CN111788981B - Natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method - Google Patents
Natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111788981B CN111788981B CN202010778196.2A CN202010778196A CN111788981B CN 111788981 B CN111788981 B CN 111788981B CN 202010778196 A CN202010778196 A CN 202010778196A CN 111788981 B CN111788981 B CN 111788981B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nan mixed forest construction method, which adopts a manual approach to construct a Chinese fir and firepower nan mixed forest with a distribution pattern similar to that of the Chinese fir in a natural forest, and comprises the steps of determining the mixed proportion area of the Chinese fir and firepower nan mixed forest and tending operation of young forests; the method of the invention has the advantages of simple afforestation technology, high afforestation survival rate and excellent forest stand growth performance, can effectively meet the production requirements under the existing conditions, has higher economic benefit and ecological benefit, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest management, and particularly relates to a natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nana mixed forest construction method.
Background
The Fujian province is a key collective forest area in south China and also an important ecological barrier in south China, and Shandong forest is a great characteristic and advantage of Fujian. According to the eighth forest resource clearing report in the country, the forest area of Fujian province is 801.27 kilohm2Forest coverage rate is 65.95%; forest accumulation reaches 60796.15 km3Wherein the artificial forest is accumulated 24853.23 km3. In the wood species for the forest of Fujian manmade trees, along with the influence of pine wood nematodes of Pinus massoniana in recent years, the Chinese fir becomes the most important fast-growing wood species, the area of the Chinese fir accounts for about 46 percent of the total area of the forest of Fujian province, and the Chinese fir becomes the first choice of the forest farmer for delightful and rich forest in mountainous areas.
The forestry production practice for a long time shows that due to the influence of biological characteristics and traditional cultivation modes of the fir, the problems of land fertility decline, forest stand environment deterioration and the like caused by pure fir continuous cultivation reduce the forest stand quality and influence the sustainable management of artificial fir forest lands. Because the fir has the advantages of fast growth, high outturn rate, less diseases and pests and the like, forest farmers generally like planting the fir, and most of woodlands enter or are about to enter the third-generation continuous planting operation at present. Therefore, how to change the traditional pure fir forest management method, improve the stand quality of the artificial fir forest, and realize the sustainable management of the fir forest land becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by current forestry workers.
A large number of researches show that the construction of the fir broad mixed forest is a better solution for solving the problems of yield reduction and the like caused by fir continuous planting. For this reason, since the 80 s of the last century, many forestry workers have built vast mixed forests of different types from mixed tree species composition, mixed plant ratio examples and mixed modes. However, the traditional mixed mode ignores the difference of the growth speed among the tree species and a plurality of problems in forestation density and forest management, so that the mixed effect of the broad mixed forest of the fir is poor and the expected purpose is not achieved.
Aiming at the problems of unsatisfactory effect and the like of the traditional Chinese fir broad mixed forest, the inventor finds that: in natural forests, fir trees are distributed in an aggregated form, and fir trees grow among broad-leaved trees. Therefore, according to the distribution pattern of the fir and other broad-leaved tree species in the natural fir forest, the natural-like fir broad mixed forest is artificially constructed to solve various problems in the current fir continuous planting process, and the method has good application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for building an imitated natural fir and firepower nana mixed forest, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method adopts the imitated natural fir and firepower nana mixed forest afforestation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a natural-imitation fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a fir continuous planting land for 2 generations or more of forests in an afforestation land, wherein the status index is 16 or more, and the plot is a relatively gentle cut plot;
(2) adopting a strip land preparation mode to clean cutting residues on the cut land;
(3) afforestation is carried out in 1-3 months in spring every year;
(4) the Chinese fir used for afforestation is a seedling or a good clone bred by seeds in a third generation seed orchard, the Chinese fir and the firepower nanmu are all seedlings for 1 year, the specification of the seedlings reaches the national first-class seedling standard, the specification of afforestation digging holes is 40 cm multiplied by 30 cm, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are applied before afforestation as base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 0.3 kg per plant;
(5) in the mixed-crossing afforestation mode, the mixed-crossing area ratio is that fir to firepower nan =1:1.5, fir is planted in the inner circle, and firepower nan is planted in the outer circle; wherein the fir afforestation density is 2500 strains/hm2The row spacing of the plants is 2 m multiplied by 2 m; the planting density of the fire nanmu is 2500 plants/hm2The row spacing of the plants is 2 m multiplied by 2 m;
(6) tending the young forest.
The nursery for the young forest in the step (6) specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, after mixed crossing and afforestation, hole expanding, hilling, seedling support and fertilization are carried out in the current 4 months, and 0.1 Kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant; ridging in 5 months, with a hoe and sprout removal; hoe is arranged at 9-10 months; investigating afforestation survival rate at the end of 12 months, and simultaneously carrying out replanting work;
② in the 2 nd year and 4 months of mixed afforestation, hoeing, applying 0.2 Kg of compound fertilizer per plant; hoe is arranged at 9-10 months;
③ 4-5 months of mixed afforestation in 3 rd year with hoe; cleaving grass in 9-10 months;
fourthly, cutting off a side branch close to the ground after the forest stand is initially closed in the 4 th year of mixed forestation;
(7) forest stand intermediate cutting and main cutting updating
The forest stand intermediate cutting and main cutting updating measures in the step (7) specifically comprise the following steps:
1) after 8 years of mixed forestation, performing light-transmitting cutting, and cutting off pressed trees, diseased trees, dead trees, fir trees and firepower nanmu;
2) after mixed afforestation for 14 years, selective cutting is carried out, small and big trees are left, and single plants with weak growth vigor, fir trees and firepower are cut offNanmu retained density 1650 strains/hm2；
3) After 25 years of mixed forestation, main cutting of the fir is carried out, the main cutting of the fir adopts bulk main cutting, and the firepower nan is protected; the Chinese fir cutting land adopts the bulk updating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the traditional Chinese fir broad mixed forest construction is mainly determined according to the plant number ratio, but the invention is determined according to the planting area ratio of mixed tree species, and has the advantages of low construction cost, easy grasp of forest stand management technology and stronger operability; 2. in the past, when the fir broad-block mixed forest is built, the block sizes of the fir and the broad-leaf trees have randomness. The determined optimal mixing proportion area of the fir and the firepower nanmu not only can exert the economic benefit of the fir firenanmu mixed forest to the maximum extent, but also can keep the long-term productivity of the forest land, has remarkable ecological benefit and can realize economic and ecological win-win.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a natural fir-like and firepower nanmu-like mixed forest building mode.
Detailed Description
For further disclosure, but not limitation, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The invention relates to a method for building a natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nana mixed forest, which comprises the following basic steps:
firstly, selecting a fir continuous planting 2 generations of forest land or more in an afforestation land, wherein the position index is 16 or more, and the topography is gentle and gentle in cutting land;
secondly, adopting a strip-shaped land preparation mode to clean cutting residues on the cut land;
③ afforestation is carried out in 1-3 months in spring every year;
fourthly, the fir used for afforestation is a seedling or excellent clone bred by the seeds of a third generation seed garden, the fir and the firepower nanmu are all seedlings of 1 year, the specification of the seedlings reaches the national first-class seedling standard, the specification of the hole digging for afforestation is 40 cm multiplied by 30 cm, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are applied before afforestation as base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 0.3 kg per plant;
fifthly, adopting a mixed area ratio of fir to firepower nanmu =1:1.5 in a mixed afforestation mode; the fir afforestation density is as follows: 2500 strain/hm2The plants are planted in a bulk shape as shown in a schematic diagram of figure 1, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are 2 m multiplied by 2 m. The density of the forestation of the firepower nanmu is as follows: 2500 strain/hm2Planting around the Chinese fir wood with the plant-row spacing of 2 m × 2 m. As shown in fig. 1, the firewood is planted on the inner ring and the fir wood is planted on the outer ring, the actual afforestation areas of the fir wood and the firewood are determined according to the afforestation areas, but the area proportion between the actual afforestation areas is fixed, namely the fir wood: machilus pauhoi =1: 1.5.
Sixthly, after mixed crossing and afforestation, expanding holes, hilling, supporting seedlings and fertilizing in 4 months of the year, and applying 0.1 Kg of compound fertilizer per plant; ridging in 5 months, with a hoe and sprout removal; hoe is arranged at 9-10 months; investigating afforestation survival rate at the end of 12 months, and simultaneously carrying out replanting work; hoeing in the 2 nd year and 4 months of mixed forestation, and applying 0.2 Kg of compound fertilizer per plant; the hoe is arranged at 9-10 months. 4, 4-5 months of mixed afforestation and hoe; and (5) splitting grass in 9-10 months. And (3) cutting off a wheel side branch close to the ground after the forest stand is initially closed in the 4 th year of mixed forestation.
Seventhly, after 8 years of mixed afforestation, light-transmitting felling is carried out, pressed trees, diseased trees, withered and dead trees, fir trees and firepower nanmu are cut off, and the density is kept 1950 plants/hm2. After mixed hybridization afforestation for 14 years, selective cutting is carried out, small and large plants are cut, the single plants with weak growth vigor are cut off, and the density of the fir and the firepower nanmu is kept to be 1650 plants/hm2。
And eighthly, after 25 years of mixed afforestation, main cutting of the fir is carried out, the main cutting of the fir adopts bulk main cutting, and the fire nan is protected. The Chinese fir cutting land adopts the bulk updating.
The following further description will be made with reference to the test results of example 1 and control groups 1 and 2
The implementation place is as follows: national forest farm of Yankou province of Fujian province
And selecting a continuous planting 2 generation land with gentle topography and the artificial fir forest cutting land with the same slope as an experimental land in the national forest field of the Yangjin province of Fujian province in the early 2018 year. The test design is shown in table 1, the felling residues are cleaned in a belt land preparation mode, the land preparation specification is 40 cm multiplied by 30 cm, and the afforestation density of the test land is 2500 plants/hm2The plant row spacing is 2 m multiplied by 2 m, the base fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the fertilizing amount is 0.2 kg, the Chinese fir seedlings adopt 'Yang061' Chinese fir excellent clone 1-year-old bare-rooted seedlings, and the average seedlingsThe height is 50 cm, the firepower nan adopts an annual light medium seedling of fine variety cultivated by Nanping Senaceae, and the average seedling height is 35 cm. The bulk blending adopts concentric circles to build a fir broad blending forest, the fir trees are planted in the inner circle, the firepower nan is planted in the outer circle, a pattern that the fir trees grow in broad-leaved trees is formed, and the bulk blending area ratio is that the fir trees to the firepower nan is =1: 1.5. As shown in fig. 1, the firepower nan is planted on the inner circle of the fir, the actual afforestation area of the fir and the firepower nan on the inner circle and the outer circle is determined according to the afforestation area, but the area ratio between the fir and the firepower nan is fixed, namely the fir: machilus pauhoi =1: 1.5.
The experimental results show (table 2): the mixed forest constructed by adopting the natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed method in the embodiment 1 has a remarkable promoting effect on the growth of the Chinese fir and the firepower nanmu in a new forest, wherein the height and the ground diameter of the Chinese fir in the mixed forest are respectively improved by 9.61 percent and 13.41 percent compared with those of the Chinese fir in the pure forest, and the height and the ground diameter of the firepower nanmu in the mixed forest are respectively improved by 9.79 percent and 3.41 percent compared with those of the firepower nanmu in the pure forest. In addition, the crown width of the fir and the firepower nanmu in the mixed forest is also larger than that of the pure forest. After mixed crossing, the growth of the tree species plays a mutual promotion role.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A natural-imitation fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a fir continuous planting 2 generations of forest land or more in the afforestation land, wherein the position index is 16 or more, and the plot is a relatively gentle cutting land;
(2) adopting a strip land preparation mode to clean cutting residues on the cut land;
(3) afforestation is carried out in 1-3 months in spring every year;
(4) the Chinese fir used for afforestation is a seedling or a good clone bred by seeds in a third generation seed orchard, the Chinese fir and the firepower nanmu are all seedlings for 1 year, the specification of the seedlings reaches the national first-class seedling standard, the specification of afforestation digging holes is 40 cm multiplied by 30 cm, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are applied before afforestation as base fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 0.3 kg per plant;
(5) in the mixed-crossing afforestation mode, the mixed-crossing area ratio is that fir to firepower nanmu =1:1.5, fir is planted in the inner circle, and firepower nanmu is planted in the outer circle; wherein the fir afforestation density is 2500 strains/hm2The row spacing of the plants is 2 m multiplied by 2 m; the planting density of the fire nanmu is 2500 plants/hm2The row spacing of the plants is 2 m multiplied by 2 m;
(6) tending the young forest;
(7) forest stand intermediate cutting and main cutting updating;
the nursery for the young forest in the step (6) specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, after mixed crossing and afforestation, hole expanding, hilling, seedling support and fertilization are carried out in the current 4 months, and 0.1 Kg of compound fertilizer is applied per plant; ridging in 5 months, with a hoe and sprout removal; hoe is arranged at 9-10 months; investigating afforestation survival rate at the end of 12 months, and simultaneously carrying out replanting work;
② in the 2 nd year and 4 months of mixed afforestation, hoeing, applying 0.2 Kg of compound fertilizer per plant; hoe is arranged at 9-10 months;
③ 4-5 months of mixed afforestation in 3 rd year with hoe; cleaving grass in 9-10 months;
fourthly, cutting off a side branch close to the ground after the forest stand is initially closed in the 4 th year of mixed forestation;
the forest stand intermediate cutting and main cutting updating measures in the step (7) specifically comprise the following steps:
1) after mixed afforestation for 8 years, the mixed afforestation is carried out, and pressed trees, diseased trees, dead trees and fir and firepower nanmu are cut off, the reserved density of 1950 plants/hm2；
2) After mixed hybridization afforestation for 14 years, selective cutting is carried out, small and large plants are cut, the single plants with weak growth vigor are cut off, and the density of the fir and the firepower nanmu is kept to be 1650 plants/hm2；
3) After 25 years of mixed forestation, main cutting of the fir is carried out, the main cutting of the fir adopts bulk main cutting, and the firepower nan is protected; the Chinese fir cutting land adopts the bulk updating.
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| CN113141964B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2023-02-28 | 中南林业科技大学 | Planting method of long-acting carbon-neutralized forest in subtropical regions |
| CN114303860A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江西省林业科学院 | Method for mixed forestation of China fir and nanmu |
| CN114946508A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 海南省农业科学院热带园艺研究所 | Ecological restoration method suitable for Hainan Sansha island |
| CN115191311A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-18 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 | Fir artificial forest and its modification method and application |
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