CN102172133B - Method for treating stony desertification in semiarid hot and warm area by applying improved pinus elliottii - Google Patents
Method for treating stony desertification in semiarid hot and warm area by applying improved pinus elliottii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating stony desertification in a semiarid hot and warm area by applying improved pinus elliottii and belongs to forestry cultivation. The method comprises the steps of preparing matrix soil, planting mycorrihizal seedlings and managing; and forest planting comprises land preparation, pond returning and forest planting, and the density is 167 plants per mu. The growth speed of young pinus elliottii seedlings is obviously higher than that of other pine trees in stony desertification red soil, lateritic red soil, limestone red soil and other areas of which the elevation height is from 1,300 to 1,700 meters, and tree varieties such as the pinus elliottii, fraxinus malacophylla, dodonaea visciaa and or sophora davidii are planted in a mixed forest, the mixed proportion is 3:7, and the density is 222 plants per mu. The mixed forest can thrive within 5 to 7 years, are used for holding water and reinforcing soil, are used as commercial trees and generate rosin economic trees.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the forestry cultivation method.
Background technology
Stony desertification is one of three main big ecological problems of current China, semiarid warm thermally distinguish xeothermic because of weather again, karst leaks, soil drought is barren, water and soil loss has further aggravated this area's stony desertification.The pinus caribaea plants more forest plantation coniferous species in area, south, the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province except that pinus yunnanensis, the masson pine, administer for the stony desertification in semiarid warm thermally district, Yunnan Province and played important function.But the pinus caribaea can not be solid in the lower area of accumulated temperature.Wet-land pine tree (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) is in the low altitude area of U.S.'s natural distributed coastal plain in the southeast, area year 22.2 ℃ of sammings, northern 18.9 ℃; Strong sun of wet-land pine tree and medium shade tolerance, moisture-proof, early growth is rapid, can stand the compacting of weeds, shrub, and annual growth is the mixed type of the many wheels in fixedly single-wheel and middle reaches for several times, and Sheng Shigao growth in 25 years descends; Generally blossom and bear fruit more than 10 years.Treelet lateral root length often surpasses 2 times of the height of trees, can look at pH3.8～thin and weak soil of 6.8 nutrients.Timber can be used as slurrying, papermaking, building etc., and pine needle is capable of using as feed.The rosin composition is main with nopinene, and output is high, quality is good, and kind surplus its retrofit product reaches 400 is the main economic well-being of workers and staff source except that timber.It is middle subtropical zone and south subtropics that China introduces a fine variety the suitable area of wet-land pine tree, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau height above sea level, the semiarid warm about 800mm of hot Rocky Desertification Region annual rainfall; Because arid, the wet-land pine tree nursery stage is long, the afforestation poor growth; 21 years on average only high 7.76m of living wet-land pine tree, disease is more.
Summary of the invention
It is kind strong in semiarid warm fast, the anti-weeds ability of hot Rocky Desertification Region early growth and can be solid that the object of the invention at first provides the industrialization seedling-cultivating method, this tree of a kind of wet-land pine tree seeds; Secondly, with the host tree species of these pine tree seeds as mixed forest, the optimization pattern provides a kind of mixed forest seeds pattern and cultivation method.
The object of the invention realizes in the following manner:
One, the seedling-cultivating method of wet-land pine tree
Comprise step: (1) preparation seedling medium soil: by weight getting dried rhizome of rehmannia soil 25%, mycorhiza soil 60%, baked wheaten cake soil 10%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate or superphosphate 5% preparation matrix soil; Matrix soil is packed in the plastic sack of specification 6.5cm (diameter) * 13cm (height); Diameter 0.5cm osculum 3 rows are beaten in the bag middle and lower part; 4 of every rows enter in bedside 1～1.2m seedbed by 25 bags of every row;
(2) plantation wet-land pine tree mycorhiza seedling: with 60 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds of beginning temperature; Naturally cooling is 24 hours; Remove empty grain, impurity, again with 0.5% potassium permanganate or 1/1000 carbendazim solution sterilize 10 minutes, dry, be transplanted in the matrix earth bag when treating to sprout seed broken shell growing the mycorhiza seedling; 1 every bag, cover sterilization fine earth 0.5cm and cover fresh pine needle;
(3) in the nursery stage, soil moisture content reaches 60%, 23～25 ℃ of ground temperature; 10～12h/ day at sunshine, apply fertilizer once weekly, soil contains organic 3～4%; Hydrolyzable nitrogen 50～100mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus＞15mg/kg, available potassium 60～100mg/kg; Divide and throw off pine needle 2～3 times to 25 days seedling back that all sprouts, treat the tree planting of arriving rainy season.
Two, administer the method for forestation of the wet-land pine tree of semiarid warm hot stony desertification
Comprise step: (1) the whole ground and time pool: time of site preparation is 4～May; Whole ground specification is that 40cm * 40cm * 30cm is cave-shaped; Cubsoil, show native pile up separately, planting pit goes back to the pool and accomplishes mid-June, earlier the 100 general calcium of gram or composite fertilizer is sprinkling upon table soil when going back to the pool and goes up and mix thoroughly at the bottom of the pool is gone back in the back; Cubsoil nick or flat with the face of land is returned in the back, notes protecting broad-leaved treelet primary in the forest land during whole ground;
(2) afforestation: the field planting time is rainy season in 7～August, and I, II level one hundred days mycorhiza seedling are adopted in field planting, and plastic sack is peelled off, and accomplishes that conscientiously the seedling body is proper, tracks tramping compacting; Square configuration is adopted in the forest land, 2 * 2 meters of seeding row spacings, and planting density is 167 strain/mus.
Three, administer the mixed forest seeds and the method for forestation of semiarid warm hot stony desertification
These mixed forest seeds are wet-land pine tree and softleaf ash root-bark and akeake and/or bitter tattooing.The method of forestation of mixed forest seeds comprises step:
(1) put in order ground and go back to the pool: the wet-land pine tree time of site preparation is 4～May, and whole ground specification is that 40cm * 40cm * 30cm is cave-shaped, and planting pit goes back to the pool and accomplishes mid-June, and tree stratum is with the block clear woods of 1m * 1m; The whole ground of akeake and/or bitter tattooing specification is that 20cm * 20cm * 10cm is block, and it is consistent with wet-land pine tree that time of site preparation and planting pit return the pool time;
General calcium is executed or composite fertilizer's 100 grams are made base fertilizer in every pool when going back to the pool;
(2) afforestation: the field planting time is rainy season in 7～August, and wet-land pine tree is adopted I, II level one hundred days mycorhiza seedling, and akeake and/or bitter tattooing are adopted I, II level one hundred days seedling, and field planting is after-culture in time after 15～20 days;
The mixed double ratio example of above wet-land pine tree and akeake and/or bitter tattooing is 3: 7, planting density 222 strain/mus.
The wet-land pine tree root system has mycorhiza bacterium and its symbiosis, and mycorhiza has facilitation to the growth of wet-land pine tree, and therefore, required nursery stock is all adopted the mycorhiza seedling.
More than " akeake and/or bitter tattooing " refer to mode and the wet-land pine tree plantation of can holding concurrently or extract of akeake, bitter tattooing.
The present invention has following positive effect:
(1) through seed seedling-raising provide a kind of before field planting industrialization produce the reliable method of wet-land pine tree seedling; Administer the red earth zone of the semiarid warm hot Rocky Desertification Region of 1300～1700 meters scopes of height above sea level for wet-land pine tree, the growth of wet-land pine tree of young growth phase provides condition.
(2) the wet-land pine tree level of growth is obviously greater than pinus yunnanensis, masson pine and pinus caribaea.General afforestation just can be grown into forest after 3～4 years in closing.
(3) wealthy tall filling of the pin of wet-land pine tree and softleaf ash root-bark, akeake and/or bitter tattooing mixed the moderate Rocky Desertification Region of friendship mode at soil thickness >=20cm, limestone exposed 30～50%; Tentatively closing in 5 years; 7 years complete canopies have the solid autochthonal attitude protective effect of crucial water conservation.
(4) wet-land pine tree is to use material and to produce the living needle reproducting tree species of speed that fat is main application, to can be used for weak point cycle industrial material forest in rotation afforestation.With 100,000 mu of stony desertification mountain region development cycle industrial material forest in short rotation of area, a production cycle (10 years) can be produced more than 60 ten thousand m
3Pulpwood produces 1kg rosin by average strain, can produce 1.5 ten thousand tons in rosin.Through effort in 10 years, popularizing planting at present, 4.5 ten thousand mu of restore vegetation areas.Estimate 15 years living standing forest mean height 12m, average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 15cm, storage rate is counted 60 strain/mus by 90%, average individual volume 0.01513m
3, accumulation is 0.91m
3/ mu.By 4.5 ten thousand mu of dual-purpose woodss of present revegetation area modular estimate, can produce about 4.1 ten thousand tons of pulpwood on the 10th year.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is wet-land pine tree and pinus yunnanensis height of tree growth comparison diagram.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment
(1) seedling-cultivating method of wet-land pine tree
The wet-land pine tree seed is from Fla..Mycorhiza seedling method is following:
Preparation seedling medium soil: dried rhizome of rehmannia soil 25%, mycorhiza soil 60%, baked wheaten cake soil 10%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate or superphosphate 5%.Wherein dried rhizome of rehmannia soil was not for planting crops or the soil of the trees that grew, draft, and it is few to contain germ, reduces the generation of pine tree damping off and damping off; Mycorhiza soil is rooted out the dry branches and fallen leaves and the weeds on the face of land when fetching earth for having mycelial soil under pine forest, oakery or the theropencedrymion, takes the mycorhiza soil of 10cm～20cm degree of depth.The matrix soil for preparing is packed in 6.5cm * 13cm plastic sack, 25 bags of arrangements of every row, the seedbed is wide 1.2 meters, longly decides with landform.
Plantation wet-land pine tree mycorhiza seedling: with 60 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds of beginning temperature; Naturally empty grain, impurity are removed in cooling after 24 hours; Again with 0.5% potassium permanganate or 1/1000 carbendazim solution sterilization 10 minutes, dry; Treat seed sprout broken shell when growing the mycorhiza seedling 1 every bag be transplanted in the matrix earth bag, cover sterilization fine earth 0.5cm and cover fresh pine needle.
In the nursery stage, keep soil moisture content to reach 60%, 23～25 ℃ of ground temperature; 10～12h/ day at sunshine, fertilising once guarantees that soil contains organic 3～4% weekly; Hydrolyzable nitrogen 50～100mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus＞15mg/kg, available potassium 60～100mg/kg; Divide and throw off pine needle 2～3 times, tree planting in good time to 25 days seedling back that all sprouts.
(2) wet-land pine tree afforestation
1. wholely with go back to the pool: land preparation mode all adopts little spot soil preparation, and specification is 40cm * 40cm * 30cm, and time of site preparation is 4～May, notes protecting broad-leaved treelet primary in the forest land during whole ground, cubsoil, shows native pile up separately.Earlier 100 gram composite fertilizers are sprinkling upon table soil when going back to the pool and go up and mix thoroughly at the bottom of the pool is gone back in the back, cubsoil is returned in the back, nick or get final product with the face of land is flat.
2. afforest time and method: the field planting time is rainy season in 7～August.Adopt I, II level one hundred days seedling, during field planting plastic sack is peelled off, accomplish that conscientiously the seedling body is proper, track tramping compacting.
3. configuration mode and planting density: experimental field the gradient is more slow, and square configuration is adopted in configuration, 2 * 2 meters of seeding row spacings, and planting density is 167 strain/mus.
Tending management: look each pilot forest land forest and weed growth situation, 1 weeding of annual arrangement in 3 years is fostered.Arid season notices that brushfire takes place.
(3) with the wet-land pine tree be host's mixed forest seeds and afforestation
Non-host tree species comprises softleaf ash root-bark and akeake and/or bitter tattooing.As tree stratum, as shrub layer, herbaceous layer can cover after closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation naturally with bitter tattooing and/or akeake with softleaf ash root-bark.
1. whole ground and afforestation: planting density 222 strain/mus, it is 3: 7 that wet-land pine tree akeake and/or bitter tattooing mix the double ratio example, the block woods clearly of tree stratum, specification is 1m * 1m, cave-shaped whole ground specification 40cm * 40cm * 30cm, the time is 3-5 month then; Akeake and bitter tattooing land preparation mode are little bulk, and whole ground specification is 20cm * 20cm * 10cm, can carry out simultaneously with going back to the pool, and the wet-land pine tree planting pit goes back to the pool and accomplishes mid-June, and general calcium is executed or composite fertilizer's 100 grams are made base fertilizer in every pool when going back to the pool.Adopt I, II level mycorhiza seedling afforestation, the afforestation time is after-culture in time after afforesting rainy season 15～20 days.
3. tending management: afforestation back second and third year looks the arrangement of weed growth situation and fosters for 1 time, is mainly weeding to enlarge the lighting quantity of seeds.Note not damaging fine-root when fostering; Dry season Fire Hazard Area.Can begin resin tapping in the time of 15 years.
It is following that the life in 2.5 years of stony desertification mountain region mixes height, the footpath growing state of handing over seeds:
| Chinese name | Latin name | Height of tree cm | Leading thread cm |
| Wet-land pine tree | Pinus?elliottii | 120 | 3.4 |
| Softleaf ash root-bark | Fraxinus?malacophylla | 65 | 0.8 |
| Bitter tattooing | Sophora?davidii | 45 | 0.5 |
| Akeake | Dodonaea?viscisa | 40 (live) | 0.4 |
The height of tree of wet-land pine tree is the highest in artificial community, and the happiness photosensitiveness is guaranteed.Unhappy from the barral of a gun growth rate, shade tolerance is stronger, does not influence growth.The shrub layer that bitter tattooing and/or akeake are formed is at tri-layer.
(4) wet-land pine tree afforestation effect on the different soils
South, Jianshui County village Lee 5 mountains: 1750 meters of height above sea level, the about 800mm of annual rainfall, sandstone red soil, soil layer is deep, and quality is a loam, 20 mu of test region areas.
Table 1 Lee 5 mountain soil physico-chemical property tables of data
Table 2 Lee 5 mountain height of trees and footpath, ground (chest) increment table unit: cm
Table 3 Lee 5 mountain pilot pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree height of tree growth variance analysis table
Table 4 Lee 5 mountain pilot pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree breast diameter growth variance analysis table
The Nan Zhuan town is dried to be dashed, 1450 meters of height above sea level, annual rainfall is the same, thick bone red earth, this ground vegetation suffers to destroy repeatedly, water and soil loss is very serious, is that intensity runs off and distinguishes, soil layer as thin as a wafer, quality is a loam, 20 mu of test region areas.
Table 5 is done towards the soil physico-chemical property tables of data
| A | ?0-5 | 5 | Husky earth | Do | Little bulk | 4.7 | ?- | Pale brown | 1.29 | 0.112 | 0.038 | 1.16 | 83 | 1 | 56 |
| B | ?6-15 | 9 | Husky earth | Do | Block | 5 | ?- | Pale red palm fibre | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.038 | 1.73 | 41 | 1 | 30 |
| C | Below 15 | Husky earth | Do | Block | 5.3 | ?- | Reddish brown | 0.11 | 0.11 | 18 | 1 | 44 |
Table 6 is done towards the height of tree and footpath, ground (chest) increment table unit: cm
Table 7 is done towards pilot 6 years livings pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree height of trees variance analysis table of growing
Table 8 is done towards pilot pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree leading thread growth variance analysis table
Trouble section resistance pool, 1550 meters of height above sea level, annual rainfall is the same, limestone red soil, thicker soil, quality are clay loam, 30 mu of test region areas.
Sub-test site, table 9 resistance pool soil physico-chemical property tables of data
High and footpath, ground (chest) increment table unit: the cm of table 10 resistance pool subtree
The sub-pilot pinus yunnanensis in the table 11 resistance pool, wet-land pine tree height of tree growth variance analysis table
The sub-pilot pinus yunnanensis in the table 12 resistance pool, wet-land pine tree breast diameter growth variance analysis table
Ma Ping is put in Linan town, 1530 meters of height above sea level, and annual rainfall is the same, limestone red soil, rock exposes 30～50%, in the soil layer～and thin, quality is a clay loam, 30 mu of test region areas.
Table 13 is put horse level ground soil physico-chemical property tables of data
Table 14 is put the horse level ground height of tree and footpath, ground (chest) increment table unit: cm
Table 15 is put horse level ground pilot pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree height of tree growth variance analysis table
Table 16 is put equal level ground pilot pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree breast diameter growth variance analysis table
(5) wet-land pine tree and pinus yunnanensis generated motility rate, storage rate in 6 years relatively
| Seeds | Resistance pool | Put Ma Ping | Lee's 5 mountains | Dried dashing |
| Wet-land pine tree | 97％，95％ | 90％，85％ | 90％，85％ | 90％，90％ |
| Pinus yunnanensis | 90％，85％ | 95％，80％ | 90％。85％ | 90％，83％ |
(6) comparative trial of wet-land pine tree and pinus yunnanensis, pinus caribaea and masson pine and result
The average height of tree and breast diameter growth ranking were wet-land pine tree＞masson pine＞pinus caribaea＞pinus yunnanensis (table 18) when resistance pool son point pinus yunnanensis, wet-land pine tree, pinus caribaea and masson pine 6 years were living.Table 19 is seen in each conifer high variance analysis in footpath:
4 kinds of pine trees of the sub-pilot in the table 17 resistance pool gave birth to high upgrowth situation list position, footpath in 6 years: centimetre
| The height of tree | 307.2 | 465.0 | 367.3 | 464.6 |
| The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground | 5.28 | 9.3 | 6.1 | 6.84 |
4 kinds of pine trees of table 18 gave birth to high growth variance analysis table in 6 years
6 years living breast diameter growth variance analysis table of 4 kinds of pine trees of table 19
(7) the solid situation of wet-land pine tree
Living wet-land pine tree had indivedual plant blossoms solid in 4 years, and about 1/8 plant began to blossom and bear fruit in 5 years, had 1/3 above plant solid in 6 years, and solid plant number can surpass 60% in 7 years.
Claims (2)
1. administer the seedling-cultivating method of the wet-land pine tree of semiarid warm hot stony desertification, comprise step:
(1) preparation seedling medium soil: by weight getting dried rhizome of rehmannia soil 25%, mycorhiza soil 60%, baked wheaten cake soil 10%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate or superphosphate 5% preparation matrix soil; Matrix soil is packed in the plastic sack of specification 6.5cm * 13cm; Diameter 0.5 cm osculum 3 rows are beaten in the bag middle and lower part; 4 of every rows enter in bedside 1～1.2m seedbed by 25 bags of every row;
(2) plantation wet-land pine tree mycorhiza seedling: with 60 ℃ of emerge in worm water seeds of beginning temperature; Naturally cooling is 24 hours; Remove empty grain, impurity, again with 0.5% potassium permanganate or 1/1000 carbendazim solution sterilize 10 minutes, dry, be transplanted in the matrix earth bag when treating to sprout seed broken shell growing the mycorhiza seedling; 1 every bag, cover sterilization fine earth 0.5cm and cover fresh pine needle;
(3) in the nursery stage, soil moisture content reaches 60%, 23～25 ℃ of ground temperature; 10～12h/ day at sunshine, apply fertilizer once weekly, soil contains organic 3～4%; Hydrolyzable nitrogen 50～100mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus>15mg/kg, available potassium 60～100mg/kg; Divide and throw off pine needle 2～3 times to 25 days seedling back that all sprouts, treat the tree planting of arriving rainy season.
2. the method for forestation of a wet-land pine tree as claimed in claim 1 comprises step:
(1) put in order ground and go back to the pool: the wet-land pine tree time of site preparation is 4～May, and whole ground specification is that 40cm * 40cm * 30cm is cave-shaped, and planting pit goes back to the pool and accomplishes mid-June, and tree stratum is with the block clear woods of 1m * 1m; The whole ground of akeake and/or bitter tattooing specification is that 20cm * 20cm * 10cm is block, and it is consistent with wet-land pine tree that time of site preparation and planting pit return the pool time; General calcium is executed or composite fertilizer's 100 grams are made base fertilizer in every pool when going back to the pool;
(2) afforestation: the field planting time is rainy season in 7～August, and 3 months healthy and strong nursery stocks of mycorhiza seedling seedling age are adopted in the wet-land pine tree field planting, and akeake and/or bitter tattooing are adopted I, II level one hundred days seedling, and field planting is after-culture in time after 15～20 days;
The mixed double ratio example of described wet-land pine tree and akeake and/or bitter tattooing is 3:7, planting density 222 strain/mus.
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| CN103314732B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州省山地资源研究所 | Environment protection white tattooing field seedling raising method |
| CN103749023B (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2017-11-28 | 云南省林业科学院 | The method that frangipanis interplants economical crops and Rocky Desertification Region is administered with foster honeybee |
| CN105830837B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2019-03-12 | 苏梓骁 | A kind of semiarid Mountain Area four seasons exempt to pour method of forestation |
| CN106538216A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-29 | 邱逸奎 | Stony desertification comprehensive control area tree-planting method |
| CN109076847A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-25 | 刘小林 | A kind of implantation methods improving plant percent |
| CN107306745A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-03 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of precious broad leaf tree cultivation technique in Changbai Mountain |
| CN108633369B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2020-06-16 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Method for repairing degraded soil in southwest Asia alpine region by utilizing nitrogen-fixing tree species drynaria |
| CN109042113A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-21 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of breeding method of waterflooding experiment seedling |
| CN115250822A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-01 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Method for promoting Yunnan pine to bloom and fruit in advance |
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