CN102860200A - Method for forming turf by broadcasting aspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for forming turf by broadcasting aspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming turf by broadcasting aspalum vaginatum grass blade in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps of: a, field parcel treatment; b, seedling selection; c, sowing; d, planting; e, net peeling; and f, field management. The turf planted by grass blade broadcast earthing has the advantages of high turf forming speed, good growth uniformity, high turf quality, beautiful sight, turf formation without replaced soil, easy operation, labor and force saving and low production cost, and is a high-quality, high-efficiency and ecological turf planting mode for newly enclosed coast greening.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate in particular to that the grass blade of paspalum vaginatum broadcasts sowing stage lawn formation method on the saline land.
(2) background technology
Along with the polder exploitation, in the urgent need to carrying out afforestation to newly enclosing tidal land, in recent years, the soil moved in to improve the original greening accounts for sizable ratio in the existing beach saline land afforestation mode of China.The soil moved in to improve the original plantation is carried out in key sections, key project, roadside greening, it is the effective means that gets quick results, but extensive soil moved in to improve the original digs fortune and has not only destroyed nonlocal land resources topography and geomorphology, also destroyed the former soil resource in the original soil location in soil moved in to improve the original location, and saline-alkali soil has it self evolution succession of herbaceous, from the land ecology angle, because subterranean water level raises, evaporation discharge strengthens, the trend of soil moved in to improve the original generation secondary salinization is difficult to avoid, be unfavorable for the improvement of saline-alkali soil, aggravated to a certain extent the further deterioration of ecotope; Simultaneously soil moved in to improve the original greening cost is huge, the soil moved in to improve the original expense accounts for 2/3 of greenery patches cost, add that mostly the soil moved in to improve the original lawn planting is cold season import lawn, the summer that the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious, a little less than the cold-season turfgrass growth potential, need a large amount of fresh water pouring ability over summerings, maintenance, management cost are increased progressively, limited the further expansion of beach green coverage.
A large amount of practice both at home and abroad and studies show that relies on that to emphasize to improve the measure of soil and ignore the biology measure be ill-considered merely, only has in conjunction with the biology measure, and the salt-resistance that improves plant conforms it, just can obtain good effect.
Paspalum vaginatum has strong salt resistance, can be grown in total salt content is 0.8～1.0% marine solonchak, suitable pH value scope is 3.6-10.2, has the strong characteristics that form easily group of growth potential, is the pionner of suitable China southeastern coast area and island improvement solonchak, grassland establishment.Seawater floods (short-term), immersion (longer-term) all can be stood, and can be used for the turf establishment of the poor region of all kinds of sports grounds, airport, family expenses lawn, commercial landscape green space, roadside and the drainage performances such as golf course, football pitch, ball park.Yet the selfing of current paspalum vaginatum varieties of plant is shaky, can only vegetative propagation, mostly adopt careless piece or turf planting, and exist with short production cyclely, production cost is high, is limiting large-scale production and applies.
(3) summary of the invention
In order to overcome deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of on the saline land method on the fast rapid-result level ground of planting paspalum vaginatum, not only simple to operate, save labor and production cost lower, the demand of carrying out afforestation to satisfy the saline land.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is:
A kind of saline land paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, is undertaken by following step:
A, field are processed:
Weed a garden before broadcasting sowing and residual branch dead leaf, then basal dressing evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields to ground, and plowed soils is harrowed the whole thin ground of broken leveling, will hold the irrigation and drainage zanjon successfully around the field.
The selection of b, seedling:
Select the paspalum vaginatum seedling of growth more than 2 years, take the grass blade part, grass blade keeps 2～4 stipes;
C, sowing time:
Mid-April～mid-May in spring, perhaps be the suitable sowing time late September～mid-October in autumn;
D, plantation:
Fine day should in the morning or manually evenly be sprinkling upon on the furrow face at dusk, then cover dried thin mud and the fine sand mixture of thick layer 1～1.5cm at grass blade, the drowning grass blade does not reveal, gently suppression, water permeablely, cover the black sunshade net on the furrow face, then surface is built Xiao Pingpeng, cover the black sunshade net above the little flat canopy, ventilate all around;
E, furrow face sunshade net covered 3 days, after the eustipes part rudiment, removed the black sunshade net on the furrow face, removed the black sunshade net that covers on the little flat canopy after the week.
F, field management:
Mainly include water management and topdress, in time keep the skin wet during arid weather, keep upper soll layer 2～3cm to reach moisture state, during rainy weather, in time trench digging is got rid of field ponding; Return green rear 1 month until the grass blade rudiment, will topdress when lawn leaf look turns yellow green in good time, later growing period topdressed 1 time every 40～50 days.
As preferably, field weeded a garden and residual branch dead leaf before broadcasting sowing grass blade in 10～15 days among the step a, carried out chemical weed control with glyphosate and smart quizalofopethyl, and a week is basal dressing afterwards, every 667m
2Execute organic commercial fertilizer 200～300kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20～30kg, the wide 1.5m～2.0m of the furrow of field, furrow ditch depth 20～25cm.
As preferably, grass blade is the old grass blade at base portion and middle part among the step b, removes tender stem.
As preferably, every 1m in the steps d
2The grass blade seeding quantity is 0.45～0.6kg, the black sunshade net that covers on the furrow face is set to 1～2 layer, and the light transmittance 75%～85% of black sunshade net, vertical 1 timber of the every interval 50cm of little flat canopy or bamboo stake, little flat canopy height is 5～8cm, the black sunshade net that covers on the little flat canopy arranges 1 layer, and its light transmittance is 75%～85%.
As preferably, water when 5:00～7:00 point soil temperature is low in the morning among the step f; When topdressing, the suitable urea 5～10kg/ mu that spreads fertilizer over the fields of soil moisture content waters when upper soll layer 2～3cm arid is turned white and executes.
As preferably, also include disease control among the step f, in time cradle old stem, in time dig trenches to drain the water away, in case rust occurs, select 1500～2000 times of liquid sprayings of 25% trazodone wettable powder control.
Fate among the present invention is large approximate number, because the otherness of plant itself, each is variant in process of growth for it, then the operating time is also variant, covering fate such as black sunshade net on the furrow face among the step e is about 3 days, the grass blade rudiment is returned green rear about 1 month, topdresses when lawn leaf look turns yellow green.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: it is fast that grass blade broadcasts sowing the lawn turf speed of earthing planting, the growth homogeneity is good, turf quality is higher, view is beautiful, do not need the soil moved in to improve the original floor space, operate simple and easyly, save labor, production cost is low, is a kind of high-quality of tidal land greening, efficient, ecological grassland establishment pattern of newly enclosing.
(4) embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention in 2010～20 eight years between 30 ° 02 '～30 ° 24 of north latitude ' and 121 ° 02 '～121 ° 42 of east longitude ' between the Hangzhou Wan development zone in gulf lock shelter belts to protect sea coasts plantation in other 2007 the blocks test of layouting in the road, 16 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, average annual rainfall 1300～1400mm, five to September, account for 60% of annual precipitation, sunshine duration is 1900-2100h.
1, preliminary preparation
(1) Hangzhou Wan newly encloses tidal land ground natural situation and can be summarized as " three height ", " three is large ", and wherein " three height " is that the upper body salt content is high, subterranean water level is high, pH value height; " three is large " is that wind speed is large, evaporation discharge is large, the degree of mineralization of ground water is large.Weather is the north subtropical monsoon climate, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and monsoon is remarkable, obvious rainy season and dry season are arranged, spring rain, plum rains, autumn rain and dry season replace, and the precipitation top is subjected to typhoon influence larger in September in the district, the heavy rain that typhoon brings is the chief threat that causes waterlogging, blow monsoon at ordinary times, the 7-10 month is typhoon influence season more, and wherein the 8-9 month is maximum, account for 72.7% of the whole year, mean wind speed is 3.0m/s for many years.
Soil is the marine solonchak class, and by the mensuration of Various Seasonal his-and-hers watches soil (0-20cm), soil salt content: in spring 1.8 ‰, in summer 6.4 ‰, in autumn 7.6 ‰, in winter 1.2 ‰, autumn, soil salt content was the highest.Soil pH value: spring, soil pH value was 8.47, and be 8.31 summer, and be 8.35 autumn, and be 8.25 winter, and spring, soil pH value was the highest, and winter is minimum.
(2) plant stem and derive from the grass blade of having slapped the Germplasm Resources cultivation of after 10 lunar maria Dallis grass pieces in 2009 are introduced a fine variety, in booth, setting up on the happy farm of sesame.
(3) three kinds of planting patterns of paspalum vaginatum become the level ground test relatively: use respectively paspalum vaginatum grass blade, careless piece, three kinds of different mode plantings of turf Cheng Ping in Lu Zhongwan shelter belts to protect sea coasts zone on March 20th, 2010 and September 25, experimental plot area 1m * 2m, 3 repetitions, randomized arrangement are established in each processing.Plant rear 180 days to becoming the level ground effect to assess, mainly observe the fate of emerging for the examination material, become the level ground fate, decide strain and measure the plant strain growth situation, turfgrass uses Trait evaluation with reference to the evaluation index on U.S. NTEP lawn.Between litter pico farad and careless piece method initial cover degree though to broadcast sowing covering method than grass blade large, little in the cover degree curvilinear motion of these two kinds of establishment methods of duration of test; The initial cover degree of covering method is low although grass blade broadcasts sowing, and it is fast to gather way, and amplitude of variation is particularly evident, increases more than 60%.Hence one can see that, and grass blade broadcasts sowing the initial cover degree of earthing and litters the skin bit method between being starkly lower than, but its turf speed is the fastest, than littering leather and fur piece method fast 3 days.
(4) the Different Weight grass blade broadcasts sowing earthing floor space effect test relatively: by every m
2The paspalum vaginatum grass blade that 0.3kg, 0.45kg, four kinds of weight of 0.6kg and 0.75kg are broadcasted sowing in the land for growing field crops broadcasts sowing planting and becomes the level ground comparative trial, experimental plot area 1m * 2m, and 3 repetitions, randomized arrangement are established in each processing.Result of the test shows that the increase along with density becomes the level ground effect in rising trend, but has arrived 0.6kg/m
2After, increase trend does not just have notable difference, and observes between four processing without obviously difference from the grass blade color yet.Hence one can see that, and grass blade broadcasts sowing in the earthing establishment methods, with 0.45～0.6kg/m
2The grass blade seeding quantity be advisable.
2, basic ideas
(1) prepares the land for growing field crops according to alkaline land soil physico-chemical analysis result; (2) select the paspalum vaginatum grass blade that is suitable for breeding; (3) suitable sowing time; (4) an amount of grass blade seeding quantity; (5) rationally use cladding material and covering method.(6) rational rich water quality management technology.
3, concrete scheme
A kind of saline land paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, is undertaken by following step:
A, field are processed:
Field weeded a garden before broadcasting sowing grass blade and residual branch dead leaf in 10～15 days, carried out chemical weed control with glyphosate and smart quizalofopethyl, and a week is basal dressing afterwards, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields to ground every 667m
2Execute organic commercial fertilizer 200～300kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20～30kg, plowed soils is harrowed the whole thin ground of broken leveling, will hold the irrigation and drainage zanjon successfully, the wide 1.5m～2.0m of the furrow of field, furrow ditch depth 20～25cm around the field.
The selection of b, seedling:
Select the paspalum vaginatum of growth more than 2 years, the old stem root of hair reproduction ability at base portion and middle part is strong, sows current morning, cut off grass blade with artificial reaping hook flush with ground, cut off grass blade with grass cutter, it is good keeping 2～4 sturdy stipes as the grass blade of sowing, and removes tender stem;
C, sowing time:
Temperature grass blade is survived and affects on the growth maximum, broadcast sowing is a very important link in good time, with 15～20 ℃ of mean temperature of air spring mid-April～mid-May, autumn late September～mid-October 20～25 ℃ of mean temperature of air the most suitable;
D, plantation:
Fine day should in the morning or manually evenly be sprinkling upon on the furrow face every 1m at dusk
2The grass blade seeding quantity is 0.45～0.6kg, then cover dried thin mud and the fine sand mixture of the about 1～1.5cm of thick layer at grass blade, the drowning grass blade does not reveal, and suppression is watered permeable gently, cover the black sunshade net of 1～2 layer of light transmittance 85% on the furrow face, then surface is built Xiao Pingpeng, vertical 1 timber of the every interval 50cm of little flat canopy or bamboo stake, and little flat canopy height is 5～8cm, cover the black sunshade net of one deck light transmittance 85% above the little flat canopy, ventilate all around;
E, furrow face black sunshade net covered about 3 days, after the eustipes part rudiment, removed the black sunshade net on the furrow face, removed the black sunshade net that covers on the little flat canopy after the week.
F, field management:
(1) water management
It is water management that grass blade is bred one of main key measure of the higher planting percent of acquisition, before broadcasting sowing, the seedbed soil moisture content is wanted foot, grass blade after planting will water permeable, during arid weather, as meet with and continue 3～5 light average rainfalls and be lower than 2～3m, grass blade returns and will in time keep the skin wet equably on the furrow face before green, keep upper soll layer 2～3cm to reach moisture state, water the grass blade growing period when generally 5:00～7:00 point soil temperature is low in the morning, often be subjected to spring rain, the impact of plum rains and the rainy weather of autumn rain, to excavate zanjon all around, simultaneously, be subjected to the farming operating influence, the furrow ditch is filled and led up gradually, also in time ditch, in order to get rid of field ponding, to avoid the diseases such as rust;
(2) topdress
Return green rear about 1 month until the grass blade rudiment, when turning yellow green, lawn leaf look to topdress in good time, suitable such as soil moisture content, it is moistening namely to keep upper soll layer 2～3cm, can spread fertilizer over the fields urea 5～10kg/ mu, can water when upper soll layer 2～3cm arid is turned white and execute, later growing period topdressed 1 time every 40～50 days;
(3) disease control
Paspalum vaginatum interior Major Diseases in vegetative period is rust, growth animated period humidity easily occurs when larger, to in time cradle old stem, especially run into cloudy weather for several days running weather, the reduction field humidity in time dig trenches to drain the water away, in case the generation disease can be selected 1500～2000 times of liquid sprayings of 25% trazodone wettable powder control.
The research of this technology and perfect, will be to newly enclosing under tidal land ground " three height (the upper body salt content is high, subterranean water level is high, pH value high) ", " three greatly (wind speed is large, evaporation discharge is large, the degree of mineralization of ground water large) " natural environmental condition, it is the greening technique measure of the quick planting Cheng Ping of paspalum vaginatum, it is short that grass blade broadcasts sowing the cycle that forms the lawn, fast growth, only need about 50 days, turf speed is than littering leather and fur piece method fast 3 days, the lawn homogeneity is good, densification is smooth, turf quality is higher, and view is beautiful.It is low that grass blade broadcasts sowing the stage lawn formation method production cost, do not need soil moved in to improve the original, operate simple and easy, saving of labor, laborsaving, every 667m
2More than 600 yuan, amount of decrease reaches 18% to cost of investment than Manila, traditional saline land floor space cost reduction; Paspalum vaginatum grass blade seedling concentrates in the booth and cultivates, and the farmland occupancy is compressed to minimum level, and shared agricultural land soil is not destroyed, and is conducive to preserve the ecological environment, and economy and ecological benefits are remarkable.
Claims (6)
1. a saline land paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
A, field are processed:
Weed a garden before broadcasting sowing and residual branch dead leaf, then basal dressing evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields to ground, and plowed soils is harrowed the whole thin ground of broken leveling, will hold the irrigation and drainage zanjon successfully around the field;
The selection of b, seedling:
Select the paspalum vaginatum seedling of growth more than 2 years, take the grass blade part, grass blade keeps 2～4 stipes;
C, sowing time:
Mid-April～mid-May in spring, perhaps be the suitable sowing time late September～mid-October in autumn;
D, plantation:
Fine day should in the morning or manually evenly be sprinkling upon on the furrow face at dusk, then cover dried thin mud and the fine sand mixture of thick layer 1～1.5cm at grass blade, the drowning grass blade does not reveal, gently suppression, water permeablely, cover the black sunshade net on the furrow face, then surface is built Xiao Pingpeng, cover the black sunshade net above the little flat canopy, ventilate all around;
The black sunshade net covered 3 days on e, the furrow face, after the eustipes part rudiment, removed the black sunshade net on the furrow face, removed the black sunshade net that covers on the little flat canopy after the week;
F, field management:
Keep upper soll layer 2～3cm to reach moisture state; Return green rear 1 month until the grass blade rudiment, topdress when lawn leaf look turns yellow green, later growing period topdressed 1 time every 40～50 days.
2. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, it is characterized in that: field weeded a garden before broadcasting sowing grass blade and residual branch dead leaf in 10～15 days among the step a, carry out chemical weed control with glyphosate and smart quizalofopethyl, basal dressing after the week, every 667m
2Execute organic commercial fertilizer 200～300kg and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 20～30kg, the wide 1.5m～2.0m of the furrow of field, furrow ditch depth 20～25cm.
3. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, and it is characterized in that: grass blade is the old grass blade at base portion and middle part among the step b, removes tender stem.
4. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, it is characterized in that: the every 1m of steps d
2The grass blade seeding quantity is 0.45～0.6kg, the black sunshade net that covers on the furrow face is set to 1～2 layer, and the light transmittance 75%～85% of black sunshade net, vertical 1 timber of the every interval 50cm of little flat canopy or bamboo stake, little flat canopy height is 5～8cm, the black sunshade net that covers on the little flat canopy arranges 1 layer, and its light transmittance is 75%～85%.
5. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, it is characterized in that: water when 5:00～7:00 point soil temperature is low in the morning among the step f; When topdressing, the suitable urea 5～10kg/ mu that spreads fertilizer over the fields of soil moisture content waters when upper soll layer 2～3cm arid is turned white and executes.
6. a kind of saline land according to claim 1 paspalum vaginatum grass blade broadcasts sowing into the method on level ground, it is characterized in that: also include disease control among the step f, in time cradle old stem, in time dig trenches to drain the water away, in case the generation rust is selected 1500～2000 times of liquid sprayings of 25% trazodone wettable powder control.
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| CN104380869A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Cultivation method of seedlings of limonium gmelinii of saline-alkali soil in arid region |
| CN106305325A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 李子东 | Method for planting coniferous forest in saline-alkali land |
| CN106717964A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of granule that promise Buddhist nun fruit in Xisha is bred on tropical islands and reefs is sowed grass seeds by duster method |
| CN106717972A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of utilization granule is sowed grass seeds by duster the technology of mode fast breeding xylophyta on tropical islands and reefs |
| CN109089744A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of constructing bermuda grass turf on tropical forest insect islands and reefs |
| CN109105169A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | 四川农业大学 | A method of expanding numerous perennial forage maize using stipes autumn sowing spring planting |
| CN113016253A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-25 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104380869A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Cultivation method of seedlings of limonium gmelinii of saline-alkali soil in arid region |
| CN106305325A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 李子东 | Method for planting coniferous forest in saline-alkali land |
| CN106717972A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of utilization granule is sowed grass seeds by duster the technology of mode fast breeding xylophyta on tropical islands and reefs |
| CN106717964A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | A kind of granule that promise Buddhist nun fruit in Xisha is bred on tropical islands and reefs is sowed grass seeds by duster method |
| CN106717964B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Pellet spray-seeding method for breeding Xisanoni fruits on tropical island |
| CN109089744A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-12-28 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of constructing bermuda grass turf on tropical forest insect islands and reefs |
| CN109105169A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-01 | 四川农业大学 | A method of expanding numerous perennial forage maize using stipes autumn sowing spring planting |
| CN113016253A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-25 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum |
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