CN115104472A

CN115104472A - Efficient forest and grass restoration method for purple sand shale erosion area

Info

Publication number: CN115104472A
Application number: CN202210501157.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵庆; 许东先; 唐洪辉
Original assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Guangdong Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2022-05-09
Filing date: 2022-05-09
Publication date: 2022-09-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently repairing forest and grass in a purple sand shale erosion area. Digging holes or building containers on the slope of a purple sand shale erosion area, enclosing 1/2-2/3 at the downhill position by using a root blocking plate, piling soil, applying base fertilizer and adding a water-retaining agent into each hole or container, uniformly mixing the fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and hole soil when applying, placing the mixture into the holes, planting seedlings in early spring and rainy season, and returning the soil. Compared with the traditional cofferdam mode of fully surrounding by the root blocking plate, the method for treating the piled soil after enclosing 1/2-2/3 on the downhill position of the root blocking plate can improve the water storage capacity, obviously improve the capability of utilizing natural water, improve the survival rate of the nursery stock and reduce the repair cost.

Description

Efficient forest and grass restoration method for purple sand shale erosion area

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forest and grass ecological restoration, in particular to a method for efficiently restoring forest and grass in a purple sand shale erosion area.

Background

Purple sand shale is a sedimentary rock which is crisp in lithology, extremely easy to absorb heat and extremely poor in hygroscopicity, and belongs to a half-weathered substance of newly-generated third-class purple shale laminated sandstone. The purple sand shale erosion area is a soil erosion area which is distributed in subtropical regions of China and has large runoff erosion, a bare mother rock without a soil layer or a thin soil layer, high ground temperature, drought, water shortage and difficult plant growth, and the erosion area is red and commonly called as 'red sand ridge'.

In modern society, a great amount of vegetation damage, soil erosion and erosion, water and soil loss, soil desertification, soil salinization and matrix bare are caused by artificial activities such as highway construction, railway construction, quarrying mining, excessive farming and grazing, so that the ecological environment is deteriorated, and the concept of ecological civilization construction is violated. Therefore, a large number of scholars propose corresponding ecological restoration technologies for various soil erosion areas, such as highway slope restoration, quarry restoration, mine site restoration and the like, but the restoration method is not suitable for ecological restoration of purple sand shale due to the fact that purple sand shale is easy to weather and crack and large in runoff erosion. The methods for ecological restoration of purple sand shale mentioned in a few papers are only descriptive methods and have no relevant quantitative specific data requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently repairing forest and grass in a purple sand shale erosion area.

The method for efficiently restoring the forest and grass in the purple sand shale erosion area comprises the steps of digging holes or building containers on a slope of the purple sand shale erosion area, enclosing 1/2-2/3 by using a root blocking plate at a downhill position, piling soil, applying base fertilizer to each hole or container, adding a water-retaining agent, uniformly mixing the fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and hole soil when applying the base fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and the hole soil, placing the mixture into the holes, planting seedlings in early spring and rainy season, and returning the soil.

Preferably, the sapling is arbor, which is selected from wet pine, pinus massoniana, crape myrtle, schima superba, sabina japonica, mallotus, gynura bicolor, gynura divaricata, pinus dolichiana, acacia senna, negundo linza, negundo chastetree, santal rosewood, sweetgum, castanopsis chinensis, ulmus wallichiana, ilex rotundifolia, evodia rutaecarpa, zanthoxylum bungeanum or melia azedarach or more than 2; or the sapling is shrub, which is oak, myrtle, hypericum, glochidion lanceolaris, wilfordii, cherokee rose fruit, spiraea sinensis, small stonecrop, raspberry, small rosa multiflora, faecio crenata, beautiful lespedeza branch, loropetalum chinensis, starwort, sweetgum fruit, evergreen longipedunculata, red scallion, red pepper, zanthoxylum piperitum, rhus chinensis, drumstick tree, kadsura root, white sandalwood, oleander, serissa serissoides, gardenia, sticky rice, viburnum, vitex or firewood beancurd or more than 2.

When the soil layer is less than 50cm in thickness and less than 50cm in depth, the holes are dug after 1/2-2/3 on the downslope side by using the root blocking plate, or when the soil layer is shrub, the holes are dug after 1/2-2/3 on the downslope side by using the root blocking plate, when the soil layer is less than 30cm in thickness and less than 30cm in depth, the holes are dug, the soil layer is piled after being enclosed by 1/2-2/3 on the downslope side by using the root blocking plate, or the holes are dug after the soil layer is piled as shrub, the holes are dug after being enclosed by the root blocking plate, wherein the hole is 50cm by using the root blocking plate, and the depth is less than 30 cm.

The building container is 50cm multiplied by 50cm when being a tree or 50cm multiplied by 30cm when being a shrub, and is subjected to earth piling treatment after being enclosed in a downslope by 1/2-2/3 by a root blocking plate.

When the specification is 50cm multiplied by 50cm, the step of applying the base fertilizer and adding the water-retaining agent in each hole or container is to apply 2.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer in each hole or container as the base fertilizer and add 30 g/hole or container of the water-retaining agent, when the base fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and hole soil are applied, the mixture is uniformly placed in the hole, and the return soil thickness is not less than 50 cm; or when the specification is 50cm multiplied by 30cm, the base fertilizer is applied to each hole or container, the water-retaining agent is added, 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each hole or container to serve as the base fertilizer, 20g of water-retaining agent is added to each hole or container, the fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and hole soil are uniformly mixed and placed into the holes when the base fertilizer is applied, and the soil returning thickness is not less than 30 cm.

When the tree seedlings are arbors, the tree seedlings are annual container seedlings, the height of the seedlings is 40-60 cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm, the root systems are complete, the seedlings grow vigorously, and are high-quality seedlings with the disease and insect damage free grade II or above, the seedlings are planted in early spring and rainy season, the seedlings need to be righted, the root systems need to be spread, the seedlings are deeply planted properly, the soil needs to be returned to be thin, the seedlings are slightly lifted after the soil is returned to be tightly pressed, and finally the soil is earthed to form fish scale-shaped pits with high peripheries and low middles or low slopes; when the shrub is used, the annual container seedling is required to be high-quality seedling with the height of 30-50 cm, the crown width of more than 30cm, complete root system, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests and above grade II.

The method for efficiently repairing forest and grass in the purple sand shale erosion area specifically comprises the following steps of aiming at bare rock and thin soil layer types, grassland types, shrub grass types, sparse arbor shrub grass types and arbor shrub grass types:

A. bare rock and thin soil layer type remediation

(1) A gentle slope section with the gradient less than 5 percent, backfilling additional soil with the thickness of more than 10cm from top to bottom, leveling, compacting, and adding a certain amount of slow release fertilizer of 0.5kg/m ² And 30g/m of water-retaining agent ^2， Turf is laid and is combined grass kind to spread, chooses for use a dress turf to lay, according to a dress turf and the good bare soil area 1 of level and smooth: 3, horizontally paving the surrounding mountains, uniformly sowing 2-3 grass seeds in the gaps of the bare soil part in a mixed mode, keeping the soil moist, covering non-woven fabrics, and fixing the grass seeds by U-shaped buckles to reduce rain wash;

(2) a section with the gradient of 5-10 percent is horizontally and orderly built with earth-retaining sandbags at intervals of 5-8 m from top to bottom, foreign soil with the thickness of more than 10cm is backfilled, leveled and compacted, and a slow release fertilizer of 0.5kg/m is added ² And 30g/m of water-retaining agent ² The turf is laid and is combined grass kind scattering, chooses for use the piece dress turf to lay, according to piece dress turf and the good bare soil area of leveling 1: 3, horizontally paving the surrounding mountains, uniformly sowing 2-3 grass seeds in the gaps of the bare soil part in a mixed mode, keeping the soil moist, covering non-woven fabrics, and fixing the grass seeds by U-shaped buckles to reduce rain wash;

(3) building a section with the gradient more than or equal to 10 percent, building containers with the internal empty volume of not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm by using materials such as soil retaining sandbags and the like, enclosing the downhill position by 1/2-2/3 by using a root retaining plate, piling soil, applying 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, adding 30 g/container of water-retaining agent, uniformly mixing the fertilizer with hole soil when applying the fertilizer, placing the hole soil in the hole, planting vines in the building containers for restoration, and manually planting the containers with the number of 500/hm ² 1000 per hm ² Adopting annual container seedlings, requiring vine length 1.5-2.0 m, complete root system, vigorous growth and no disease and insect pest over II-grade high-quality seedlings, planting 5-10 clusters of climbing plants in each built container, and over 2 roots in each cluster, and planting the climbing plants on bare rockManufacturing a simple rattan climbing frame on the surface, and fixedly paving a shading net with shading degree of 50%;

B. lawn type rehabilitation

Digging holes to plant shrubs as a main part and arbors as an auxiliary part; the land with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 50cm can be directly dug to plant the arbor; the method comprises the following steps of (1) directly digging holes to plant shrubs in a land block with a soil layer thickness of 30-50 cm, or enclosing 1/2-2/3 on a downhill position on one side of a hillside by using a root blocking plate, piling soil until the soil layer thickness is more than or equal to 50cm, and then planting trees;

planting shrubs, digging holes with the specification of 50cm multiplied by 30cm, piling soil after the holes are deep to mother rocks and are enclosed in a downhill position by 1/2-2/3 by using a root blocking plate with the depth of less than 30cm, applying 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and adding 20g of water-retaining agent into each hole, uniformly mixing the fertilizer with the holes and soil when applying the fertilizer, placing the mixture into the holes, wherein the return soil thickness is not less than 30cm, adopting annual container seedlings, requiring the seedlings to be 30 cm-50 cm high, more than 30cm in crown width, complete in root systems, vigorous in growth and high-quality seedlings of more than II grade without diseases and insect pests;

digging holes of 50cm multiplied by 50cm for planting trees, applying 2.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and adding 30 g/hole of water-retaining agent to each hole, uniformly mixing the fertilizer and hole soil when applying the fertilizer, putting the mixture into the holes, and planting high-quality seedlings with the thickness of returned soil not less than 50cm by adopting annual container seedlings, wherein the seedlings are required to be 40cm to 60cm high, the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm, the root system is complete, the seedlings grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests, and the high-quality seedlings with the grade II or more are planted in early spring and rainy season. Strengthening seedlings, stretching root systems, properly deeply planting, slightly returning soil, slightly lifting the seedlings after returning soil, then properly compacting, and finally banking up into fish scale-shaped pits with high peripheries and low middles or forming high slopes and low slopes; if the soil layer thickness is less than 30cm, maintaining the original herbaceous plants; the number of the tree species formed by each forest land class after repair is preferably more than 5;

C. shrub type repair

Digging holes to plant trees as a main part and shrubs as an auxiliary part, respectively planting trees or shrubs or maintaining grasslands according to different soil layer thicknesses in the step B, and forming more than 5 kinds of trees in each small class of the restored forest lands;

D. arbor and shrub type repair

And C, digging holes to plant the trees as a main part, respectively planting the trees according to different soil layer thicknesses by referring to the B, and forming more than 5 kinds of trees for each small class of the restored forest land.

The arbor can be wet pine, Pinus massoniana, Lagerstroemia indica, Schizophylla, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Mallotus japonicus, Mallotus apelta, Sophora tonkinensis, Acacia arguta, Acacia Leucas, Ningdou, Cercis flavicans, Dalbergia odorifera, Liquidambar formosana, mangnolia officinalis, elm, ilex pedunculata, Evodia rutaecarpa, Zanthoxylum bungeanum or Melia azedarach or more than 2.

The shrub can be Xylosmae Japonici, fructus Rhodomyrti, fructus seu radix glorybowskii, ramulus seu folium Alstoniae Scholaris, fructus Rosae Laevigatae, flos Spiraeae Fortunei, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, fructus Rubi Corchorifolii Immaturus, folium Loropetali, caulis et folium Papaveris, cortex Daphne Giraldii Nitsche, herba seu radix Parabarii Virgesii, fructus seu radix Althaeae Japonicae, fructus Zanthoxyli Planispini, Rhus chinensis, lignum Pileae Verniciae, fructus seu radix seu folium Nerii, Serissae Japonicae, Oryza Glutinosa, caulis Viburnetiae, herba Viticis Cannabifoliae or caulis Entadae Premnae or more than 2 kinds of them.

The herbs are folium Artemisiae Argyi, radix Asteris, herba Siphonostegiae, herba Caryopteridis Incanae, herba Cynodonti, herba Pteridis Multifidae, herba Pogostemonis, herba Cymbopogonis Citrari or Taiwan grass or more than 2 kinds thereof.

The liana is herba Clematidis Intricatae, fructus quisqualis, Pueraria lobata, cortex Alangii Radicis, Bromus crenata, caulis Seu folium Ampelopsis Brevipedunculatae, radix Ampelopsis, radix Mussaendae, flos Lonicerae or Wedelia chinensis or more than 2 kinds thereof.

Compared with the traditional cofferdam mode of fully surrounding by the root blocking plate, the method for treating the piled soil after enclosing 1/2-2/3 on the downhill position of the root blocking plate can improve the water storage capacity, obviously improve the capability of utilizing natural water, improve the survival rate of the nursery stock and reduce the repair cost.

The invention also designs a corresponding forest and grass ecological restoration method aiming at the current situation of erosion of different purple sand shales. The method comprises bare rock and thin soil layer type repairing, grassland type repairing, shrub and grass type repairing, arbor and shrub and grass type repairing and arbor and shrub and grass type repairing. The method can quickly repair the purple sand shale erosion area by selecting a corresponding method according to different site conditions, so that the earth surface coverage of the purple sand shale erosion area is quickly improved, the water and soil loss is reduced, and the biological diversity is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a pre-remediation view of a purple sand shale eroded zone;

FIG. 2 is a diagram after remediation of a purple sand shale eroded area;

fig. 3 is a schematic representation of bare rock and thin earth type remediation (grade < 5% zone);

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of bare rock and thin earth type remediation (grade 5-10% section);

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of bare rock and thin earth type remediation (slope > 10% section);

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of shrub planting and repairing;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of arbor planting restoration.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

Example 1:

on a slope (gradient is more than 10%) of a purple sand shale erosion area, a container with the internal empty volume of 50cm multiplied by 50cm is built by materials such as soil retaining sandbags, a root blocking plate is used for enclosing the downhill position 1/2-2/3, then soil is piled, and a traditional cofferdam mode of carrying out full enclosure by the root blocking plate is adopted as a contrast in the same area. 2.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each hole as base fertilizer, and water-retaining agent (30 g/hole) is added, the fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are mixed with hole soil and are uniformly placed into the hole when the hole is applied, and the soil returning thickness is not less than 50 cm. Annual container seedlings are uniformly adopted, and the seedlings are required to be 40-60 cm high, more than 0.5cm in ground diameter, complete in root system, vigorous in growth and free of diseases and insect pests. The test starts in 5 months of 2020, 5 tree species (table 1) are selected, 10 seedlings are planted in each tree species, 5 of the tree species adopt the soil piling method of the invention after the downhill position is enclosed by the root blocking plate 1/2-2/3, and the other 5 tree species adopt the traditional cofferdam mode of full enclosure by the root blocking plate, and the soil water content and the seedling survival rate are tested after 3 months of planting.

The results are also shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the traditional cofferdam mode of using the root blocking plate to fully surround the downhill position, the method for treating the heaped soil after using the root blocking plate to surround the downhill position for 1/2-2/3 improves the water storage capacity, obviously improves the capability of utilizing natural water, improves the survival rate of the nursery stock and reduces the repair cost.

Example 2:

the invention implements ecological restoration in a classified mode aiming at the current situation of the purple sand shale erosion area, and has outstanding overall effect. In the 9600 mu purple sand shale ecological restoration project implemented in a place in Guangdong province, obvious effect is generated, the restoration operation is from 5/10/2020/10/2021/3/30 (figures 1 and 2), and the vegetation coverage of an erosion area is improved to more than 80% from less than 20% before restoration within 10 months.

The specific operation steps are as follows:

1. bare rock and thin soil layer type remediation

Bare rock and thin soil layer types: forest vegetation in the area is degraded or dead, only a few drought-resistant herbaceous vegetation exist, shrubs or vines grow in the middle, organic matters are few or none, the soil layer is thin and none, and bare rocks form large and small patches and are alternated with grasslands.

Backfilling foreign soil in the exposed rock land to a certain thickness, directly paving turf and broadcasting grass seeds, or backfilling foreign soil in a masonry container to plant vine plants for restoration, and restoring small exposed rocks to form a large green land to achieve ecological restoration effect with small pieces, wherein the exposed rock pieces are not more than 50m ² The concrete measures are as follows:

(1) a gentle slope section with the gradient less than 5 percent, backfilling additional soil with the thickness of more than 10cm from top to bottom, leveling, compacting, and adding a certain amount of slow release fertilizer (0.5 kg/m) ² ) And a water-retaining agent (30 g/m) ² ). The turf laying is combined with grass seed spreading, the part-mounted turf laying is selected (the part-mounted turf and the leveled bare soil area is paved at a 1: 3 circle mountain level), the bare soil part in the gap is uniformly and mixedly sown with 2-3 grass seeds in the appendix A, the soil is kept moist, the non-woven fabric is covered, and the non-woven fabric is fixed by a U-shaped buckle, so that the rainwater washing is reduced. As shown in particular in figure 3.

(2) A section with the gradient of 5-10 percent is horizontally and orderly built with earth-retaining sandbags at intervals of 5-8 m from top to bottom, foreign soil with the thickness of more than 10cm is backfilled, leveled and compacted, and a certain amount of slow-release fertilizer (0.5 kg/m) is added ² ) And a water-retaining agent (30 g/m) ² ). The turf laying is combined with grass seed spreading, the part-mounted turf laying is selected (the part-mounted turf and the leveled bare soil area is paved at a 1: 3 circle mountain level), the bare soil part in the gap is uniformly and mixedly sown with 2-3 grass seeds in the appendix A, the soil is kept moist, the non-woven fabric is covered, and the non-woven fabric is fixed by a U-shaped buckle, so that the rainwater washing is reduced. As shown in particular in fig. 4.

(3) The slope is larger than or equal to 10%, a container with the inner space volume not smaller than 50cm multiplied by 50cm is built by materials such as soil retaining sandbags, the downhill position is enclosed 1/2-2/3 by a root blocking plate, soil is piled, 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each hole as base fertilizer, water-retaining agent (30 g/hole) is added, the fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are mixed with hole soil and are placed into the hole when the fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are applied, and the soil return thickness is not smaller than 30 cm. Repairing by planting vine in masonry container, wherein the number of artificial planting containers is 500/hm ² 1000 per hm ² . Annual container seedlings are adopted uniformly, and high-quality seedlings with the length of 1.5-2.0 m, complete root systems, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests are required to be grown on the seedlings with more than II grades. 5 to 10 clusters of climbing plants are planted in each built container, more than 2 clusters are planted in each cluster, a simple climbing vine frame is manufactured on the surface of the exposed rock, and a shading net with shading degree of 50 percent is fixedly paved to reduce the high temperature on the surface of the exposed rock in summer. As shown in detail in fig. 5.

2. Lawn type remediation

Type of grass: the area is mainly made of herbaceous plants, the woody plants are few, the thickness of a soil layer is more than or equal to 20cm, and the herbaceous plants are more abundant; the soil layer thickness is less than 20cm, and only a small amount of drought-resistant herbs exist.

Digging holes to plant shrubs as the main part and arbors as the auxiliary part. The land with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 50cm can be directly dug to plant the arbor; the method is characterized in that a land block with the soil layer thickness of 30-50 cm can be directly dug to plant shrubs, or one side of a hillside is surrounded by a root blocking plate 1/2-2/3 at a downhill position and then is subjected to soil piling treatment until the soil layer thickness is more than or equal to 50cm, and then trees are planted.

And planting shrubs, digging holes with the specification of 50cm multiplied by 30cm, leading the depth of the holes to reach mother rocks, using a root blocking plate with the depth of less than 30cm to surround 1/2-2/3 at a downhill position, and then piling up soil. Applying 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, adding 20g of water-retaining agent in each hole, uniformly mixing the fertilizer and hole soil when applying, and placing the mixture into the holes, wherein the return soil thickness is not less than 30 cm. Annual container seedlings are uniformly adopted, and the seedlings are required to be 30-50 cm high, more than 30cm in crown width, complete in root system, vigorous in growth and free of diseases and insect pests. As shown in particular in fig. 6.

Digging holes of 50cm multiplied by 50cm (depth) for planting arbor, applying 2.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and adding water-retaining agent (30 g/hole) in each hole, and uniformly placing the fertilizer and the water-retaining agent in the holes when applying the fertilizer and the water-retaining agent and hole soil, wherein the return soil thickness is not less than 50 cm. Annual container seedlings are uniformly adopted, and the seedlings are required to be 40-60 cm high, more than 0.5cm in ground diameter, complete in root system, vigorous in growth and free of diseases and insect pests. Planting in early spring and rainy season. Strengthening seedlings, stretching root systems, properly deeply planting, slightly returning soil, slightly lifting the seedlings after returning the soil, then properly compacting, and finally banking up into fish scale-shaped pits with high peripheries and low centers or high slopes and low slopes. If the soil layer thickness is less than 30cm, maintaining the original herbaceous plants; the tree species formed by each forest land class after restoration are preferably more than 5. As shown in particular in fig. 7.

3. Shrub type repair

Grass irrigation type: the area is not provided with tall tree vegetation, but is covered by a certain amount of shrubs, vines and grasses, wherein the thickness of a soil layer is more than or equal to 20cm, the herbaceous plants are more numerous, and the shrubs are more abundant; the soil layer thickness is less than 20cm, and only a small amount of drought-resistant herbaceous plants exist.

The hole digging is mainly used for planting trees and assisted by shrubs, the trees or the shrubs are respectively planted or the grasslands are maintained according to different soil layer thicknesses according to the 2 nd point, and the number of the trees formed by each small class of the forest land after the restoration is more than 5.

4. Arborescent shrub type remediation

Arbor-bush-grass type: in the area, shrubs, vines and herbs are mainly used, trees are rare, the canopy density of forest stands is below 0.2, the thickness of a soil layer is more than or equal to 20cm, shrubs, vines and herb vegetations are more abundant, and a small amount of trees exist; the soil layer thickness is less than 20cm, and only a small amount of shrubs and herbaceous plants exist.

Digging holes to plant trees as main parts, planting trees according to different soil layer thicknesses according to the 2 nd point, and forming tree species of each small class of the restored forest land by more than 5 types.

Appendix A plant list

TABLE A.01 arbor species

Serial number	Seed name	Latin name	Type (B)	Medicine for treating cancer	Genus and family
						1	Wet plus pine	Pinus elliottii×caribaea	Arbor	Pinaceae	Genus Pinus
2	Masson pine	Pinus massoniana	Arbor	Pinaceae	Genus Pinus
						3	Lagerstroemia indica	Lagerstroemia parviflora	Arbor	Lythraceae (Lythraceae)	Genus crape myrtle
4	Schima superba	Schima superba	Arbor	Theaceae	Genus Lolium
						5	Chinese tallow tree	Triadica sebifera	Arbor	Euphorbiaceae family	Genus Sapium
6	Mallotus japonicus	Mallotus tenuifolius	Arbor	Euphorbiaceae family	Genus Jatropha
						7	Leaf of divaricate Gynura	Mallotus apetla	Arbor	Euphorbiaceae family	Genus Jatropha
8	Bean pear	Pyrus calleryana	Arbor	Rosaceae family	Genus Pyri
						9	Acacia Siliquosa (lour.) Merr	Acacia podalyriifolia	Arbor	Mimosaceae (Mimosaceae)	Acacia genus
10	Missing Black wood	Acacia melanoxylon	Arbor	Mimosaceae (Mimosaceae)	Genus of acacia
						11	Henhua silver	Leucaena leucocephala	Arbor	Caesalpiniaceae	Genus Hemerocallis
12	Ren Dou (Dong Lian Tang Co., Ltd.)	Zenia insignis	Arbor	Caesalpiniaceae	Genus Ningdou
						13	Root of Huangshan Cercis chinensis	Cercis chingii	Arbor	Papilionaceae (Papilionaceae)	Genus Cercis
14	(Sandalwood)	Dalbergia hupeana	Arbor	Papilionaceae (Papilionaceae)	Dalbergia
						15	Sweetgum incense	Liquidambar formosana	Arbor	Hamamelidaceae	Genus of liquidambar
16	Red awl	Castanopsis hystrix	Arbor	Fagaceae (Fagaceae)	Conus genus
						17	Elm tree	Ulmus parvifolia	Arbor	Ulmaceae (Ulmaceae)	Genus Ulmus
18	Iron holly	Ilex rotunda	Arbor	Aquifoliaceae (Aquifoliaceae)	Genus ilex
						19	Fructus evodiae leaf	Tetradium glabrifolium	Arbor	Rutaceae (Rutaceae)	Evodia genus
20	Zanthoxylum bungeanum	Zanthoxylum undulatifolium	Arbor	Rutaceae (Rutaceae)	Zanthoxylum genus
						21	Chinaberry fruit	Melia azedarach	Arbor	Meliaceae family	Melia genus

TABLE A.02 species of shrub

TABLE A.03 herbaceous plants

Serial number	Seed name	Latin name	Type (B)	Medicine for curing cancer	Genus of family
						1	Mugwort	Artemisia argyi	Herbal medicine	Compositae family	Artemisia genus
2	Root of Aster	Aster trinervius	Herbal medicine	Compositae family	Aster genus
						3	All-grass of Redball Lespedeza	Siphonostegia chinensis	Herbal medicine	Scrophulariaceae family	Negative grass
4	Herb of common bluebeard	Caryopteris incana	Herbal medicine	Labiatae (Labiatae)	Caryopteris genus
						5	Bermuda grass	Cynodon dactylon	Herbal medicine	Gramineae family	Bermuda grass
6	Ciliate desert-grass	Eremochloa ciliaris	Herbal medicine	Gramineae family	Centipede centipede
						7	Poa pratensis	Poa annua	Herbal medicine	Gramineae family	Poa of early-maturing crops
8	Festuca arundinacea	Festuca elata	Herbal medicine	Gramineae family	Festuca genus
						9	All-grass of Taiwan	Zoysia pacifica	Herbal medicine	Gramineae family	Zoysia

TABLE A.04 vine plants

Serial number	Seed name	Latin name	Type (B)	Medicine for curing cancer	Genus of family
						1	Herb of Siberian Clematis	Clematis leschenaultiana	Rattan book	Ranunculaceae family	Nelumbo of Withania
2	Fructus quisqualis	Quisqualis indica	Rattan book	Combretaceae	Quisqualis genus
						3	Pueraria mirifica (Willd.) Ohwi	Pueraria montana	Rattan book	Papilionaceae (Papilionaceae)	Pueraria genus
4	Cortex Alstoniae Yunnanensis	Celastrus aculeatus	Rattan book	Celastraceae	Celastrus genus
						5	Ramulus et folium Sempervirentis	Sageretia thea	Rattan book	Rhamnaceae	Genus Sageretia
6	Tiger climbing	Parthenocissus tricuspidata	Rattan book	Vitaceae	Genus Euphorbia
						7	Radix Ampelopsis	Ampelopsis japonica	Rattan book	Vitaceae	Ampelopsis genus
8	All-grass of Jade leaf golden flower	Mussaenda pubescens	Bush	Rubiaceae family	Genus Mussaenda
						9	Honeysuckle	Lonicera japonica	Rattan book	Caprifoliaceae	Lonicera genus
10	Wedelia chinensis	Sphagneticola calendulacea	Rattan book	Compositae family	Wedella genus

Claims

1. A method for efficiently restoring forest and grass in a purple sand shale erosion area is characterized in that holes are dug or containers are built on a slope of the purple sand shale erosion area, a root blocking plate is used for enclosing 1/2-2/3 at a downhill position, then soil piling is carried out, base fertilizer and water-retaining agent are applied to each hole or container, when the base fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are applied, the base fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and hole soil are uniformly mixed and placed in the holes, tree seedlings are planted in early spring and rainy season, and the soil is restored.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sapling is a tree selected from the group consisting of pinus hygrophila, pinus massoniana, crape myrtle, schima superba, sabina vulgaris, mallotus, rosa cuneata, acacia senna, anyhow, cercis negundo, santalum album, sweetgum, erythrina, elm, ilex latifolia, evodia rutaecarpa, zanthoxylum bungeanum or melia azedarach, and 2 or more thereof; or the sapling is shrub, which is oak, myrtle, hypericum, glochidion lanceolaris, wilfordii, cherokee rose fruit, spiraea sinensis, small stonecrop, raspberry, small rosa multiflora, faecio crenata, beautiful lespedeza branch, loropetalum chinensis, starwort, sweetgum fruit, evergreen longipedunculata, red scallion, red pepper, zanthoxylum piperitum, rhus chinensis, drumstick tree, kadsura root, white sandalwood, oleander, serissa serissoides, gardenia, sticky rice, viburnum, vitex or firewood beancurd or more than 2.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dug holes are 50cm x 50cm in size when the soil layer is less than 50cm thick and less than 50cm deep, and are piled up after being enclosed 1/2-2/3 by the root guard at the downhill position, or are 50cm x 30cm in size when the soil layer is less than 30cm thick and less than 30cm deep, and are piled up after being enclosed at the downhill position 1/2-2/3 by the root guard.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the masonry container is 50cm x 50cm in the case of a tree or 50cm x 30cm in the case of a bush, and is subjected to earth piling after being gathered 1/2 to 2/3 in a downhill by using a root guard.

5. The method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein when the specification is 50cm x 50cm, the step of applying the base fertilizer and adding the water-retaining agent in each hole or container is to apply 2.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer and add 30g of water-retaining agent in each hole or container, the fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and the hole soil are uniformly mixed and placed in the hole when the base fertilizer is applied, and the soil returning thickness is not less than 50 cm; or when the specification is 50cm multiplied by 30cm, the base fertilizer is applied to each hole or container, the water-retaining agent is added, 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer are applied to each hole or container to serve as the base fertilizer, 20g of water-retaining agent is added to each hole or container, the fertilizer, the water-retaining agent and hole soil are uniformly mixed and placed into the holes when the base fertilizer is applied, and the soil returning thickness is not less than 30 cm.

6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the tree is a tree, the tree seedling is an annual container seedling, the height of the seedling is 40 cm-60 cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.5cm, the root system is complete, the seedling grows vigorously, and the high-quality seedling without diseases and insect pests is planted in early spring and rainy season, the seedling is righted, the root system is stretched, the seedling is planted deeply and properly, the soil is recovered slightly, the seedling is lifted slightly after the soil is recovered, the seedling is compacted properly, and finally the soil is banked into fish scale-shaped pits with high peripheries and low middles or low slopes; when the shrub is used, the annual container seedling is required to be high-quality seedling with the height of 30-50 cm, the crown width of more than 30cm, complete root system, vigorous growth and no plant diseases and insect pests and above grade II.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific repairing method for bare rock and thin soil layer type, grassland type, shrub type, arbor and shrub type and arbor and shrub type is as follows:

A. bare rock and thin soil layer type remediation

(1) A gentle slope section with the gradient less than 5 percent, backfilling additional soil with the thickness of more than 10cm from top to bottom, leveling, compacting, and adding a certain amount of slow release fertilizer of 0.5kg/m ² And 30g/m of water-retaining agent ² The turf is laid and is combined grass kind scattering, chooses for use the piece dress turf to lay, according to piece dress turf and the good bare soil area of leveling 1: 3, horizontally paving the ring mountains, uniformly sowing 2-3 grass seeds in a gap with bare soil in a mixed manner, keeping the soil moist, covering non-woven fabrics, and fixing by using U-shaped buckles to reduce rainwater washing;

(2) section with gradient of 5% -10%, from top to bottom, at intervals of 5 &8m, building soil-retaining sandbags in order horizontally around the mountain, backfilling soil with the thickness of more than 10cm, leveling, compacting, and adding 0.5kg/m of slow-release fertilizer ² And 30g/m of water-retaining agent ² The turf is laid and is combined grass kind scattering, chooses for use the piece dress turf to lay, according to piece dress turf and the good bare soil area of leveling 1: 3, horizontally paving the surrounding mountains, uniformly sowing 2-3 grass seeds in the gaps of the bare soil part in a mixed mode, keeping the soil moist, covering non-woven fabrics, and fixing the grass seeds by U-shaped buckles to reduce rain wash;

(3) building a section with the gradient more than or equal to 10 percent, building containers with the internal empty volume of not less than 50cm multiplied by 50cm by using materials such as soil retaining sandbags and the like, enclosing the downhill position by 1/2-2/3 by using a root retaining plate, piling soil, applying 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, adding 30 g/container of water-retaining agent, uniformly mixing the fertilizer with hole soil when applying the fertilizer, placing the hole soil in the hole, planting vines in the building containers for restoration, and manually planting the containers with the number of 500/hm ² 1000 per hm ² Adopting annual container seedlings, wherein the length of vines is required to be 1.5-2.0 m, the root system is complete, the vines grow vigorously, and high-quality seedlings with more than II grade and no diseases and insect pests are adopted, planting 5-10 clusters of climbing plants in each built container, and more than 2 roots in each cluster, manufacturing a simple vine climbing frame on the surface of bare rocks, and fixedly paving a shading net with shading degree of 50%;

B. lawn type rehabilitation

Digging holes to plant shrubs mainly and arbors secondarily; the land with the soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 50cm can be directly dug to plant the arbor; the method comprises the following steps of (1) directly digging holes to plant shrubs in a land block with the soil layer thickness of 30-50 cm, or piling soil on one side of a hillside after enclosing 1/2-2/3 at a downhill position by using a root blocking plate until the soil layer thickness is more than or equal to 50cm, and then planting trees;

planting shrubs, digging holes with the specification of 50cm multiplied by 30cm, piling soil after 1/2-2/3 is enclosed on a downslope by a root blocking plate with the depth of less than 30cm and after the holes are deep to mother rocks, applying 1.5kg of organic fertilizer and 200g of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and adding 20 g/hole of water-retaining agent to each hole, uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the holes when applying the fertilizer, placing the mixture into the holes, wherein the soil return thickness is not less than 30cm, adopting annual container seedlings, requiring the seedlings to be 30 cm-50 cm high, the crown width to be more than 30cm, complete root systems, vigorous growth and high-quality seedlings with more than II grade without diseases and insect pests;

C. shrub type repair

D. arbor and shrub type repair

Digging holes to plant arbors as main parts, respectively planting arbors according to different soil layer thicknesses by referring to the B, and forming tree species of each small class of the restored forest land into more than 5 kinds of trees; .

The arbor can be wet pine, masson pine, crape myrtle, schima superba, Chinese arborvitae, mallotus apetalum, rosa forrestii, pyrus calleryana, acacia nigrum, acacia cuneata, anyou, cercis negundo, santalum album, sweetgum, mangnolia officinalis, elm, holly, evodia rutaecarpa, zanthoxylum bungeanum or melia azedarach.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the shrub is oak, myrtle, hypericum, glochidion lanceolaris, alexandrium vulgare, cherokee rose, spiraea sinensis, berba pavonicae, raspberry, rosa parviflora, fava officinarum, lespedeza virginiana, loropetalum chinensis, gypsophila chinense, syphilis longifolia, majia, zanthoxylum piperitum, rhus chinensis, kava, pterocarpus santalinus, oleander, serissa serissoides, gardenia, sticky rice, viburnum, vitex or kadsura longipedunculata or more than 2.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the herbs are mugwort, aster, actinolite, cymbopogon, bermudagrass, ciliate grass, poa annua, festuca arundinacea, or taiwan grass or more than 2 kinds thereof.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the liana is selected from the group consisting of clematis filamentosa, quisqualis indica, pueraria lobata, maple, bromela vine, parthenocissus tricuspidata, ampelopsis japonica, wedelia purpurea, honeysuckle, and wedelia chinensis, and 2 or more thereof.