CN113016253A - Method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum - Google Patents
Method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016253A CN113016253A CN202110332056.7A CN202110332056A CN113016253A CN 113016253 A CN113016253 A CN 113016253A CN 202110332056 A CN202110332056 A CN 202110332056A CN 113016253 A CN113016253 A CN 113016253A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum, which comprises the following steps. The method for improving the seashore salinized land by the seashore paspalum comprises the following steps of 1: firstly, preparing seeds; step 2: sowing the seeds; and step 3: mowing after forming the lawn; and 4, step 4: planting crops; the sowing conditions in the step 2 before sowing the seeds comprise sowing time, soil treatment, a sowing mode and measures after sowing. The method for improving the seashore salinized land by the seashore paspalum can gradually eliminate the salt and alkali in the soil, and achieves the purpose of radically and thoroughly treating the salinized land; the seashore paspalum has the advantages of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, strong adaptability and vigorous vitality, can survive and grow under various conditions, belongs to perennial plants, can be harvested for many years continuously after being planted once, does not need to be managed after being planted, does not need to be watered and fertilized, can save a large amount of manpower and material resources, and has strong salt absorption capacity and wide adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of improvement of relevant seashore salinized land, in particular to a method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum.
Background
The salinized soil appears in the seaside area and is a result influenced by seawater. The method for influencing soil salt accumulation by seawater has two modes, wherein the condition mainly occurs in the early stage of the coastal accumulation stage, and the other mode is that the salt water is supplied into the underground water to accumulate the soil salt after the water is discharged and landed due to the invasion of sea tides and the backward flow along rivers. The method is characterized in that the salt composition is single, chloride accounts for absolute advantages, and the salt content of the general section is poor. The south China area comprises Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hongkong and Australian platform and Nanhai island, the coastline is long, the water level of coastal areas is shallow, the mineralization degree is high, the salt on the earth surface is easy to return, and the ecological system is weak. In recent years, with the rise of sea level, the frequency of seawater backflow and the problem of industrial pollution are increased, and soil salinization becomes a global important resource and environmental problem which endangers human survival. The area of salinized soil in the south China coastal area is continuously enlarged, people have attracted wide attention, and the current method for treating the salinized soil mainly comprises the following steps: 1. a salt filling and washing method; 2. deep ditch or blind ditch water draining and salt washing method; 3. the method for planting saline-alkali tolerant plants, three methods for improving soil, although each of them has a certain length and produces a certain positive effect in practice, the total incoming water does not depart from the scope of 'dead cycle', because the saline-alkali is not removed from the soil in large quantity, the purpose of fundamentally treating the saline-alkali is not achieved, and the method is not an ideal method for treating the saline-alkali.
Chinese patent No. CN105210491B discloses a method for seashore saline soil, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) organic materials and desulfurized gypsum are fermented to increase calcium solubility: adding organic matter materials such as crop straws or waste branches or cow and sheep manure into mixed bacteria of desulfurized gypsum, ferment bacteria and bacillus according to a mass ratio, and fermenting to a semi-decomposed state to obtain a material A; (2) replacement of sodium ions in the saline soil by calcium ions: mixing the A and saline soil into a material B according to the volume ratio; (3) mixing the material B and the fine steel slag into C according to the volume ratio; (4) improving soil layers: paving the coarse steel slag at a position which is 150cm away from the ground surface by 100 times or a position with shallow underground water level at the critical position of underground water; secondly, laying waste dust removal cloth or geotechnical cloth on the coarse steel slag, and laying C materials on the cloth, wherein the thickness of the C materials is 40-100cm and the C materials are 5-10cm higher than the ground surface. The invention utilizes solid waste to improve the coastal beach salinized land, and solves the problems of resource shortage, high cost, ecological environment damage and the like when the soil is used for greening plants.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: in the technical scheme, the saline alkali in the soil is inconvenient to eliminate gradually, the salt is difficult to absorb from the saline alkali soil, so that the aim of radically and thoroughly treating the salinized land is difficult to achieve, and manpower and material resources are difficult to save, therefore, the method for improving the seashore salinized land by the seashore paspalum is provided, so as to solve the problems provided in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum, which solves the problems that the general method for improving seashore salinized soil in the background art is inconvenient to gradually eliminate saline alkali in soil, is difficult to absorb salt from the saline alkali soil, is difficult to achieve the aim of radically and thoroughly treating the salinized land, and is difficult to save manpower and material resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, seeds are prepared, seeds can be collected from mature paspalum vaginatum in autumn every year, or the seeds are purchased in the market, and in the process of selecting the seeds, the seeds with full and uniform seeds, normal color and luster, no mildew and low damage rate are preferentially selected to ensure the future growth vigor of the paspalum vaginatum;
step 2: sowing the seeds;
and step 3: mowing after forming the lawn;
and 4, step 4: and (5) planting crops.
Preferably, the sowing conditions in step 2 before sowing the seeds include sowing time, soil treatment, sowing mode and measures after sowing.
Preferably, the sowing time is april or may and august and may, and the climate in april and may is warm, the precipitation is sufficient, and the seeds are germinated. The lighting is strong and sufficient in August, the glaring characteristic of the seashore paspalum is met, the growth is facilitated, and therefore the germination rate of the seashore paspalum seeds can be improved by sowing in the time period.
Preferably, the soil treatment process comprises the steps of ploughing the soil, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer and leveling the soil in sequence;
the soil is ploughed, so that gaps among the soil can be increased, the sowed seeds can absorb air in the soil, and the subsequent growth of the seashore paspalum seeds is facilitated;
weeds are removed, and the weeds and the seashore paspalum can be prevented from competing for nutrients and sunlight, so that pests are prevented from being attracted, and better growth conditions are provided for seashore paspalum seeds;
the base fertilizer is applied, so that a good soil environment can be provided for the initial growth and development of the seashore paspalum, the nutrition of the seashore paspalum is supplemented, and the growth and development of the seashore paspalum are promoted;
the soil is leveled, so that the soil can be uniformly irrigated by water resources, more water can be conveniently stored in the soil, the drought resistance is improved, and better basic survival conditions are provided for seashore paspalum; thereby improving the survival rate of the seashore paspalum seeds by soil treatment.
Preferably, the seeding mode adopts directly to broadcast, and needs 10~15 jin of seeds one mu of land, and in the seeding process, even spills out the seed, prevents that the seed gathering from piling up or too dispersed, avoids influencing the survival rate of seashore paspalum seed.
Preferably, the seashore paspalum seeds are covered with a thin layer of soil after spreading, so that the seeds can be shielded from direct sunlight in the daytime, thereby preventing the seeds from being exposed to direct sunlight, and the seeds can be insulated from the seeds at night, and can be prevented from being pecked by birds.
Preferably, the measures after sowing need to be implemented by watering the soil under the conditions of dry soil and no rain in spring and autumn, so that the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from entering a dormant state due to water shortage, the soil is kept moist, the respiration of the seeds is increased, the germination of the seashore paspalum seeds is promoted, and the survival rate of the seeds is improved.
Preferably, the management, fertilization and watering are not needed after the seedlings of the seashore paspalum seeds emerge, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved.
Preferably, in the step 3, the grass is cut once every month after the seashore paspalum is formed into the lawn, leaves, flowers (or seeds) and upper stems of the seashore paspalum are cut in autumn every year, and lower stems and roots of the seashore paspalum are reserved, so that the density and the flatness of the seashore paspalum lawn can be increased, the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, and tillering is promoted; by collecting seeds from mature seashore paspalum, the waste of resources can be prevented, financial resources are saved, and the excessive propagation of seashore paspalum can be avoided.
Preferably, the step 4 is to dig off the seashore paspalum with roots before planting the crops, so as to prevent the seashore paspalum from growing again after death, avoid influencing the growth of the crops, provide better growth conditions for the crops, and then plant the crops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for improving the seashore salinized land by the seashore paspalum can gradually eliminate the salt and alkali in the soil, and achieves the purpose of radically and thoroughly treating the salinized land; the seashore paspalum has the advantages of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, strong adaptability and vigorous vitality, can survive and grow under various conditions, belongs to perennial plants, can be harvested for many years continuously after being planted for one time, does not need to be managed after being planted, does not need to be watered and fertilized, and therefore, a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved, and the seashore paspalum has strong salt absorption capability and wide adaptability;
1. the seashore paspalum is required to be mowed once every month after forming the lawn in the step 3, and the leaves, flowers (or seeds) and upper stems of the seashore paspalum are required to be cut in autumn every year for continuous years, so that the salinized land can be greened and beautified, the salt content in the soil can be lower than 0.1 percent of the weight of the soil, the salt and alkali in the soil can be gradually eliminated, and the purpose of radically and completely treating the salinized land is achieved;
2. the seashore paspalum has the characteristics of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, strong adaptability and vigorous vitality, can survive and grow under various conditions, belongs to perennial plants, can be harvested for years continuously after being planted once, and does not need to be managed, fertilized and watered after the seashore paspalum seeds grow seedlings, so a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved;
3. by adopting the method from the step 1 to the step 4, the salinized land can be fundamentally treated only 4 to 6 years by matching with the characteristics of strong salt absorption capability and wide adaptability of seashore paspalum, and the time is longer for the salinized land with extremely large salt content in soil but is generally not more than ten years.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum comprises the following steps: step 1: firstly, seeds are prepared, seeds can be collected from mature paspalum vaginatum in autumn every year, or the seeds are purchased in the market, and in the process of selecting the seeds, the seeds with full and uniform seeds, normal color and luster, no mildew and low damage rate are preferentially selected to ensure the future growth vigor of the paspalum vaginatum;
step 2: sowing the seeds;
and step 3: mowing after forming the lawn;
and 4, step 4: and (5) planting crops.
The sowing conditions before sowing the seeds in the step 2 comprise sowing time, soil treatment, a sowing mode and measures after sowing.
The sowing time is in April or May and August and September every year, the climate in April is warm, the precipitation is sufficient, and the seeds can germinate. The lighting is strong and sufficient in August, the glaring characteristic of the seashore paspalum is met, the growth is facilitated, and therefore the germination rate of the seashore paspalum seeds can be improved by sowing in the time period.
The soil treatment process comprises the steps of ploughing the soil, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer and leveling the soil in sequence;
the soil is ploughed, so that gaps among the soil can be increased, the sowed seeds can absorb air in the soil, and the subsequent growth of the seashore paspalum seeds is facilitated;
weeds are removed, and the weeds and the seashore paspalum can be prevented from competing for nutrients and sunlight, so that pests are prevented from being attracted, and better growth conditions are provided for seashore paspalum seeds;
the base fertilizer is applied, so that a good soil environment can be provided for the initial growth and development of the seashore paspalum, the nutrition of the seashore paspalum is supplemented, and the growth and development of the seashore paspalum are promoted;
the soil is leveled, so that the soil can be uniformly irrigated by water resources, more water can be conveniently stored in the soil, the drought resistance is improved, and better basic survival conditions are provided for seashore paspalum; thereby improving the survival rate of the seashore paspalum seeds by soil treatment.
The direct broadcast sowing is adopted to the seeding mode, and one mu of ground needs 10~15 jin of seeds, and the seeding in-process, even spills out the seed, prevents that the seed gathering from in one pile or too dispersed, avoids influencing the survival rate of seashore paspalum seed.
After the seashore paspalum seeds are scattered, a layer of thin soil is required to cover, so that the direct sunlight can be isolated in the daytime, the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from being exposed by the direct sunlight, the heat preservation effect is realized on the seashore paspalum seeds at night, and the seashore paspalum seeds can be prevented from being pecked by birds.
After sowing, measures need to be taken to water the soil under the conditions of dry soil and no rain in spring and autumn, so that the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from entering a dormant state due to water shortage, the soil is kept moist, the respiration of the seeds is increased, the germination of the seashore paspalum seeds is promoted, and the survival rate of the seeds is improved.
The management, the fertilization and the watering are not needed after the seedlings of the seashore paspalum seeds emerge, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved.
In the step 3, the seashore paspalum is required to be mowed once every month after forming the lawn, and leaves, flowers (or seeds) and upper stems of the seashore paspalum are required to be cut off in autumn every year, and the lower stems and roots of the seashore paspalum are reserved, so that the density and the flatness of the seashore paspalum lawn can be increased, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, and tillering is promoted; by collecting seeds from mature seashore paspalum, the waste of resources can be prevented, financial resources are saved, and the excessive propagation of seashore paspalum can be avoided.
Step 4, digging off the seashore paspalum with roots before planting the crops to prevent the seashore paspalum from growing again after death, avoiding influencing the growth of the crops, providing better growth conditions for the crops, and then planting the crops.
The working principle is as follows: when the method for improving the seashore salinized land by using the seashore paspalum is used, firstly, the steps are as follows with reference to the figure 1: the method comprises the steps of firstly preparing seeds, collecting the seeds from mature seashore paspalum in autumn every year, or purchasing the seeds in the market, and preferentially selecting the seeds with uniform full seeds, normal color, no mildew and low damage rate in the process of selecting the seeds so as to ensure the future growth of the seashore paspalum.
Step 2: sowing the seeds;
the sowing conditions before sowing the seeds comprise sowing time, soil treatment, sowing modes and measures after sowing: the sowing time needs to select the time favorable for the growth of seeds, which is respectively april or may be may and may be September, the climate of april and may is warm, the precipitation is sufficient, and the seeds are favorable for germination. The illumination is strong and sufficient in August and September, the glaring characteristic of the seashore paspalum is met, the growth is facilitated, and therefore the germination rate of the seashore paspalum seeds can be improved by sowing in the time period; the soil treatment process comprises the steps of ploughing the soil, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer and leveling the soil in sequence; the soil is ploughed, so that gaps among the soil can be increased, the sowed seeds can absorb air in the soil, and the subsequent growth of the seashore paspalum seeds is facilitated; weeds are removed, and the weeds and the seashore paspalum can be prevented from competing for nutrients and sunlight, so that pests are prevented from being attracted, and better growth conditions are provided for seashore paspalum seeds; the base fertilizer is applied, so that a good soil environment can be provided for the initial growth and development of the seashore paspalum, the nutrition of the seashore paspalum is supplemented, and the growth and development of the seashore paspalum are promoted; the soil is leveled, so that the soil can be uniformly irrigated by water resources, more water can be conveniently stored in the soil, the drought resistance is improved, and better basic survival conditions are provided for seashore paspalum; thereby enabling the soil treatment to improve the survival rate of the seashore paspalum seeds; the direct broadcasting is adopted in the sowing mode, 10-15 jin of seeds are needed in one mu of land, and the seeds are uniformly broadcasted in the sowing process, so that the seeds are prevented from being gathered in one pile or being excessively dispersed, and the survival rate of the seashore paspalum seeds is prevented from being influenced; after the seashore paspalum seeds are scattered, a layer of thin soil is required to cover, so that direct sunlight can be isolated in the daytime, the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from being exposed by direct sunlight, the seashore paspalum seeds have a heat preservation effect at night, and the seashore paspalum seeds can be prevented from being pecked by birds; after sowing, the measures need to water the soil under the conditions of dry soil and no rain in spring and autumn, so that the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from entering a dormant state due to water shortage, the soil is kept moist, the respiration of the seeds is increased, the germination of the paspalum seeds is promoted, and the survival rate of the seeds is improved; the management, the fertilization and the watering are not needed after the seedlings of the seashore paspalum seeds emerge, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved.
And step 3: mowing after forming the lawn;
the method has the advantages that the grass is cut once every month after the seashore paspalum is formed into a lawn, and leaves, flowers (or seeds) and upper stems of the seashore paspalum need to be cut in autumn every year, so that the salinized land can be greened and beautified continuously for several years, the salt content in the soil can be lower than 0.1% of the weight of the soil, the salt and alkali in the soil can be gradually eliminated, the aim of fundamentally and completely eradicating the salinized land is fulfilled, the lower stems and roots of the seashore paspalum are reserved, the density and the flatness of the seashore paspalum lawn can be increased, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, and tillering is promoted; the seashore paspalum has the characteristics of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, strong adaptability and vigorous vitality, can survive and grow under various conditions, belongs to perennial plants, can be harvested for many years continuously after being planted for one time, can prevent the waste of resources, save the financial resources and avoid the excessive propagation of the seashore paspalum by collecting seeds from the mature seashore paspalum;
and 4, step 4: planting crops;
the method is characterized in that the seashore paspalum is dug with roots before planting crops to prevent the seashore paspalum from growing again after death, the growth of the crops is prevented from being influenced, better growth conditions are provided for the crops, then the crops are planted, the method is matched with the characteristics of strong salt absorption capacity and wide adaptability of the seashore paspalum, the salinized land can be fundamentally treated generally in 4 to 6 years, the time is longer for the salinized land with extremely high salt content in soil, but generally does not exceed ten years, and the whole process is used by the method for improving the seashore salinized land by the seashore paspalum.
The standard parts used in the invention can be purchased from the market, the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the accompanying drawings, the specific connection mode of each part adopts conventional means such as bolts, rivets, welding and the like mature in the prior art, the machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection mode in the prior art, and the details are not described, and the content not described in detail in the specification belongs to the prior art known by persons skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving seashore salinized land by seashore paspalum is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, seeds are prepared, seeds can be collected from mature paspalum vaginatum in autumn every year, or the seeds are purchased in the market, and in the process of selecting the seeds, the seeds with full and uniform seeds, normal color and luster, no mildew and low damage rate are preferentially selected to ensure the future growth vigor of the paspalum vaginatum;
step 2: sowing the seeds;
and step 3: mowing after forming the lawn;
and 4, step 4: and (5) planting crops.
2. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sowing conditions in the step 2 before sowing the seeds comprise sowing time, soil treatment, a sowing mode and measures after sowing.
3. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sowing time is in April or February and August and September each year, the climate in April is warm, the rainfall is sufficient, and the seeds can germinate. The lighting is strong and sufficient in August, the glaring characteristic of the seashore paspalum is met, the growth is facilitated, and therefore the germination rate of the seashore paspalum seeds can be improved by sowing in the time period.
4. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the soil treatment process comprises the steps of ploughing soil, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer and leveling the soil in sequence;
the soil is ploughed, so that gaps among the soil can be increased, the sowed seeds can absorb air in the soil, and the subsequent growth of the seashore paspalum seeds is facilitated;
weeds are removed, and the weeds and the seashore paspalum can be prevented from competing for nutrients and sunlight, so that pests are prevented from being attracted, and better growth conditions are provided for seashore paspalum seeds;
the base fertilizer is applied, so that a good soil environment can be provided for the initial growth and development of the seashore paspalum, the nutrition of the seashore paspalum is supplemented, and the growth and development of the seashore paspalum are promoted;
the soil is leveled, so that the soil can be uniformly irrigated by water resources, more water can be conveniently stored in the soil, the drought resistance is improved, and better basic survival conditions are provided for seashore paspalum; thereby improving the survival rate of the seashore paspalum seeds by soil treatment.
5. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the seeding mode adopts directly to broadcast, and needs 10~15 jin of seeds in one mu of ground, and the seeding in-process, even spills out the seed, prevents that the seed gathering from piling up or too dispersed, avoids influencing the survival rate of seashore paspalum seed.
6. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the seashore paspalum seeds are required to be covered with a layer of thin soil after being scattered, so that direct sunlight can be isolated in the daytime, the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from being exposed by direct sunlight, the seashore paspalum seeds are insulated at night, and the seashore paspalum seeds can be prevented from being pecked by birds.
7. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the measures after sowing need to water the soil under the conditions of dry soil and no rain in spring and autumn, so that the seashore paspalum seeds are prevented from entering a dormant state due to water shortage, the soil is kept moist, the respiration of the seeds is increased, the germination of the paspalum seeds is promoted, and the survival rate of the seeds is improved.
8. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the management, fertilization and watering are not needed after the seedlings of the seashore paspalum seeds emerge, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved.
9. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the grass is cut once every month after the seashore paspalum is formed into a lawn, and leaves, flowers (or seeds) and upper stems of the seashore paspalum are cut in autumn every year, and the lower stems and roots of the seashore paspalum are reserved, so that the density and the flatness of the seashore paspalum lawn can be increased, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented, and tillering is promoted; by collecting seeds from mature seashore paspalum, the waste of resources can be prevented, financial resources are saved, and the excessive propagation of seashore paspalum can be avoided.
10. The method for improving seashore salina by seashore paspalum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the seashore paspalum needs to be dug with roots before planting the crops, so that the seashore paspalum can be prevented from growing again after death, the growth of the crops is prevented from being influenced, better growth conditions are provided for the crops, and then the crops are planted.
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