CN103508616B - Based on the non-point source pollution control technique of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations - Google Patents
Based on the non-point source pollution control technique of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations Download PDFInfo
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- CN103508616B CN103508616B CN201210210495.1A CN201210210495A CN103508616B CN 103508616 B CN103508616 B CN 103508616B CN 201210210495 A CN201210210495 A CN 201210210495A CN 103508616 B CN103508616 B CN 103508616B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
Abstract
Does is the present invention relates to field of surface source pollution control technology, specifically that rural area and agricultural area source pollutants can make it reach " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB by one after point-line-face stereo technology configuration and art breading? 18918-2002) the new technology of combined of one-level B standard requirement.For rural area and agricultural area source space-time unique wide, uncertain large, composition, process are more complicated, unmanageable feature, and the source-stream-remittance process of nitrogen and phosphorus loss is set out, consider study area landform simultaneously, morphologic characteristics, along pollutants transfer approach, arranges based on point, line successively, the denitrogenation dephosphorization combination process flow process in face and gordian technique, is characterized in that comprising (1) point-type configuration (front damming process) technology; (2) line style configuration (ecological intercepting based on waterpower general layout is optimized) technology; (3) face type configuration (dark pool anaerobism, the shallow pool expose to the sun oxygen combination) technology, realizes the target of beautifying peasant household residential quarter and farming region view while cutting down pollution load.
Description
Technical field
This patent relates to agricultural non-point pollution processing technology field, is specifically that rural area and agricultural area source pollutants can make it reach the novel process of " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard requirement by one after point-line-face stereoscopic configurations combination technique process.
Background technology
Along with the development of economic society, rural environment situation is comparatively severe, and Rural Plane Source Pollution becomes one of primary pollution source affecting quality of water environment; Rural area and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area have also become affects the very important important factor of water quality.The research and practice that China controls for pollution of area source is relatively external comparatively delayed, and macro-progress is slow, but still achieves comparatively gratifying achievement in recent years.In research process in the past, develop the multinomial pollution of area source with independent intellectual property right control new technology, in solid waste from village harmless treatment, precision balance fertilizing, domestic sewage of villages and small towns process and basin pollution of area source control simulation etc., achieve breakthrough, take the lead in proposing basin pollution of area source in the whole nation and control management integrated system.The river network pollution of area source of exploitation controls complete set technology and studies for river network pollution of area source, by biological and ecologic assemblage technical finesse domestic sewage in rural areas, front damming, network of waterways restoration of the ecosystem, the research of estuary pollution control techniques and engineering mimoir, propose the system solution that river network pollution of area source controls, and set up representative demonstration project.The every technology formed in research and overall technical architecture possess technical and economic feasibility, for China's pollution of area source controls to provide technical support and template model.But in general, China still also exists huge challenge at Rural Plane Source Pollution management aspect.The Rural Plane Source Pollution of current China controls still substantially to be in research and planning stage, and some pilots in limited range mainly lay particular emphasis on the origin cause of formation from the angle analysis pollution of area source of engineering and implement corresponding resolution.For rural non-point source pollution feature, the treatment process adopted at present mainly contains and utilizes point-source pollution control techniques to control.Due to non-point pollution point be difficult to judge, amount of contamination is difficult to determine, there is essence between disposal of pollutants main body and point-source pollution distinguishes and namely discharge main body from there being colony (even may as ten hundreds of nature persons) of changing dispersion into of the legal person of scale, tissue or group etc., result is that point-source pollution control techniques cannot adapt to new non-point pollution feature, thus cannot play its effect.Old rural area is disorderly built, huddle put, the situation of disorderly toppling over is relatively more serious, only relies on old country sewage pipe network improving pattern to be effectively to improve rural area " dirty, unrest, difference " phenomenon; Simultaneously old country sewage pipe network improving construction cost is very high, there is dispersion utilize, cannot under the situation of focus utilization, cause it to apply for country at present to rural area transformation funds.Agricultural non-point pollution such as loss of chemical fertilizer pollution, pesticidal contamination, Animal Husbandry Pollution etc. are its chief components, are that non-point source range of influence is polluted the most widely.And dispersion is often compared in the agriculture production of China, be easy to concentrate discharge management unlike point-source pollution, therefore be exactly how to control source concerning sixty-four dollar question agricultural non-point source, how to utilize the sewage disposal technology of efficient, low input, Pollutant levels are controlled within the scope that can allow at environment.Effective improvement widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, is not only an engineering technology problem, more has the research topic of system and mechanism aspect.Along with the development of agriculture production and the change of life in the countryside mode, about the research of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area will be also long-term, dynamic.From now on, China will need badly and will strengthen rural environment regulation Research intensity and rural household biogas input in science and technology, strengthen rural household biogas educational propaganda, start with from the many-side such as technology and management, for Rural Plane Source Pollution controls to provide safeguard.In China's city surface source pollution control, current water environment management mainly concentrates on and solves flood control, supplies water and the demand of view, and the demand still resting on low level solves and the emergency processing of cosmetic issue.In overall city planning, the regional Ecological design of city water cycle need be considered, and the combination of water cycle and all kinds of Ecosystem Service, the Eco-Design carry out rainwater and runoff and ecomanagement, control city surface source pollution, found ecocity.
This patent finds application in the problem 2 " water pollution control and water quality protection technical research and demonstration " of Eleventh Five-Year Plan national science and technology supporting plan project " Poyang Lake ecological protection and the utilization of resources are studied "; by the operation of continuous a year, result show this technique for rural area and agricultural area source pollutants removal effect obvious.
Summary of the invention
1, goal of the invention
Namely the present invention is for rural area and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area distinct issues, proposes " point (front damming process) line (the ecological intercepting technology based on waterpower general layout is optimized) simultaneously (dark pool anaerobism, the shallow pool expose to the sun oxygen) " stereoscopic configurations combination process.The water outlet after this art breading of rural area and agriculture production waste water can reach " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.
2, technical solution
Combination process pattern that this patent have employed " point (front damming process)-line (the ecological intercepting technology based on waterpower general layout is optimized) simultaneously (dark pool anaerobism, the shallow pool expose to the sun oxygen) ".The solution of gordian technique is:
(1) point (front damming process) technology: on the basis that study area source of pollution are resolved, by collecting the canalization of domestic sewage in rural areas and livestock breeding wastewater, enter flower bed type soil filtration pond respectively and methane-generating pit carries out recycling, water outlet carries out front damming treatment zone again after pipeline water conservancy diversion, and one waterwall is set at front damming treatment zone feed-water end, it is stacked the cobble grid varied in size.The dam that intercepts water is set on original river course simultaneously, require to make the height of dam that intercepts water on river course in waterwall according to water level, make river from flowing through the waterwall being furnished with cobble grid, first remove the settling tank of person who lives in exile front end after the floating solid of larger particles, be furnished with the storage pond of nature mountain stone view in settling tank, sewage is through circulation precipitation, laggard people Farmland of regulating and storing.
(2) line (ecological intercepting based on waterpower general layout is optimized) technology: for realizing cutting down with directed the ecological intercepting of farmland land-sourced pollutant, situation is covered according to terrain feature and field-crop, ecological canal and ecological revetment type is arranged along the defeated approach that moves of runoff, set up the circulating water flow system of vegetable garden+rice terrace and vegetable garden+culture pond+rice terrace, build Multiple Combination ecology and cut dirty unit, increase water body in the land-based area residence time, improve nutrient cycling and utilization rate to carry out farmland land-sourced pollutant ecological intercepting and abatement.
(3) face (dark pool anaerobism, the shallow pool expose to the sun oxygen combination) technology: the meadow in kind of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and BMPs, lake (river) bank buffer strip, heavy rain impoundment dedicated are introduced wherein, form many pools one wetland coupled system Ecological Disposal pattern that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is dissolved, the dark pool of anaerobism is generally at about 3.5 meters or darker.The organism (rate of load condensate) of per unit water surface acceptance every day affects by various places year-round average temperature and changes greatly.The aeration oxidation pond of surface aerator is set after entering shallow pool system, dark about 4 meters or darker of pond.The variation range of rate of load condensate and residence time is very broad, affects by temperature and aeration.When Quan Tang pond water aerobic, its rate of load condensate can be high, and residence time can shorten.Process follow-up water and enter facultative lagoon Wetlands ecosystems again, then flow out processing unit.
3, technique effect
This patent compared with prior art, has the following advantages and high-lighting effect:
(1) source-stream-remittance process that pollutent produces from rural area and agricultural production process, at point (source region identifies and abatement), line (loaning that small watershed pollution of area source controls, irrigation canals and ditches) and face (interlocking area, land and water, many pools system) carry out pollutent ecology dissolve control techniques space multistory configuration, both effectively processed pollution of area source, there is again good suitability.
(2) the pollution of area source Controlling System of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations can adapt to source, face, rural area unstable, and run-off and Pollutant levels are the feature of fluctuation with hydrologic condition change;
(3) the pollution of area source Controlling System of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations is to the clearance of each pollutent COD, TP, TN, NH4-N, NO3-N and NO2-N all more than 50%, has exceeded 80% to the clearance of part pollutent NO2-N;
Table 1 is based on the non-point source pollution control technique each processing unit pollutant removal (%) of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations
(4) point-line-face stereoscopic configurations pollution of area source Controlling System system water inlet in TN and TP be seasonal fluctuation, but aqueous concentration still keeps relative stability, substantially respectively lower than 0.80mg/L and 0.05mg/L, show that this artificial wet land system has certain capacity of resisting impact load.
(5) the pollution of area source Controlling System of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations has less investment, profitable, anti-source load impact is strong, operational management simple, the one-time investment construction cost of technology is relatively low; Working cost is also low, and in abatement lakeside, Rural Plane Source Pollution load enters on lake, has good application prospect.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing and accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is based on the pollution of area source Controlling Technology schema of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations
Embodiment
(1) carry out source of pollution parsing and recycling from point: the 1. control of domestic sewage in rural areas: change the mode that former washes arbitrarily discharges, build flower bed type soil filtration pond, carry out sanitary sewage recycle.2. again sanitary sewage and Pig raising wastewater are converted to biogas and fertilizer, pool volume is by every population 1 ~ 2m
3design, by " rural household hydraulic type biomass pool standard collective drawings " (GB/T4750-2002) construction.Carry out lavatory transformation, ight soil directly enters in methane-generating pit and ferments simultaneously, and obtain biogas as domestic gas, natural pond liquid can be used for the fertilizer of field-crop on the other hand.3. prepositive library system utilizes the local natural clear water pool, by natural irrigation canals and ditches, spring on mountain is caused the clear water pool, and make villager concentrate laundry, wash dish, washes concentrates on easier collection and treatment in the pool.But it is different from again common pool, current rural area (major part is stagnant water), is connected with bottom treatment system.
(2) pollutent ecological intercepting and reduction is carried out from line: 1. intercropping, interplanting and mixed seeding are carried out to Farmland; Improvement rotation system and learotation system; Minimal till, no-tillage, conservation technology such as harvesting toothing etc. has water conservation, reduces the effect such as fertilizer loss, increases in grain production and can effectively reduce N, P and silt pollution.2. dirt (transporting) is cut: cover situation according to terrain feature and field-crop, ecological canal and ecological revetment type is arranged along the defeated approach that moves of runoff, set up the circulating water flow system of vegetable garden+rice terrace and vegetable garden+culture pond+rice terrace, build Multiple Combination ecology and cut dirty unit, increase water body in the land-based area residence time, improve nutrient cycling and utilization rate to carry out farmland land-sourced pollutant ecological intercepting and abatement, the ecosystem formed natural or day after tomorrow has been there is in these irrigation canals and ditches, not only can transporting but also the pollutent that can retain in waste water.
(3) pollutant removal is carried out from face and ecology is dissolved, the more economy of research and development rural area source, face sewage disposal, environmental protection, treatment technology attractive in appearance and purification process.1. plant buffer strip, sets up dissimilar plant buffering and recovers template band, recover buffer zone view and ecosystem service function, increase muskeg fraction of coverage, improve species diversity, strengthen productivity and the self―sustaining ability of the ecosystem.2. " the deep water fish pond-shallow water pool-facultative lagoon " art breading rainwash, the water of fish pond after most area is all introduce purification, and pollutent, as a part for Waste Water Treatment, is become the foodstuff of fish by fish pond herein, changing waste into resources the most at last.3. " field irrigation canals and ditches-fish pond-artificial swamp-facultative lagoon " combination process process agriculture production waste water, forms many pools one wetland coupled system Ecological Disposal pattern that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is dissolved.Water on the one hand after process enters Irrigation Ditch, again as irrigation water.On the other hand, plant the cash crop such as reed, calamus, Chinese celery, arrowhead, wild rice stem in the shallow water pool, the ecology realizing pollutent is dissolved process.4. run: biological pond can be planted aquatic crops (as water lettuce, water caltrop, lotus rhizome etc.) or be cultivated fish, duck.This, by promoting the natural circulation of material, contributes to the process of waste water, and can compensate some processing costss.Biological pond water outlet can be used for field irrigation, and because having certain pondage capacity, biological pond is often by being adopted.Good biological pond water outlet also directly can discharge natural water body, should coordinate the hydrologic condition of water body the opportunity of discharge, utilizes field irrigation canals and ditches not only can transporting but also the pollutent that can retain in waste water, improves overall treatment effect.Fish pond is no longer the water after passive acceptance purification, but becomes a part for purification repair system, pollutent is become the foodstuff of fish; Many pools treatment system is no longer the part as just wastewater treatment, but by planting economic crops changing waste into resources.
Claims (1)
1., based on the non-point source pollution control method of point-line-face stereoscopic configurations, it is characterized in that,
(1) source of pollution parsing and recycling is carried out from point:
1. the control of domestic sewage in rural areas: change the mode that former washes arbitrarily discharges, builds flower bed type soil filtration pond, carries out sanitary sewage recycle; 2. again sanitary sewage and Pig raising wastewater are converted to biogas and fertilizer, pool volume is by every population 1 ~ 2m
3design, by " rural household hydraulic type biomass pool standard collective drawings ", GB/T4750-2002 constructs; Carry out lavatory transformation, ight soil directly enters in methane-generating pit and ferments simultaneously, and obtain biogas as domestic gas, natural pond liquid can be used for the fertilizer of field-crop on the other hand; 3. prepositive library system utilizes the local natural clear water pool, by natural irrigation canals and ditches, spring on mountain is caused the clear water pool, and make villager concentrate laundry, wash dish, washes concentrates on easier collection and treatment in the pool; But it is different from again common pool, current rural area, is connected with bottom treatment system;
(2) pollutent ecological intercepting and reduction is carried out from line:
1. intercropping, interplanting and mixed seeding are carried out to Farmland; Improvement rotation system and learotation system; Minimal till, no-tillage, harvesting toothing conservation technology has water conservation, reduces fertilizer loss, increases in grain production effect can effectively reduce N, P and silt pollution; 2. dirty transporting is cut: cover situation according to terrain feature and field-crop, ecological canal and ecological revetment type is arranged along the defeated approach that moves of runoff, set up the circulating water flow system of vegetable garden+rice terrace and vegetable garden+culture pond+rice terrace, build Multiple Combination ecology and cut dirty unit, increase water body in the land-based area residence time, improve nutrient cycling and utilization rate to carry out farmland land-sourced pollutant ecological intercepting and abatement, the ecosystem formed natural or day after tomorrow has been there is in these irrigation canals and ditches, not only can transporting but also the pollutent that can retain in waste water;
(3) pollutant removal is carried out from face and ecology is dissolved, the more economy of research and development rural area source, face sewage disposal, environmental protection, treatment technology attractive in appearance and purification process;
1. plant buffer strip, sets up dissimilar plant buffering and recovers template band, recover buffer zone view and ecosystem service function, increase muskeg fraction of coverage, improve species diversity, strengthen productivity and the self―sustaining ability of the ecosystem; 2. " the deep water fish pond-shallow pool-facultative lagoon " art breading rainwash, the water of fish pond after most area is all introduce purification, and pollutent, as a part for Waste Water Treatment, is become the foodstuff of fish by fish pond herein, changing waste into resources the most at last; 3. " irrigation canals and ditches-fish pond, the field-shallow pool-facultative lagoon " combination process process agriculture production waste water, forms many pools-wetland coupled system Ecological Disposal pattern that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is dissolved; Water on the one hand after process enters Irrigation Ditch, again as irrigation water; On the other hand, plant reed, calamus, Chinese celery, arrowhead, wild rice stem cash crop in the shallow pool, the ecology realizing pollutent is dissolved process; 4. run: biological pond can be planted aquatic crops or be cultivated fish, duck; This, by promoting the natural circulation of material, contributes to the process of waste water, and can compensate some processing costss; Biological pond water outlet can be used for field irrigation, and because having certain pondage capacity, biological pond is often by being adopted; Good biological pond water outlet also directly can discharge natural water body, should coordinate the hydrologic condition of water body the opportunity of discharge, utilizes field irrigation canals and ditches not only can transporting but also the pollutent that can retain in waste water, improves overall treatment effect; Fish pond is no longer the water after passive acceptance purification, but becomes a part for purification repair system, pollutent is become the foodstuff of fish; Many pools treatment system is no longer the part as just wastewater treatment, but by planting economic crops changing waste into resources.
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| CN108412013A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-08-17 | 武汉武大绿洲生物技术有限公司 | The three discrete disintegrating system in waste pipe of saving water and energy of pipe |
| CN109160611B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2024-01-30 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Multistage ecological pond system suitable for mountain area small-river basin non-point source pollution collection treatment |
| CN109607796A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-12 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of method of non-point pollution ecology prevention and control |
| CN111248041A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-09 | 句容市后白镇杜氏家庭农场 | Organic rice planting method for efficiently preventing and treating insect pests |
| CN113133386B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-08-23 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Method for purifying biogas slurry by interplanting cane shoots and cress |
| CN114314842B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-05-31 | 安徽新宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control method applied to polder area |
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