CN114946508A - Ecological restoration method suitable for Hainan Sansha island - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method suitable for Hainan Sansha island Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946508A CN114946508A CN202210713334.8A CN202210713334A CN114946508A CN 114946508 A CN114946508 A CN 114946508A CN 202210713334 A CN202210713334 A CN 202210713334A CN 114946508 A CN114946508 A CN 114946508A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and discloses a method suitable for ecological restoration of Hainan Sansha island, which comprises the following steps: screening out special local plants suitable for the growth of the Sansha island in a special environment; selecting 8-10 months of each year in the planting season; firstly digging planting holes, and preparing slow release fertilizer and water retention agent according to the number of plants planted with nursery stocks; planting 3-5 rows of the dewlap as the dewlap belt in a concentric circle planting method from 8 meters at the periphery of the coastline, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 5 m; planting 4-6 rows of pittosporum tobira as pittosporum tobira zones, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 3m multiplied by 4 m; planting the quanlang trees 3-5 to act as quanlang tree strips, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4 m; planting 8-15 lines of coconut trees as coconut strips, planting row spacing of 5m multiplied by 7m, realizing strip planting, and performing block mixed crossing in an area which is 8 meters away from the coconut strips. The invention can construct vegetation ecosystem with good three sands as soon as possible, exert the corresponding ecological functions of wind prevention, sand fixation and the like, and build the livable ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly discloses a method suitable for ecological restoration of Hainan Sansha island.
Background
The three sands have abundant rainfall, sufficient heat and no four seasons, the average temperature is 26.5 ℃, the annual rainfall is about 1500mm, the weather is equatorial tropical climate, the altitude of the island is several meters to dozens of meters, some islands are often submerged by seawater in typhoon seasons, most of the island soil is sandy loam, tight sand soil and loose sand soil, the content of sticky grains is very low, and the sticky grains are only a few percent or even not contained. The coral reef sand is lack of a soil structure, has poor water and fertilizer retention, is coral sand in soil quality, has no desalination, is lack of fresh water and nutrients, and has the characteristics of extreme environment such as local high temperature, high salt, strong light, strong normal wind, relatively concentrated annual typhoon landing, quite clear rainy and dry seasons and the like, so that common plants are extremely difficult to survive. The soldiers in the islands have been planting trees and afforestation continuously for decades, but the effect is little.
The main reasons for this are: 1. the planting and matching of tree species lack scientific planning. 2. On an island without seawater desalination, seawater desalination equipment is not provided, and the island can only be watered by raining in the sky. 3. When trees and shrubs are planted, single plants are adopted, and the seedlings are broken by strong wind before rooting, so that the survival rate is extremely low; 4. the survival rate of the nursery stock is not high.
In order to construct a good vegetation ecosystem with three sands as soon as possible, exert the corresponding ecological functions of wind prevention, sand fixation and the like, and build a livable ecological environment, a method suitable for ecological restoration of a Hainan three-sand island is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method suitable for ecological restoration of a sea-south three-sand island, so as to construct a vegetation ecological system with good three-sand as soon as possible, exert corresponding ecological functions of wind prevention, sand fixation and the like, and build a livable ecological environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a method suitable for ecological restoration of Hainan Sansha island comprises the following steps:
screening green seedlings:
screening out special local plants suitable for the growth of the Sansha island in a special environment;
selecting a planting season:
selecting 8-10 months of each year in the planting season;
pre-treatment of planting:
firstly digging planting holes, wherein the planting holes are 60cm deep and 60cm wide, preparing slow release fertilizer and water retention agent according to the number of plants for planting nursery stocks, filling fresh water into a water bucket for soaking the water retention agent for 12 hours for later use, then putting 5kg of organic microbial fertilizer into each planting hole, and then putting 5 kg/hole of the water retention agent which is swelled and soaked for 12 hours;
planting green seedlings in a matched mode:
planting 3-5 rows of the dewlap as the dewlap belt in a concentric circle planting method from 8 meters at the periphery of the coastline, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 5 m;
planting 4-6 rows of pittosporum tobira as pittosporum tobira zones, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 3m multiplied by 4 m;
planting the quanlang trees 3-5 to act as quanlang tree strips, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4 m;
planting 8-15 lines of coconut trees as coconut strips, planting row spacing of 5m multiplied by 7m, realizing strip planting, and performing block mixed crossing in an area which is 8 meters away from the coconut strips.
Further, the manner of bulk blending in S4 is: mixing herba Ephedrae, SUANDOUSHU, and cortex Hibisci at a plant spacing of 4m × 5 m.
Furthermore, the cauliflower, the casuarina equisetifolia, the sour bean trees and the hibiscus syriacus are planted at the position 100cm away from the rhizosphere, the spilanthes are planted in a flaky mode, and about 30 plants are planted per square meter.
Furthermore, cyperus rotundus seeds are planted in the bare open spaces of the islands in a ditch-like manner, and the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 20cm multiplied by 20 cm.
Furthermore, each seedling is planted and then filled with coral sand to be tamped.
Further, the slow release fertilizer is an organic microbial fertilizer.
Further, the water-retaining agent is XL2 standard.
Furthermore, after each seedling grows normally, flowering shrubs are dotted according to landscape needs.
Further, the flowering shrubs are: bougainvillea spectabilis, or phoenix, or oleander.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the technical scheme in the scheme is convenient and easy to implement, and the ecological restoration cost is greatly reduced;
(2) the scheme realizes the ecological restoration purpose of quickly constructing vegetation communities, having high survival rate and low maintenance cost in the Sansha island, and can maintain high-quality landscape effect by means of natural rainfall after forestation;
(3) the method has the advantages of wide sources of the seedling materials for the coastal and rural soil greening, easy material acquisition, accordance with the principle of being suitable for trees in a suitable place, no hidden danger of invasion of foreign species, easy formation of stable tropical coastal characteristic scenery, and easy construction and maintenance.
Of course, implementing the solution of the present application does not necessarily require achieving all the technical effects described above at the same time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method suitable for ecological restoration of a three-sand island in the south of the hai in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a method suitable for ecological restoration of the three-sand island in the south of the hai in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
substantially as shown in figures 1 and 2: a method suitable for ecological restoration of Hainan Sansha island, which comprises the following steps,
screening green seedlings: and characteristic local plants suitable for the growth of the Sansha island in a special environment are screened out through systematic research and experiments. In this embodiment, the characteristic local plants mainly include arbors, shrubs and groundcover.
The arbors mainly comprise: (1) the coconut (with the scientific name of Cocos nucifera L.) is a plant of the genus Cocos of the family Palmae, which is tall and arborous, grows at a height of 15-30 m and has drought-resistant, wind-resistant, saline-alkali resistant and barren-resistant tree species. (2) Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina equisetifolia), also known as Ephedra brevicaulis, Psychotria lappa and cauda equiseti, are evergreen trees of the genus Murraya of the family Murrayaceae, the height can reach 20 meters or more, and the Casuarina equisetifolia has drought resistance, wind resistance, saline-alkali resistance and barren resistance. (3) The sour bean (its name is Tamarindus indica) is evergreen, up to 25 m, with longitudinally split bark. The product is most suitable for growing in areas with high temperature, long sunshine, dry climate and clear dry and wet seasons, has strong vitality, is evergreen in four seasons and has beautiful tree shape, is a better windbreak forest and has high utilization value. (4) The Hibiscus syriacus (Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.) is evergreen shrub or arbor of Hibiscus of Malvaceae, and has a height of 4-10 m and a diameter of 60 cm. The soil is pleased with light, pleased with warm and humid climate, has strong adaptability, is slightly resistant to yin, cold, water and humidity, drought and barren, has low requirement on soil quality, only needs good drainage and flourishes growth on fertile and humid soil.
The shrubs mainly comprise: (1) the Pandanus tectorius Sol is a plant under the Pandanus, is a pioneer plant with strongest sand-fixing and wind-resisting property, is produced in provinces such as Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and the like, is also distributed in tropical zone of Asia and south Australia, and is grown in coastal sandy land or introduced as a hedge. (2) The quassia (Cleriodendrim inerme), also called xu tree, false jasmine, and Haifengshan, belongs to Verbenaceae family Clerodendrum, climbing shrub, standing upright or lying down, and can reach 2 meters. Has drought resistance, wind resistance, saline-alkali resistance and barren resistance. (3) Pittosporum tobira (scaivola sericea): also called as fern, is a perennial evergreen sub-shrub plant (or small arbor) of the family Aleurites praecox, is 1-3m high, and has drought resistance, wind resistance, saline-alkali resistance and barren resistance.
The ground quilt is mainly: (1) spider orchid Amaryllidaceae Amaranthus genus plant, alias: the plant height can reach 60 cm. (2) Cyperus rotundus L is a plant of Cyperaceae, Cyperus. The creeping rhizomes are long and have elliptic tubers, and are ground cover plants with strongest regeneration capacity for fixing sand and covering green.
Selecting a planting season: the planting season is selected in 8-10 months of each year. The Sansha islands have abundant rainfall, the annual rainfall is about 1500mm, but 70-80% of the rainfall is 8-10 months per year, the rainfall is not uniform in months, the rainy season is obvious in dry and rainy seasons, most of the Sansha islands are not occupied by people and lack of fresh water, the long-distance fresh water irrigation maintenance is obviously unrealistic, therefore, the tree planting and afforestation are selected in the season, abundant natural rainfall irrigation can be obtained within two months after the nursery stocks are planted, and the higher survival rate of the nursery stocks can be ensured.
Pre-treatment of planting: firstly digging planting holes with the specification of 60cm depth and 60cm width, then preparing the slow-release organic microbial fertilizer and the dosage of the water retention agent with the specification of XL2 according to the number of planted seedlings, pulling to the destination before planting, filling fresh water into a water bucket for soaking the water retention agent for 12 hours for later use, then placing 5kg of organic microbial fertilizer into each planting hole, and then placing 5 kg/hole of the water retention agent which expands after being soaked for 12 hours. 2 coco plants are planted in each hole; planting 5 casuarina equisetifolia plants in each hole; planting 2-3 plants in each acupoint of Subprostrate sophora, hibiscus, Pandanus avellana, Aleurites fordii, and Aleurites fordii; planting about 30 plants in spider orchid per square meter; the row spacing of the cyperus rotundus seeds is 20cm multiplied by 20cm, and coral sand is backfilled after each seedling is planted to be solid. In the embodiment, the slow release fertilizer is in an organic microbial fertilizer type, the slow release fertilizer is granular, the water-retaining agent is XL 2-sized super absorbent resin, the water absorption performance is 1000-3000 times of the self weight of the slow release fertilizer, the micro-environment is improved by absorbing water and slowly expanding and withdrawing soil according to the requirement of a root system, microbes and earthworms are cultivated to micro-harmoniate the rhizosphere and promote the roots and the plants to be strong, the water-retaining agent stores water in rainy season, water is continuously provided for the nursery stock in drought, and the water supply of the nursery stock within 2 years is ensured to ensure the normal growth of the nursery stock.
Planting green seedlings in a matched mode: planting 3-5 rows of the dewlap as the dewlap belt in a concentric circle planting method from 8 meters at the periphery of the coastline, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 5 m; planting 4-6 rows of pittosporum tobira as pittosporum tobira zones, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 3m multiplied by 4 m; planting the quanlang tree 3-5 into quanlang tree belts, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4m, planting coconuts 8-15 rows as coconut belts, and the row spacing is 5m multiplied by 7m, realizing belt planting, and then carrying out block mixed crossing in an area which is 8 m away from the coconut belts, namely carrying out block mixed crossing on the casuarina equisetifolia, the sour bean tree and the hibiscus syriacus according to the row spacing of 4m multiplied by 5 m. The block-shaped mixed mode is as follows: planting spider orchids at the position 100cm away from the rhizosphere from the bottoms of coconut trees, casuarina equisetifolia, sour bean trees and hibiscus syriacus, and planting about 30 plants per square meter by adopting sheet planting; the seeds of the cyperus rotundus are planted in the bare open land ditch-shaped island, and the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 20 centimeters multiplied by 20 centimeters. After each seedling grows normally, according to the landscape needs, flowering shrubs such as bougainvillea glabra, phoenix dactylifera and oleander can be dotted, and tropical fruit trees such as guava, syzygium samarangense and custard apple can be planted to form a tropical coastal island with fragrant flowers and fruits and being spring in four seasons.
In the embodiment, a plurality of plants are planted in each hole of the coconut tree, the casuarina equisetifolia, the sour bean tree, the hibiscus syriacus, the panda, the taro tree and the pittosporum tobira, so that the effect of cohesive force growth is achieved, and the influence on the normal growth of seedlings caused by the breakage of the seedlings when the seedlings are attacked by strong typhoon or submerged in strong water is avoided.
In conclusion, in the embodiment, the advantages of the plants are reasonably arranged from the coastline to the center of the island according to the wind resistance of the plants, so that good vegetation communities are formed on the island without seawater desalination, the planting season is 8-10 months of sufficient rainwater, the unmanned island cannot be watered and maintained by pulling fresh water from a long distance in the early planting stage, seawater desalination equipment is not available, the unmanned island can be watered only by raining in the rainy day, and a proper amount of water-retaining agent is added to each pit during planting, so that the survival rate of seedlings can be greatly improved.
Namely, the embodiment is convenient and easy to implement, and the ecological restoration cost is greatly reduced; the ecological restoration aims of quickly constructing vegetation communities, having high survival rate and low maintenance cost in the Sansha island are fulfilled, and the high-quality landscape effect can be maintained by means of natural rainfall after forestation; the material source of the seedling for the marine and rural soil greening is wide, the material is easy to obtain, the seedling accords with the principle of being suitable for trees in a suitable place, the hidden danger of invasion of foreign species does not exist, stable tropical coastal characteristic wind and light are easy to form, and the construction and the maintenance are easy.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of specific structures and/or features of the invention has not been set forth herein in any way. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method suitable for ecological restoration of Hainan Sansha island is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
screening green seedlings:
screening out special local plants suitable for the growth of the Sansha island in a special environment;
selecting a planting season:
selecting 8-10 months of each year in the planting season;
pre-treatment of planting:
firstly digging planting holes, wherein the planting holes are 60cm deep and 60cm wide, preparing slow release fertilizer and water retention agent according to the number of plants for planting nursery stocks, filling fresh water into a water bucket for soaking the water retention agent for 12 hours for later use, then putting 5kg of organic microbial fertilizer into each planting hole, and then putting 5 kg/hole of the water retention agent which is swelled and soaked for 12 hours;
planting green seedlings in a matched mode:
planting 3-5 rows of the dewlap as the dewlap belt in a concentric circle planting method from 8 meters at the periphery of the coastline, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 5 m;
planting 4-6 rows of pittosporum tobira as pittosporum tobira zones, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 3m multiplied by 4 m;
planting the quanlang trees 3-5 to act as quanlang tree strips, wherein the row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4 m;
planting 8-15 lines of coconut trees as coconut strips, planting row spacing of 5m multiplied by 7m, realizing strip planting, and performing block mixed crossing in an area which is 8 meters away from the coconut strips.
2. The method suitable for ecological restoration of the sea-south three-sand island according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the block mixing mode in the S4 is as follows: mixing herba Ephedrae, SUANDOUSHU, and cortex Hibisci at a plant spacing of 4m × 5 m.
3. The method suitable for ecological restoration of the sea-south three-sand island according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: planting spider orchids at the distance of 100cm from the root of coconut tree, casuarina equisetifolia, sour bean tree and hibiscus syriacus, and planting in a flaky form with about 30 plants per square meter.
4. The method suitable for ecological restoration of the sea-south three-sand island according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cyperus rotundus seeds are planted in the bare open land of the island in a ditch shape, and the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 20cm multiplied by 20 cm.
5. The method suitable for ecological restoration of three-sand island under Hainan according to claim 4, wherein: and backfilling coral sand to be tamped after each seedling is planted.
6. The method for ecological restoration of the Hainan Sansha island according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the slow release fertilizer is organic microbial fertilizer.
7. The method for ecologically restoring three-sand island in Hainan according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water-retaining agent is XL2 specification.
8. The method suitable for ecological restoration of the sea-south three-sand island according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after each seedling grows normally, the flowering shrubs are dotted according to landscape needs.
9. The method for ecological restoration of the sea-south three-sand island according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the flowering shrubs are as follows: bougainvillea spectabilis, or phoenix, or oleander.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106376414A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 佛山市林业科学研究所 | Constructing method for urban ecological protection forest |
| CN108605572A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A method of structure coral island shelter-forest |
| CN111788981A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-20 | 福建农林大学 | Natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method |
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- 2022-06-22 CN CN202210713334.8A patent/CN114946508A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106376414A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 佛山市林业科学研究所 | Constructing method for urban ecological protection forest |
| CN108605572A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A method of structure coral island shelter-forest |
| CN111788981A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-20 | 福建农林大学 | Natural-imitated Chinese fir and firepower nanmu mixed forest construction method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 赵一鹏等: "《山区造林绿化技术》", vol. 1, 中原农民出版社, pages: 71 * |
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