants according to the concentrations of ss, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in surface runoff such as rainfall, ss, N, P and the like in the step 1, and arranging the fillers and the plants on the surface of the phosphorus-rich area; and (3) determining the scale of the sand setting-filtering system according to the rainfall and the ss content obtained in the step (1).
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the size of the water collecting/draining channel is designed according to the rainfall, runoff, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow velocity and other hydraulic parameters in the step 1.
According to the further technical scheme, in the step 2, according to the test of the adsorption performance of a single filler combination, the filler combination is selected to be ceramsite-iron slag-carbon slag; by comparing the runoff water quality purification effects of different plant combinations, the plant combinations are selected from vetiver grass-tall fescue, ryegrass-bluegrass-bermudagrass.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that straws of invasive species with large biomass in the phosphorus-rich area are selected as the material of the sand dam in the step 2.
According to a further technical scheme, in the step 2, a plurality of pot mouth terrains are selected from top to bottom in the phosphorus-rich area according to the terrain, and a plurality of sand blocking dams made of plant straws are sequentially built in a step shape.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the number of the plant sand dams is properly changed according to the runoff strength in the step 2, and the volume and the number of the plant sand dams are increased at the position with high runoff generation strength.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the grit chamber is established at the upstream of the phosphorus-rich area in the step 2, one or more rectangular sedimentation tanks are established according to the local rainfall and the surface runoff, and the size of the length, the width and the height of the sedimentation tanks is such that the surface hydraulic load q is in the range of 0.8-3.0.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the grass filter zone is positioned in the middle and the lower reaches of the phosphorus-rich area, in detail, the water distribution ditch spacing zone in figure 1 is used for planting herbaceous and woody plants.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the design position of the drainage ditch is the upstream of the sedimentation tank and is connected with the sedimentation tank.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again by simulating kidney in a phosphorus-rich region slope catchment area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, analyzing the contents of total suspended matters, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in surface runoff of a phosphorus-rich area through a hydrometeorology test report;
step 2, determining the amount of required fillers and plants according to the rainfall in the step 1, the concentration of total suspended matters, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in related surface runoff, and arranging the fillers and the plants on the surface of a phosphorus-rich area;
comprising selecting a filler combination according to an adsorption performance test on a single filler combination; selecting plant combinations by comparing the runoff water quality purification effects under different plant combinations;
step 3, determining the scale of the sand setting-filtering system according to the rainfall and the total suspended matter content obtained in the step 1;
comprises selecting straws of invasive species with large biomass in a phosphorus-rich area as materials of the sand blocking dam,
selecting a plurality of pot mouth terrains from top to bottom in the phosphorus-rich area according to the terrain, and sequentially establishing a plurality of sand blocking dams made of plant straws in a step shape, wherein the sand blocking dams are arranged at the downstream of the phosphorus-rich area;
the number of the plant sand dams is properly changed according to the runoff strength, and the volume and the number of the plant sand dams are increased at the position with high runoff generation strength;
arranging a grass filter belt at the downstream of the phosphorus-rich area and the upstream of the sand blocking dam, wherein the grass filter belt is determined according to the following relevant parameters:
setting the removal critical grain size of the grass filter belt according to design requirements and site conditions, solving the sedimentation velocity omega, the slope E of the grass filter belt in a phosphorus-rich area, the grass plant spacing S of the grass filter belt and a Manning formula according to a sedimentation velocity formula, and solving the length of the grass filter belt according to the empirical relationship between a removal parameter X and the sediment removal rate;
the formula of Manning is:
Df＝(qη)0.6/E0.3(m)
df is radial flow depth (m) of the grass filter belt;
q-radial flow per unit width (m)3/s)；
eta-Manning roughness coefficient;
e-grass band slope (%);
according to the actual runoff depth of the grass filter belt,
flow velocity in grass filter zone Vs (1/η) Df2/3E1/2＝q/Df(m/s)；
The spacing parameter Rs ═ (S × Df)/(2Df + S) (m);
according to the empirical formula, the removal parameter X is:
X＝(Vs*Rs/V)0.82*(Lm*ω*Df/Vs)-0.91；
v is kinematic viscosity;
the grit chamber is positioned at the upstream of the phosphorus-rich area and is determined according to the following parameters:
one or more rectangular sedimentation tanks are built according to the local rainfall and the surface runoff, and the length, the width and the height of the sedimentation tanks are such that the surface hydraulic load q meets the requirements;
according to the Vaccinium uliginosum overflow formula, at a certain flow rate, when the overflow rate is less than or equal to the particle settling rate, the particles with the particle size will settle, and the area of the grit chamber determines the overflow rate at a certain flow rate;
determining the flow rate according to rainfall analysis of the phosphorus-rich area; setting the sand setting efficiency of the grit chamber by comprehensively considering the silt content in the runoff, economic conditions and project requirements; based on the grain size analysis result of the particles in the runoff, the critical grain size of the silt removed when the required sand setting efficiency is achieved is obtained according to the formula OR of the bog overflow speed, wherein Q/As is less than OR equal to omega, and omega is gD2Calculating the area of the grit chamber by (Ps-1)/18V;
bog overflow rate formula:
OR＝Q/As≤ω；
OR-overflow velocity (m/s);
q-flow (m)3/s)；
As-grit chamber area (m)2)；
Omega-settling velocity (m/s);
ω＝gD2*(Ps-1)/18V；
d-the sand setting critical particle size (m);
g-acceleration of gravity (m/s)2)；
V-viscosity coefficient;
ps-specific gravity of silt;
step 4, designing the size of the water collection/drainage ditch according to the rainfall, runoff, hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow and flow velocity hydraulic parameters in the step 1;
the water collecting/draining ditch is arranged at the upper stream of the grit chamber and is connected with the grit chamber;
the design of the water collection/drainage channel ensures that the retention time of water in the channel system needs more than 20min, the parameters of the grit chamber and the relevant parameters of the grass filter belt are determined by combining a Vaccinium uliginosum overflow speed formula according to the rainfall and catchment area of a phosphorus-rich area and considering the full play of the adsorption effect of plants, and further the length and the sectional area of the water collection/drainage channel are obtained.
2. The method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again by simulating the kidney in a phosphorus-rich region slope catchment area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the filler combination is ceramsite-iron slag-carbon slag; the plant composition is selected from Cymbopogon citratus root-tall fescue, Lolium perenne-blue grass-bermudagrass.
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| NL2024991A NL2024991B1 (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2020-02-25 | Method for collecting and further reducing phosphorus by kidney-inspiration in slope catchment area of phosphorus-rich area |
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| ITMI20020759A1 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-09 | Tirsi S R L | COMPOSITIONS FOR THE BIORISANATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED BY HYDROCARBONS AND / OR SOLVENTS AND / OR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
| US6833085B2 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-12-21 | Kiyoharu Hamasaki | Agent for restricting elution of phosphorus, method for producing the same, and method of restricting elution of phosphorus in sludge |
| CN102084770B (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-11-21 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | Agricultural field system for reducing runoff pollution and construction method and application thereof |
| CN102172609B (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Ecological remediation technique for use in contamination control of phosphorite waste land |
| CN102966083A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Ecological ditch constructing method for controlling nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage |
| CN103190268A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-07-10 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Facility agricultural non-point source pollutant on-site intercepting and absorptive method |
| CN104452705B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-08-24 | 山东建筑大学 | A kind of terrace-type sloping upland multifunctional ecological sewerage cutting down nitrogen and phosphorus load |
| CN105776736B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-07-06 | 江西省环境保护科学研究院 | A kind of method of Hills And Low Mountains Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution |
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| CN105923783B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | A kind of land disposal method and system of high-efficient denitrification and dephosphorization |
| CN106698811A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-24 | 四川君和环保股份有限公司 | Surface runoff pollutant treatment system for small-catchment farmland |
| CN206289052U (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-06-30 | 四川君和环保股份有限公司 | Process the improved surface artificial wetland of agricultural surface runoff pollutant |
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