CN211881394U - A three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure for a newly built scattered bamboo garden - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure, which comprises a landscape scattered bamboo planting belt, a precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belt, an economic herb planting belt and a hardening separation footpath; the landscape scattered bamboo planting zone is a framework formed by longitudinally planting scattered bamboos in rows to form a forest community, and occupies the upper layer of the forest zone to fully utilize light energy; the precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belts are positioned between two adjacent landscape scattered bamboo planting belts and occupy the centers of the adjacent bamboo forest belts; the economic herbal planting belts are positioned below the vertical projection of the scattered bamboos of the landscape scattered bamboo planting belts and between two adjacent precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belts; the hard separation footpath is longitudinally arranged in the center of the precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belt, is parallel to the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt, is of a downward-sunken trapezoidal groove type structure, is used as a drainage channel and a management footpath, and is beneficial to summer drainage and daily tending and managing.

Description

A three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure for a newly built scattered bamboo garden

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of bamboo production and forestry diversified management, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure of a newly-built scattered bamboo garden.

Background technique

Bamboo, scientific name Bambusoideae, is the collective name of the subfamily Bamboo of the Poaceae family, and is a perennial woody plant. Bamboo, guilty, strong, evergreen, proud and cold. The reason why people love bamboo is because of its wide variety and wide range of uses, it can provide a variety of forest products and services to human beings. Fully understanding the biological characteristics and ecological characteristics of different bamboo species is the premise of rational management of bamboo forests. According to the distribution of the above-ground parts of bamboo and the growth habit of ground stems, there are three main types of bamboo species: uniaxial scattered type, co-clustered type and mixed type. Generally, the environmental conditions of clump bamboo are higher than those of scattered bamboo, which has underground stems running horizontally, and the cultivation method is not exactly the same as that of clump bamboo. Bamboo farmers often adopt a unified management model for different types of bamboo forests due to their lack of professional knowledge in the management of bamboo forests, resulting in weak growth potential of bamboo forests and difficulty in improving the yield and productivity of bamboo shoots.

At present, the most common planting method for new scattered bamboo gardens in rural my country is still a single pure forest. This planting method has the advantages of neat forest appearance, simple cultivation and convenient management. However, this traditional planting mode has the following fatal flaws: First, single planting can easily cause soil compaction and lack of trace elements, and the soil quality will decline year by year in the later stage; Breeding weeds requires a lot of labor to maintain and maintain; more importantly, this planting model does not fully utilize the site space, the productivity of the forest land is not high, and it cannot meet the current needs of people for a variety of forest products.

Utility model content

Purpose of the utility model: The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure to solve the problems of idle space and low utilization rate of woodland resources in the initial stage of newly-built scattered bamboo gardens in my country. The technical difficulties encountered in bamboo production and scattered bamboo gardens are monotonous plant configuration, low space utilization, serious pest and disease damage, and low productivity.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model discloses a three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure of a newly built scattered bamboo garden, which includes a landscape scattered bamboo planting belt, a precious shade-tolerant broad wood planting belt, an economical medicinal herb planting belt, and a hardening separation trail;

The landscape scattered bamboo planting belt is the skeleton of the forest community formed by the scattered bamboo longitudinally planted in rows, and occupies the upper layer of the forest belt to make full use of light energy;

The precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt is located between two adjacent landscape bamboo planting belts, occupying the center of the adjacent bamboo forest belt;

The economic medicinal herb planting belt is located below the vertical projection of the scattered bamboo in the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt, between two adjacent precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belts;

The hardened separation trail is longitudinally arranged in the center of the precious shade-tolerant broad-wood planting belt, parallel to the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt, and is a trapezoidal trough-shaped structure recessed downward, which is used as a drainage channel and management trail, which is conducive to drainage and drainage in summer. Daily care and care.

Specifically, the outer edge of the precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt is aligned with the projection of the newly planted bamboo crown in the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt; an isolation dwarf is arranged between the precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt and the economic medicinal herb planting belt. The 2/3 part of the isolation low wall is buried in the soil to prevent the underground stems from channeling out.

Further, a fixed crossbar is arranged between two adjacent landscape scattered bamboo planting belts; the two ends of the fixed crossbar are fixed above the corresponding two scattered bamboos, and a movable sunshade is placed on the fixed crossbar. network.

Wherein, the fixed crossbar is made of 6-7-year-old bamboo poles with a straight dry type, a length of 2.8-3.0m, and a thickness of 6-8cm. shape, the top is drilled, and fixed on the newly planted scattered bamboo stems.

The sunshade net is a commercially available six-needle encrypted sunshade net, with a net width of 2-2.2m; one side of the sunshade net is fixed, and the other side is set movably, so as to create suitable lighting conditions in the forest according to the needs of seedling cultivation.

Preferably, the bottom groove of the hardened separation walkway has a width of 40-50 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm.

Preferably, the scattered bamboo in the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt is Phyllostachys vivax, Phyllostachys glabrata, Phyllostachys prominens or Phyllostachys vivax (Phyllostachys glabrata). Phyllostachys vivax 'Aureocaulis') and other bamboo species; the planting method is single-row symmetrical strip planting, the plant spacing is 3-3.5m, and the row spacing is 4-5m.

Preferably, the economical medicinal herb in the economic medicinal herb planting belt is any one or a combination of Lycoris radiata, Lilium brownii var.viridulum, Platycodon grandiflorus and Bletillastriata. For multi-row dense planting, plant 40 to 45 plants per square meter.

Preferably, precious shade-tolerant broadwood saplings of Phoebechekiangensis, Phoebe sheareri, Machilus thunbergii or Cinnamomum chekiangense are planted in the precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt, and transplanted. The method is to transplant the scattered bamboo planting belt parallel to the landscape, with a width of 0.6-0.8m, a row spacing of 0.2m×0.2m, and planting 16-20 plants per square meter.

Beneficial effects:

The utility model proposes a novel three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure which is rich in species diversity, high in space utilization rate, conducive to drainage and irrigation, and can provide various forest products, aiming at the technical deficiencies existing in the new scattered bamboo gardens in my country. On the one hand, this structural model makes full use of the open space of the newly built bamboo forest to cultivate precious shade-tolerant broad trees and economical medicinal herb plants, and can harvest precious saplings and Chinese medicinal materials while operating the bamboo garden, thereby greatly increasing economic benefits; on the other hand, through The ingenious plant configuration design and forest shading can effectively prevent soil compaction and soil drought, while satisfying the full light growth of bamboo and wood, and leaving enough half-shade and half-sun habitat space for shade-tolerant precious hardwoods and economical herbs , and can ensure that the young bamboo is not skewed, which is conducive to the realization of complementary interests and harmonious symbiosis between plants in different ecological niches.

Description of drawings

The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the above-mentioned and/or other aspects of the present utility model will become clearer.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-effect planting structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the hardened separation walkway of the multi-effect planting structure of the present invention.

3 is a schematic diagram of the isolation low wall of the multi-effect planting structure of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the fastening and connection mode of the fixed cross bar and the scattered bamboo stems in the multi-effect planting structure of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the direct view of the fixed cross bar in the multi-effect planting structure of the present invention.

Wherein, each reference sign represents:

1. Landscape scattered bamboo planting belt; 2. Fixed crossbar; 3. Shade net; 4. Precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt; 5. Hardened separation trail; wall; 10 bottom wall; 11 drilled hole; 12 hollow mart-shaped clasp;

Detailed ways

The present invention can be better understood according to the following examples.

Example

As shown in FIG. 1 , the three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure of the newly-built scattered bamboo garden includes a landscape scattered bamboo planting belt 1 , a precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt 4 , an economical medicinal herb planting belt 7 , and a hardened separation trail 5 .

Among them, the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt 1 is the skeleton of the forest community formed by the scattered bamboos planted in longitudinal rows, and occupies the upper layer of the forest belt to make full use of light energy; the precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt 4 is located in two adjacent landscape scattered bamboos Between the planting belts 1, occupy the center of the adjacent bamboo forest belts; the economic medicinal herb planting belt 7 is located under the vertical projection of the scattered bamboo in the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt 1, between two adjacent precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belts 4; Between the precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt 4 and the economical medicinal herb planting belt 7, an isolation low wall 6 is arranged, and 2/3 of the isolation low wall 6 is buried in the soil to prevent underground stems from escaping. In addition, the hardened separation trail 5 is longitudinally arranged in the center of the precious shade-tolerant broadwood planting belt 4, parallel to the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt 1, which is a downwardly recessed trapezoidal trough structure. Summer drainage and daily tending care.

From October 2018 to November 2019, a three-dimensional interplanting experiment of Phyllostachys prominens was carried out in Yizheng Changsheng Agricultural Ecological Park Co., Ltd. (Zaolin Bay, Yizheng), with a test scale of 20 mu. The test process is as follows:

(1) Complete land preparation: On October 20, 2018, the soil in the park was fully ploughed with an excavator, and then deeply plowed, broken and leveled with an agricultural rotary cultivator. The ploughing depth was uniformly 45cm. Combined with land preparation and top dressing, the base fertilizer is a domestic agricultural compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 15-20kg/mu.

(2) Ditching and digging: After land preparation, manual operation method is used to open drainage ditches on the ground every 2.60m, north-south direction, the ditch size is trapezoid, the bottom width is 20cm, the upper opening is 40cm wide, and the depth is 25cm. Ditch the soil on both sides and level it moderately. Dig bamboo seed planting holes in the center of the two rows of trenches in parallel strips, with a depth of 45-50 cm, a diameter of 50-55 cm, and a distance of 2-2.5 m.

(3) Bamboo planting: In December 2018, select 1-2-year-old high-segmented bamboo seedlings with excellent plant type, robust growth, and no damage to construct a landscape scattered bamboo planting belt 1. The specifications of the bamboo seedlings are 3-4.5cm in thickness, the branches are left for 3 plates and then topped off a little, the bamboo pockets are well preserved, and the diameter of the soil ball is 15-20cm. The depth of the planting soil is 2-3cm deeper than the traces of the original soil layer, and the soil is covered and stepped in time after planting.

(4) Interplanting of medicinal herbs: In March 2019, after moderately leveling on both sides of the scattered bamboo planting belt 1 in the landscape, lines were drawn to plant Lycoris radiata bulbs to construct an economical medicinal herb planting belt 7. Single-row band-shaped mixed planting was adopted, with a width of 0.5m, and 40 to 45 plants were planted per square meter. The outer edge of the formed economical herb planting belt 7 is required to be roughly aligned with the vertical projection of the upper bamboo crown.

(5) Burying the low wall: after the herb planting is completed, the isolation low wall 6 is buried under the vertical projection of the bamboo crown. It is 4-5cm, the overall height is 45cm, the surface is naturally rough, and the soil is exposed to 8-10cm after being buried.

(6) Broad seedling transplanting: Pre-cultivated Phoebe chekiangensis sprouts were selected to construct precious shade-tolerant broad wood planting belts 4, and sprouts were transplanted next to the isolation wall 6. The planting method is belt-shaped dense planting, with a width of 0.6m, a row spacing of 0.2m×0.2m, and 16 to 20 plants per square meter.

(7) Laying trails: The hardened separation trail 5 is a trapezoidal trough structure (as shown in Figure 2). The trough monomer is built by mixing cement and yellow sand in a conventional proportion, and different monomers are naturally combined. The finished product specifications are as follows: the bottom wall of the bottom groove is 10 wide and 40 cm wide, the opening is 50 cm wide, the bottom depth is 25 cm, the wall thickness is 4-4.5 cm, and the longitudinal length of a single piece is 45-50 cm. The side wall 9 has a slope design with an inclination of about 45 degrees, and there is a 5cm wide slow wall 8 at the top of the side wall, which is naturally pressed and fastened.

(8) Fixed crossbar: The fixed crossbar 2 is made of 6-7 year old bamboo poles with a straight dry type, a length of 2.8 to 3.0 m and a thickness of 6 to 8 cm. Fixing the cross bar 2 requires that the surface is flattened, the branches are cut off, and the two ends are sawed into a hollow horse ear-shaped buckle 12 (Fig. 5), the two sides are drilled 11, the hole diameter is 0.5cm, and it is fixed on the newly planted bamboo pole with screws. superior. Figure 4 shows the fastening style of the fixed crossbar 2 and the bamboo and wood.

(9) Set up movable sunshade net: The raw material of sunshade net 3 is a commercially available six-pin encrypted sunshade net, with a net width of 2.2m and an erection height of 1.8m. One side is fixed on the fixed crossbar by metal wires, and the other side is fixed on the opposite stem by rope movement, and the opening and closing are controlled according to the light demand during the seedling period to create suitable forest habitat conditions. Winter shade, side wind protection.

(10) Management and protection in the later stage: necessary soil loosening and weeding is carried out according to the weather and soil conditions in the growing season, and irregular irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture in the dry season; in mid-June, 0.5% urea is used for foliar topdressing once.

Planting effect: The bamboo garden survey was conducted in December 2019, and the results showed that the young bamboo grew normally and the preservation rate was 99.8%. After Yuzhu was fixed, there was no skewness for several months. The surface weeds are scarce, and the weeding operations are carried out 3 times a year, the labor efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is greatly reduced. The hardwood seedlings under the forest grow well, with an average ground length of 4.5cm, a maximum growth of 5.1mm, an average height of 15.50cm, and a maximum growth of 25.5cm; the production of Lycoris is good, and the trees have achieved flowering, and the 2600kg seed bulbs are harvested at the end of the year. The benefits are considerable.

Comparative Example 1

From October 2018 to November 2019, a controlled planting experiment of Phyllostachys prominens was simultaneously carried out in Yizheng Changsheng Agricultural Ecological Park Co., Ltd. (Zaolin Bay, Yizheng), with a test scale of 10 mu. Before planting, detailed land preparation, trenching and digging, and bamboo planting were carried out according to the above methods, and a total of 460 bamboo seedlings were planted. After the planting is completed, the burying of the isolation wall 6 and the transplanting of the hardwood seedlings are carried out. Phoebechekiangensis sprouts were selected as the precious broad-leaved tree species, and the sprouts were transplanted next to the isolation low wall 6. The plant-row spacing was 0.2m × 0.2m, and 20 plants were planted per square meter. After the sprouts are transplanted, the separation walkway 5 is correspondingly laid. The separation walkway 5 is a trapezoidal trough structure, and the specifications are the same as before. Finally, a fixed cross bar 2 and a shading net 3 are set up between the bamboos to control the light intensity between the bamboos.

In December 2019, the growth effect of bamboo forest was counted, and it was found that the growth of young bamboo was acceptable, and the preservation rate was 98.9%. The summer of 2019 was dry, but due to the shading operation, the bamboo has good moisture retention, and two irrigation operations were carried out throughout the year, and the young bamboo did not fall and tilt. Because no economical medicinal herbs are operated under Bamboo, there is a certain amount of weeds growing on the surface. Eleusine indica, Arthraxon hispidus, Plantago major, Eclipta prostrata, etc. are common, and weeds are removed all year round. 4 times of operation, the labor cost is relatively increased. The understory broadwood Zhejiang Nan seedlings grow well, with an average ground length of 4.1 cm, a maximum growth of 4.8 mm, an average height of 18.5 cm, and a maximum growth of 29.5 cm. The interplanting operation of medicinal herbs has not been carried out, and the income from medicinal materials is zero.

Comparative Example 2

From October 2018 to November 2019, the planting test of Phyllostachys vivax 'Aureocaulis' was simultaneously carried out in Yizheng Changsheng Agricultural Ecological Park Co., Ltd. (Zaolin Bay, Yizheng), with a test scale of 5 mu . Before planting, detailed land preparation, ditch digging, and bamboo planting were carried out according to the above method and steps. However, the above-mentioned interplanting of herbs, burying of low walls, transplanting broad seedlings, laying trails, fixing crossbars and movable shading were not carried out. In December 2019, the growth effect of bamboo forest was counted, and it was found that the growth of young bamboo was acceptable, and the preservation rate was 96.2%. However, due to the drought in the summer of 2019, five irrigation operations were carried out throughout the year, and some young bamboos were lodging (the lodging rate was 15%), which greatly increased the workload of field management. Bamboo interplanting is not implemented, and there is sufficient sunlight between the bamboos, and the surface weeds grow especially lush, especially the sun-loving Vicia hirsuta, Geranium carolinianum, Eclipta prostrata and other malignant weeds grow vigorously , the labor cost of bamboo weeding is the largest. After the weeding operation, the surface is bare, the sun is sufficient, the soil is obviously compacted, and the structure is poor.

The present utility model provides an idea and method for building a new three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure for scattered bamboo gardens. There are many specific methods and approaches for realizing the technical solution. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. It should be pointed out that for For those skilled in the art, under the premise of not departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components not specified in this embodiment can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims (9)

1. A newly-built three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure of a scattered bamboo garden is characterized by comprising landscape scattered bamboo planting belts (1), precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belts (4), economic herb planting belts (7) and a hardening separation footpath (5);

the landscape scattered bamboo planting zone (1) is a framework formed by longitudinally planting scattered bamboos in rows to form a forest community, and occupies the upper layer of the forest zone to fully utilize light energy;

the precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belts (4) are positioned between two adjacent landscape scattered bamboo planting belts (1);

the economic herb planting belts (7) are positioned below the vertical projection of the scattered bamboos of the landscape scattered bamboo planting belts (1) and between two adjacent precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belts (4);

the hard separation footpath (5) is longitudinally arranged in the center of the precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belt (4), is parallel to the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt (1), and is of a downward-sunken trapezoidal groove type structure.

2. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer edge of the precious shade-tolerant broad wood planting strip (4) is aligned with the strip-shaped projection of the primarily-planted bamboo crown in the landscape scattered bamboo planting strip (1); a low isolation wall (6) is arranged between the precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belt (4) and the economic herb planting belt (7), and 2/3 parts of the low isolation wall (6) are embedded in soil to prevent underground stems from channeling outwards.

3. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a fixing cross bar (2) is arranged between two adjacent landscape scattered bamboo planting belts (1); two ends of the fixed cross rod (2) are fixed above the two corresponding scattered bamboos, and a movable sunshade net (3) is arranged on the fixed cross rod (2).

4. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fixing cross bar (2) is made of 6-7 year-old bamboo poles with dry straight type, length of 2.8-3.0 m and thickness of 6-8 cm, the surface of the fixing cross bar is flattened, after branching, two ends of the fixing cross bar are sawed into hollow horse-ear-shaped parts, the top end of the fixing cross bar is drilled, and the fixing cross bar is fixed on the newly-planted scattered bamboo trunk.

5. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sunshade net (3) is a commercially-available six-needle encrypted sunshade net with a net width of 2-2.2 m; one side of the sunshade net (3) is fixed, and the other side is movably arranged, so that a proper woodland illumination condition is created according to the seedling growing requirement.

6. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom groove of the hardening separation footpath (5) is 40-50 cm wide and 20-25 cm deep.

7. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scattered bamboo in the landscape scattered bamboo planting belt (1) is any one of a black-fed chicken bamboo, a flower-fed chicken bamboo, a high-node bamboo or a yellow-pole black-fed chicken bamboo; the planting mode is single-row symmetrical strip planting, the planting distance is 3-3.5 m, and the row distance is 4-5 m.

8. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the economic herbs in the economic herb planting belt (7) are any one or combination of lycoris radiata, lily, platycodon grandiflorum and bletilla striata, the planting mode is multi-row close planting, and 40-45 plants are planted per square meter.

9. The newly-built scattered bamboo garden three-dimensional multi-effect planting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein precious shade-resistant broad wood seedlings of Zhejiang nan, Phoebe, Machilus thunbergii or Zhejiang cinnamon are planted in the precious shade-resistant broad wood planting belts (4) in a transplanting manner parallel to landscape scattered bamboo planting belts, the width is 0.6-0.8 m, the row spacing is 0.2m x 0.2m, and 16-20 plants are planted per square meter.

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