CN109526606A - A method of the induction fast quick-recovery of open ground natural vegetation - Google Patents
A method of the induction fast quick-recovery of open ground natural vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526606A CN109526606A CN201811400267.4A CN201811400267A CN109526606A CN 109526606 A CN109526606 A CN 109526606A CN 201811400267 A CN201811400267 A CN 201811400267A CN 109526606 A CN109526606 A CN 109526606A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for inducing the fast quick-recovery of open ground natural vegetation, the alfalfa and prairie milk vetch to be coated rhizobium is grass seeds, add Diammonium phosphate (DAP) in the grass seeds and mixed fertilizer kind be made, then again by the mixed fertilizer kind it is exposed be located in sow, and cultivate.Vegetable material of the present invention easily obtains, and vegetation establishment is simple and easy, at low cost, and energy consumption is few, pollution-free, quick, and final goal is that induction natural vegetation restores, and Look Integration type is high, particularly suitable for northern open ground quick recovering vegetation and rebuilds.The technology being widely applied and applying, and can effectively promote area surroundings quality and soil and water conservation benefit, gives full play to open ground plant ecosystem service function, facilitates China marginal land and efficiently utilizes and ecological environment repairing and treating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental improvement engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of side for inducing the fast quick-recovery of exposed natural vegetation
Method.
Background technique
In recent years, as mankind's Development of China's Urbanization is accelerated, urban construction and land use are aggravated, and original soil disturbance acutely, is planted
It is sharply reduced, large area open ground occurs in succession, and winter-spring season sand plays dirt, pollutes air, summer soil erosion, soil texture
It destroys, nutrient content decline, soil seed bank, soil seed pool and Plant Diversity significantly reduce, and ecological element development enters vicious circle, are
Function of uniting is lost, and natural vegetation restores difficult, becomes the key points and difficulties of current China's ecological environment treatment.Currently, both at home and abroad
The technical measures of open ground ecological management first is that artificial vegetation's planting, have afforestation and artificial shrub than more typical
Ground planting, the technology vegetative coverage, depositing dust noise abatement, water and soil conservation, beautify the environment or even adjust microenvironment in terms of
Positive effect is played, but there is also apparent environmental problems, such as artificial afforestration initial stage, ground cover plant covering is insufficient, in a short time
The exposed phenomenon of earth's surface is still serious, and manually fills grassland establishment, although exposed earth's surface rapid Cover may be implemented, due to artificial
Seed selection introduces alien species, and bad adaptability is not easy to build group, also single because choosing seeds even if selecting local species, the people after planting
Work vegetation is managed and protected at high cost, it is difficult to long-term to maintain.
In natural environment, the formation and development of vegetation have certain principle, original naked according to syndynamic rule
In open country vegetation forming process, herbaceous plant becomes vegetation due to its is adaptable, the speed of growth is fast, breeding coefficient is high the features such as
The pioneer for restoring and rebuilding, after herbaceous plant settles down, other floristics and above and below ground biomass gradually increase, soil
After development, soil nutrrient and water is further improved for earth physicochemical character and microbial, and plant sprout library and seed bank are continuous
Zonality vegetation type abundant, that final transition formation is adapted with local climate Soil Environmental Characteristics.It was verified that by number
It is regional vegetation restoration and reconstruction that the primitive nature phytobiocoenose with regional characteristics formed of evolving for 10000000 year, which is formed with structure,
Main way, while being also that the cost of manual maintenance is minimum, system function plays sustainability pland ecosystem the most stable
System.
A kind of method that can induce open ground natural vegetation fast quick-recovery and reconstruction how is found as a result, it both can be short
Earth's surface is effectively covered in phase, soil nutrrient and water is prevented to be lost, and can protect quotient with anatonosis, and water conservation improves plant growth
Environment promotes the growth and development of native plants type and group's rapid succession, and each ecological element is made to enter benign cycle and stablize shape
State, it is final to realize that this area natural vegetation restores the sustainable performance with ecosystem service function, for China's ecological environment
It administers, especially northern area open ground revegetation is significant, this is also main technical aim proposed by the present invention.
The similar patent reported at present has " a kind of exposed sand method for quick recovering vegetation ", and this method is primarily directed to poor
The method for recovering vegetation that the serious sand ground of the desertification of lean arid proposes, wherein vegetable seeds selected by vegetation establishment is near
Phytobiocoenose investigation method determines, then acquires other plants in Natural plant community seed biological engineering or the same functional group of acquisition
Object material substitution, the seed collection method is very uncertain in actual operation, especially in large area revegetation work
It is difficult to realize in journey, because the phytobiocoenose sociales under the difference geographical environmental condition of Different climate region differ greatly, and imitates
The premise of method Natural plant community species composition structure is comparison primitive nature phytobiocoenose stable for many years, and in actual environment
Vegetation be mostly secondary plant group, in scheme the 5km field of investigation obtain sociales be likely to the secondary plant succession of community
The transition sociales in a certain stage in the process do not have representativeness；In addition, even if can determine floristics according to the method, but by
It is low in the general setting percentage of wild plant, it is not easy artificial seed, nutrition propagule is difficult to long-term preservation again, expands hard to tackle degree greatly, big face
The problem of provenance deficiency is necessarily faced in long-pending artificial vegetation's planting engineering.On the other hand, one ring of key in program implementation
Be to prepare tiling type plant biological bag, need a large amount of compost, sand and non-woven fabrics, and compost production by animals and plants waste gathering,
It crushes, pour water, quick lime addition, turning over throwing, turning, high temperature is decomposed, ferment and fermentation liquid adds and half-mature crushing material waited
Journey, program is many and diverse, materials are more, inconvenient, at high cost, and a large amount of pernicious gases can be discharged in composting process, serious dirty
Air is contaminated, it is inconsistent with current clean type environmental improvement theory.
In addition, one is " a kind of planting method for sandy land vegetation recovery " there are also two similar patent reports, another
For " in the discarded ground method in situ for restoring vegetation ", two patents are both needed to production growth substrate, the former makes with a large amount of stacked organics
Based on fertilizer, the latter is made using phosphogypsum powder, gum arabic powder, water-retaining agent and sulphur powder as raw material, is equally existed serious
Problem of environmental pollution.
In addition, selected vegetation establishment material is tall filling sapling in a kind of " planting method for sandy land vegetation recovery " patent,
It belongs to xylophyta, imitates artificial afforestration, vegetation establishment current year, it is difficult to rapid Cover exposed ground, hayashishita ground quilt more after year
Plant is formed slowly, and earth's surface is exposed still serious with sand dirt phenomenon；And ditching and laying weeds, rice straw are needed before planting
It is complicated for operation, at high cost to enhance matrix gas permeability with the substances such as zeolite granular, it is not easy to promote.Another patent is " discarded
Selected vegetation establishment material is Bermuda grass, rye grass, Festuca Arundinacea, clover etc. in the method that ground restores vegetation in situ ", wherein
Bermuda grass and clover cold resistance are poor, are difficult to overwintering, rye grass and Festuca Arundinacea in northern China, especially High aititude cold district
Drought resistance is relatively weak, and the north barren open ground of arid plants easy undergrowth, it is difficult to rapid Cover ground, and patent master
It to propose, should not be promoted and applied in northern area for southern Karst region.
It should propose to cut in conjunction with regional ecological management target based on northern China geography and climate and soil environment condition as a result,
Real feasible, knowledge nature, again effective method for quick recovering vegetation, could become area surroundings and administer and ecological construction
Major technique support.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of effective revegetation measure for environmental project and natural open ground improvement,
There is the open ground of large area after mainly solving the northern area of China natural vegetation excessive deterioration and environmental improvement engineering construction,
Natural vegetation restores difficult, and artificial vegetation's planting is managed and protected at high cost, it is difficult to lasting problem.
The present invention provides a kind of method for inducing the fast quick-recovery of open ground natural vegetation, and the method is to be coated rhizobium
Alfalfa and prairie milk vetch be grass seeds, in the grass seeds add Diammonium phosphate (DAP) mixed fertilizer kind is made, then again will it is described mix
Hefei kind it is exposed be located in sowed, and cultivate.
Wherein, the selection of grass seeds is the precondition of the method, the alfalfa and Astragalus for selecting pulse family clover to belong to
The induction grass seeds that restores as natural vegetation of prairie milk vetch.The grass seeds germination percentage must be greater than 85%, 90% or more cleanliness.
Preferably, in the grass seeds, the weight ratio of alfalfa and prairie milk vetch is 1.8~2.2:1；
Grass seed selection is the primary link for inducing open ground natural vegetation to restore success or failure.Alfalfa and prairie milk vetch are beans
Section herbaceos perennial has flourishing root system, is capable of forming a large amount of rhizobium after seedling, the gas that can will be difficult to be utilized in air
State nitrogen is converted into the ammoniacal nitrogen of plant available, promotes plant growth and development, can also culture fertility, optimize soil texture, enhancing
Water retention in soil creates good soil environment for other floristic growth and breedings.Wherein, Growth of Alfalfa speed
Fastly, soil water evaporation can be prevented with rapid Cover earth's surface after grass seeds seedling, facilitates other plants seeds and sprouts.No
Foot place is the Biomass dynamic relative deficiency with native plants, is easy to build group in grassland establishment the 3rd year natural plant advantage
After tend to disappear, but also become the one of the major reasons successfully restored of induction natural vegetation just because of this.Prairie milk vetch well developed root system,
It can go deep into ground 2-3m or less to absorb water, drought-resistant ability is extremely strong, is conducive to soil texture improvement and open ground vegetation integrally resists
Non-irrigated capability improving, shortcoming are that seed hard seed rate is higher, and a small number of seeds could sprout emergence after sowing 1 year, but the characteristic can
The 2nd year to obviously increase open ground soil seed bank, soil seed pool quantity, and after grassland establishment, effectively solve the plant in alopecia areata plot of being short of seedling
Capped problem.In addition, China's North of Yangtze River or even northern the greater part climate difference are obvious, and varieties of Medicago sativa
Cold resistance differs greatly, and should be selected corresponding suspend mode series kind as induction grass seeds, effect according to different zones climate characteristic as a result,
Fruit is more preferably.
Present invention is generally directed to open ground be northern area；The northern area is the area of North of Yangtze River.
Wherein, alfalfa due to kind it is more, can be according to revegetation regional climate geographical feature and seed dormancy
Series is selected, and 1-2 grades of kinds of suspend mode series are mainly selected on the dam of Hebei and its northern area, such as Algonquin, grassland 2
Number, reinder, Medicago sativa CV.Aohan etc., Beijing and its areas to the south can select 2 grades of suspend mode series or less kinds, such as golden queen, imperial crown,
The series of products such as WL323, CW300.
Wherein, the present invention carries out inoculation processing to grass seeds (alfalfa and prairie milk vetch) using rhizobium, and acquisition is coated
The alfalfa and prairie milk vetch of rhizobium；The grass seeds that coating rhizobium can directly be bought, can also mix naked seed and rhizobium
Kind.In the grass seeds, the weight of alfalfa and prairie milk vetch grass and be 8~12:1, preferably 10:1 with the weight ratios of rhizobium.
Under normal circumstances, northern area open ground ecological environment is more severe, and soil depletion arid is unfavorable for seedling health
Fast-growth, selected grass seeds alfalfa and prairie milk vetch nature growth plant are difficult to quickly infect rhizobium and form normal root
Tumor.The present invention be coated rhizobium, can seed sprout into seedling forming process, root system direct infection rhizobium and formed just
Normal root nodule greatly increases root nodule numbers and the speed of growth to promote nodule formation, greatly improves consolidating for plant pair air nitrogen
Nitrogen ability is conducive to rapid Cover earth's surface after sowing grass seeds seedling, forms advantage vegetation.Test proves, is coated the grass of rhizobium
Kind is seeded in same open ground environment with the grass seeds for not being coated rhizobium simultaneously, and the ground mulching degree after seedling differs 45-50%,
And ground biomass differs 15-20%.
Wherein, the research of the invention finds that appropriate grass seeds processing can dramatically increase sowing grass seeds emergence rate and seedling survives
Rate.Except above-mentioned by addition to its Rhizobium Inoculation, the method prior to seeding, adds Diammonium phosphate (DAP) in the grass seeds, obtained
Mixed fertilizer kind it is also possible to improve percentage of seedgermination and kind shoot survival percent, phosphorus element can not also be provided for nodule formation, promotes seedling
Phase normal plants and aboveground vegetation rapid Cover.The Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and the weight ratio of the grass seeds are 3.5~4.5:3；
Preferably 4:3.
The Diammonium phosphate (DAP) that the present invention uses contains two kinds of nutrients of nitrogen phosphorus, is the necessary a great number of elements of plant growth,
And the fertilizer is water-soluble, fertility rate of release is moderate, and under the reasonable amount of broadcasting, can not only promote plant seed germination at
Seedling, and adequate nutrients can be provided for plant growth in seedling stage, be conducive to seedling strong sprout, improve survival rate.It was verified that every
After mu mixes 3.5-4.5 kilograms of starter of fertilizer in seedbed Diammonium phosphate (DAP), meadow emergence is best with coverage effect, is higher than the value range, causes fertilizer
Waste, it is unobvious lower than the value range effect.
Wherein, the application rate of the mixed fertilizer kind be 5~8kg/ mus, preferably 6.5~7.5kg/ mus, most preferably
7.0kg/ mu；When the application rate of the i.e. described mixed fertilizer kind is preferably 7.0kg/ mus, the application rate of the grass seeds is preferably 3.0kg/
Mu.
Of the invention is another it is critical that prior to seeding, carrying out consolidation to the open ground.Specifically: turn over soil
Earth removes the barrier that diameter in ground and soil is greater than 5cm to 15~22cm depth；It rolls, broken soil, then suppresses to flat
It is whole.
Wherein, the barrier includes being not limited to stone, scattered shrub, remaining xylophyta root system etc..
It is of the invention another it is critical that the seeding method, with line-spacing be 14~16cm, depth of planting be 0.5~
The condition of 1.0cm sows the mixed fertilizer kind；
Preferably, described after planting to suppress smooth sowing region.
Wherein, small area open ground can be used artificial seeding and carry out grassland establishment, and large area open ground then mainly takes machine
Tool type of seeding can be used 2-4 row wheat seeder or no-tillage machine and directly carry out drilling on smooth good ground, without opening
Ditch, the preceding ground grading as far as possible of sowing, and depth of planting must control within 1.0cm when sowing, to ensure that seed early stage sprouts
And seedling is quickly unearthed, and seeding ratio and survival rate are improved.
After sowing of the present invention, need largely to be irrigated；Therefore in the area for having irrigation conditions, the spring, the summer,
Qiu Sanji can be carried out at any time；Wherein it is possible to be irrigated by sprinkling irrigation mode, irrigation volume is mark with the depth for soaking soil,
Depth is irrigated for the first time reaches 20cm, in addition, after grass seeds is sprouted and enters seedling stage, such as arid, 20% or more Plant Leaf
Piece can be irrigated again when withered and yellow, and irrigation volume is same as above.
If non-irrigated condition is regional, 7~August in rainy season is selected to be sowed.Nearest 5 are known by Local Weather Report
Then day natural precipitation situation select forecast rainfall intensity to complete to sow a few days ago for the rainfall of moderate rain.
The research of the invention finds that the method is main it is critical that vegetation after planting is managed and protected, specifically:
1) all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation after the grass seeds First Year Growing season, cradle aerial part to toothing 5~
8cm；
2) second year grass seeds regrows, and to plant strain growth 2~2.5 months, cradles aerial part to 10~15cm of toothing；It
Growing to Growing season naturally afterwards terminates, all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation, cradles aerial part to 5~10cm of toothing；
3) third year repeats the step of second year.
It is one ring of final key for inducing open ground natural vegetation whether be successfully recovered that vegetation, which is managed and protected,.After grassland establishment, by
In alfalfa and prairie milk vetch as planting grass seeds with earlier advantages for development, and it is good manually with can be under natural conditions
It quickly forms dominant population and covers ground, to inhibit other floristic sproutings and growth, be unfavorable for natural plants type
Appearance and build group, therefore, cradle the planting grass seeds advantage that can eliminate to a certain extent in due course, promote natural plants growth numerous
It grows, improves species diversity and stable community structure and composition.Cradle that (i.e. planting grass seeds returns every year the spring in the present invention program
Cradling after 2 months green for the first time) primarily to the covering advantage after planting grass seeds is turned green is eliminated, it is sprouted for natural plants type
The Natural resources conditions such as more illumination, moisture, nutrient are provided with growth；Height for the stubble left 10-15cm is mainly eliminating planting grass
While kind advantage, do not injured as far as possible in seedling stage natural plants；Autumn after Growing season cradles, can be by geodyte
Amount, which crushes, is used as green manure culture fertility, can also cover earth's surface, reduces the wind erosion of winter-spring season earth's surface, promote to get over plant after year turn green with
Growth and breeding is conducive to the formation and development of natural vegetation.
During the preparation is managed and protected, cutting occasion is key, and especially more after year, sowing grass seeds plant is sociales, generally
In 1-2 months it is dominant population after turning green, is cradled in time in the period, sowing grass seeds advantage can be removed, be other natures
Sward kind provides more sufficient illumination, ventilation condition and soil moisture nutrient condition, is conducive to the sprouting of natural grass kind
And growth, to increase the species diversity of phytobiocoenose, in addition, northern area, especially China northeast, the Northwest, raw
In long season unclosed situation, low toothing is cradled, and will be greatly reduced the wintering rate of plant, and plant earth's surface is covered after being unfavorable for more year
Lid.On the other hand, height for the stubble left when cradling is to ensure that sowing grass seeds gets over the key of survival rate after year, and current year toothing is too low, holds
Plant cold tolerance is easily reduced, overwintering death is caused, toothing is excessively high, is unfavorable for the appearance and growth of natural grass kind, reduction pair
The inducing effect that natural vegetation restores.
Test proves that sowing current year, Hebei Bashang Region Growing season terminates to cradle the previous moon, the decline of plant wintering rate
60-70%, this area's sowing current year, cutting occasion preferably select vegetation all withered and yellow rear progress on the ground；In addition, sowing the 2nd year
Cradle within 2 months after plant turns green, the height for the stubble left in 10-15cm, can in the case where ground mulching degree keeps 60-80% from
Right sward kind fast-germination growth, revegetation inducing effect is preferable, and previous test result is shown, spring cradles toothing and is lower than
More obvious to the damage of natural plant seedling when 10cm, after being higher than 15cm, spontaneous recovery effect is undesirable.From sowing current year
Start, after management in continuous 3 years, aboveground vegetation can form metastable phytobiocoenose composition and structure, and ground mulching
Degree can still keep 80% or more, work well.
The present invention provides a kind of preferred embodiment, the method, specifically:
1) rhizobium are coated with alfalfa and prairie milk vetch that weight ratio is 1.8~2.2:1, obtain grass seeds；Wherein, pale reddish brown
The weight of clover and prairie milk vetch grass and be 8~12:1 with the weight ratios of rhizobium；
2) it will add in grass seeds described in weight ratio addition of the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by 3.5~4.5:3, mixed fertilizer kind be made；
3) consolidation prior to seeding, is carried out to the open ground, specifically: plowed soils is removed to 15~22cm depth
Diameter is greater than the barrier of 5cm in ground and soil；It rolls, broken soil, then suppresses to smooth；
4) with the condition that line-spacing is 14~16cm, depth of planting is 0.5~1.0cm, by 6.5~7.5kg/ mus of application rate
The mixed fertilizer kind is sowed, it is after planting a large amount of to irrigate；
5) all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation after the grass seeds First Year Growing season, cradle aerial part to toothing 5~
8cm；Second year grass seeds regrows, and to plant strain growth 2~2.5 months, cradles aerial part to 10~15cm of toothing；It is natural later
Growing to Growing season terminates, all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation, cradles aerial part to 5~10cm of toothing；Third year repeats second
The step of year.
After method of the present invention continuously manages 3 years, natural plant type obviously increases and vegetation coverage reaches
When 80%, stopping manually being managed and protected, and vegetation enters among normal self-renewing and species succession process, and so far, open ground is natural
Vegetation ecosystem is established, and every Ecosystem Service is played.
The present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1, the present invention carries out grassland establishment, improves by introducing leguminous perennial herb alfalfa and prairie milk vetch
Plant growth environment, induction nature plant type is sprouted and growth, then rationally cradles, moderate control planting grass seeds advantage
Degree promotes natural vegetation to restore and rebuild, ultimately forms the metastable natural vegetation ecosystem of Species composition and structure of community.Institute
It states grass seeds alfalfa and prairie milk vetch all has flourishing root system, a large amount of root nodules can be formed after seedling, will be difficult to be utilized in atmosphere
Gaseous nitrogen be converted into the ammoniacal nitrogen that plant available utilizes, promote plant growth, effect is not as applied instant nitrogenousfertilizer, but not
It will cause any environmental pollution, soil texture can be optimized with culture fertility, water moisture self restraint is the growth and development of nature plant
Create good soil environment.In addition, alfalfa Biomass dynamic is relatively weak, under natural conditions, grassland establishment becomes after 3 years
In disappearance, facilitates the growth and breeding of nature plant type and build group；And prairie milk vetch is deep root system floristics, it can be effective
Improve vegetation entirety drought-resistant ability, and hardseed can also increase soil seed bank, soil seed pool can be effective after grassland establishment the 2nd year
Filling covers the alopecia areata plot that is short of seedling, and improves vegetation ground mulching effect.
2, the present invention takes Rhizobium Inoculation and mixes the side of starter of fertilizer in seedbed Diammonium phosphate (DAP) in grass seeds processing on seeding method
Method can effectively increase the emergence rate and survival rate of planting grass seeds, promote seedling stage plant nodule formation, improve plant nitrogen fixing capacity
And the speed of growth, significantly improve grassland establishment effect.Meanwhile narrow row upper seeding is carried out in seeding process, seedling can be accelerated and be unearthed
Speed quickly carries out ground mulching.In addition, during grassland establishment, is taken by weather forecast and dry bury equal rain technology, effectively benefit
Seeding ratio is improved with natural precipitation, while by cradling in due course, being precisely controlled planting grass seeds dominance, promoting nature is raw to plant
The sprouting of species and growth and breeding form structure of community and form the metastable natural vegetation ecosystem.
3, technical costs of the invention is only limitted to a small amount of fertilizer kind and consolidation and vegetation cradles, grass seeds, rhizobium and kind
Fertile easily to obtain, the consolidation before sowing is easy to operate, and seeding appliance is general, simple, efficient, the vegetation side of managing and protecting after grassland establishment
Formula is clear, easy to operate, substantially increases the feasibility and practicability of technology implementation, is conducive to later period open ground revegetation and lures
Waveguide technology being widely applied and applying.
4, compared with prior art, the present invention vegetable material easily obtains, vegetation establishment is simple and easy, at low cost, and energy consumption is few,
It is pollution-free, it is quick, and also final goal is that induction natural vegetation restores, Look Integration type is high, particularly suitable for northern open ground
Quick recovering vegetation and reconstruction.The technology being widely applied and applying, and can effectively promote area surroundings quality and water and soil is protected
Holding effect benefit, gives full play to open ground plant ecosystem service function, facilitates China marginal land and efficiently utilizes and ecological ring
Border repairing and treating.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods that induction open ground prepares fast quick-recovery naturally；Yanqing County of Beijing government office water in 2005
There are a large amount of exposed wastelands in Drawdown of Reservoir Water Level, reservoir area, and vegetation sparse, for ground mulching degree less than 10%, winter-spring season sand plays dirt, summer
Season severe water and soil erosion, become reservoir area air and water body primary pollution source.This area's in July, 2006 selects germination percentage 95%, net
The import alfalfa cultivars gold queen of degree 97% and prairie milk vetch grass seeds carry out artificial pasture planting, and induction native country natural vegetation is extensive
It is multiple；
The method specifically:
1) rhizobium are coated for the alfalfa and prairie milk vetch of 2:1 with weight ratio, obtain grass seeds；Wherein, alfalfa with
The weight of prairie milk vetch grass and be 10:1 with the weight ratios of rhizobium；
2) it will add in grass seeds described in weight ratio addition of the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by 4:3, mixed fertilizer kind be made；
3) it is attached to five-furrow plough plowed soils 20cm using tractor, then rotary cultivator band a kind of farm tools is smooth and suppresses soil, later
Strip live streaming is carried out using 2-4 row wheat seeder, the grass seeds (as 7.0kg/ mus described that application rate is 3.0kg/ mus
Mixed fertilizer kind), line-spacing 15cm is suppressed after broadcasting；
4) the 3rd day moderate rain after starts to emerge after rain for 6 days, and emergence rate reaches 80% or more after 2 weeks, and mid-September, vegetation was high
Degree reaches 33cm, and ground mulching degree reaches 80% or more；
5) nature mid-October plant type enters withered and yellow phase, mid-November alfalfa start with prairie milk vetch it is withered and yellow,
Early December brush cutter cradles meadow, toothing 5-8cm.More after year, artificial grass seeds is turned green first at the beginning of 4 months, and June enters full blossom
Phase, vegetation height reach 40cm, cradle aboveground vegetation at this time, and toothing 10-15cm, natural plant type obviously increases later,
Especially herba setariae viridis, chenopodium glaucum linn, artemisia class annual herb plant largely occur, and October, vegetation height reached 60cm or more,
11 the end of month were cradled again using brush cutter, height for the stubble left 5-10cm.
Alfalfa is significantly reduced with prairie milk vetch within 2008, and the perennial plants such as motherwort, sedge, field bindweed type is gradually
Increase, annual natural plants type gradually decreases, and phytobiocoenose species composition tends towards stability, and artificial pasture planting the 4th year, plants
Coating cover degree reaches 90% or more, and perennial natural plants type is sociales, and changing of plant diversity is little, group's species group
At opposite with structure stable, open ground natural vegetation restores to achieve noticeable achievement.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods that induction open ground prepares fast quick-recovery naturally；Hebei Bashang Region 2 in 2001
Ten thousand mu of native pastures are seriously degenerated, and earth's surface large area is exposed, and part location vegetation coverage determines first less than 20% after studying
First 500 mu of desertification open ground planting artificial pastures wherein, carry out earth's surface rapid Cover, and induce the raw revegetation of nature.It builds
Germination percentage 93%, the domestic alfalfa cultivars grassland 2 of cleanliness 95% and prairie milk vetch are selected when plant；
1) rhizobium are coated for the alfalfa and prairie milk vetch of 2:1 with weight ratio, obtain grass seeds；Wherein, alfalfa with
The weight of prairie milk vetch grass and be 10:1 with the weight ratios of rhizobium；
2) it will add in grass seeds described in weight ratio addition of the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by 4:3, mixed fertilizer kind be made；
3) it then is attached to five-furrow plough plowed soils depth 22cm using tractor, removal soil interior diameter is residual greater than 5cm's
After staying woody root system, then smooth, the suppression soil with rotary cultivator band a kind of farm tools；
4) July carries out drilling by 2-4 row wheat seeder, and the mixed fertilizer kind application rate is 7.0kg/ mus, line-spacing
15cm is suppressed after broadcasting.After planting the 5th day moderate rain, rain latter week start to emerge, and September turf height is close to 20cm, ground mulching degree
Up to 60% or more；
5) since this area's winter cold is avenged less, reachable -30 DEG C of minimum temperature is hereinafter, to ensure planting grass seeds plant safety
Overwintering, grassland establishment current year is not cradled.More after year, planting grass seeds plant starts to turn green by the end of April, and 6 the end of month entered flowering stage,
Plant height 30-35cm, the artemisias such as artemisia annua class nature plant type largely occurs at this time, and plant height 45cm or more is built
Grass planting kind is not cradled with respect to weak tendency, therefore, and August part vegetation coverage reaches 85% or so, late October all plants into
It is cradled after entering withered and yellow phase, height for the stubble left 10cm.In June, the 3rd, planting grass seeds become sociales once again after grassland establishment, high
35cm or more is spent, annual artemisia class plant tends to disappear, and cradles aboveground vegetation, toothing 15cm, August part herba setariae viridis, ash at this time
The perennial plants type such as the annual herb plants such as green Chenopodiaceae, salsola collina and sheep's hay, Stipa capillata, the root of straight ladybell, thyme occurs in succession,
October, vegetation height reached 55cm or more, and plant enters withered and yellow phase, cradles at this time, height for the stubble left 10cm.
The 4th year after grassland establishments in 2004, alfalfa is significantly reduced with prairie milk vetch and annual natural plants type,
The perennial zonality floristics such as sheep's hay, Stipa capillata increases significantly, and becomes dominant population, and vegetation coverage reaches 90% or more,
Structure of community composition tends towards stability, and exposed sand vegetation is in normal spontaneous recovery state.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods that induction open ground prepares fast quick-recovery naturally；Tongliao, Inner Mongolia area in 2013
The discarded ground in 300 mu of sandy wastelands, earth's surface is exposed, and for vegetation coverage less than 15%, artificial pasture planting induces natural vegetation recovery process
In, first purchase germination percentage 95%, cleanliness 95% is coated the alfalfa cultivars Algonquin and prairie milk vetch of rhizobium；
1) rhizobium are coated for the alfalfa and prairie milk vetch of 2:1 with weight ratio, obtain grass seeds；Wherein, alfalfa with
The weight of prairie milk vetch grass and be 10:1 with the weight ratios of rhizobium；
2) it will add in grass seeds described in weight ratio addition of the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by 4:3, mixed fertilizer kind be made；
3) after being attached to five-furrow plough plowed soils depth 20cm using tractor, then smooth, the suppression soil with rotary cultivator band a kind of farm tools.
June carries out drilling by 2-4 row wheat seeder, and the amount of broadcasting of the mixed fertilizer kind is 7.0kg/ mus, the town line-spacing 15cm, Bo Hou
Pressure；
4) it is sprayed using sprinkler with reel to planting meadow after, irrigation volume is to moisten soil layer 20cm or more.
Sprinkling irrigation starts to emerge after a week, emerges finish substantially after three weeks, and July meets arid and sprays again, and August part turf height reaches
35cm；
5) ground mulching in October degree reaches 85%, cradles aerial part, toothing 10-15cm.More after year, planting in April
Grass seeds starts to turn green, and sprinkler with reel is sprayed 1 time, and June, plant height cradled 1 time when reaching 40cm or more, toothing 10-13cm, and 8
Month, vegetation coverage reached 85%, and the annual artemisia class plant such as artemisia annua, herba setariae viridis is had the advantage, and withered and yellow phase in October is planted
Highly reached 60cm or more, cradles whole aerial parts, toothing 5-8cm.
The 3rd year after grassland establishments in 2015, alfalfa is largely reduced with prairie milk vetch and annual artemisia class plant, sheep
Grass, Stipa capillata, the perennial plants type such as mound dish, radix scutellariae of withering significantly increase, and become sociales, October withered and yellow phase vegetative coverage
Degree still keeps 80% or more, stops labor management after cradling, vegetation is in spontaneous recovery state, later exposed sandy bare land plant
Community composition and structure variation is little.
Although above having used general explanation, specific embodiment and test, the present invention is made to retouch in detail
It states, but on the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this is apparent to those skilled in the art
's.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to claimed
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for inducing the fast quick-recovery of open ground natural vegetation, which is characterized in that be coated the pale reddish brown lucerne of rhizobium
Mu and prairie milk vetch are grass seeds, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) are added in the grass seeds, mixed fertilizer kind is made, then the mixed fertilizer kind exists again
It is exposed be located in sowed, and cultivate.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the grass seeds, the weight ratio of alfalfa and prairie milk vetch
For 1.8~2.2:1；
Preferably, the weight of alfalfa and prairie milk vetch grass and be 8~12:1 with the weight ratios of rhizobium.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the application rate of the mixed fertilizer kind is 5~8kg/ mus；
Preferably, the application rate of the mixed fertilizer kind is 6.5~7.5kg/ mus.
4. described in any item methods according to claim 1~3, which is characterized in that the weight of the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and the grass seeds
Amount is than being 3.5~4.5:3.
5. method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the open ground is the exposed of northern area
Ground；
Preferably, 1~2 grade of suspend mode series of alfalfa, prairie milk vetch grass seeds is selected on the dam of Hebei and its northern area；Beijing and
2 grades of suspend mode series of its areas to the south selection alfalfa below, prairie milk vetch grass seeds.
6. described in any item methods according to claim 1~5, which is characterized in that prior to seeding, carry out soil to the open ground
Ground arranges, specifically: plowed soils to 15~22cm depth removes the barrier that diameter in ground and soil is greater than 5cm；Roll,
Broken soil, then suppress to smooth.
7. described in any item methods according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that the sowing specifically: with line-spacing be 14~
16cm, the condition that depth of planting is 0.5~1.0cm, the mixed fertilizer kind is sowed；
Preferably, described after planting to suppress smooth sowing region.
8. described in any item methods according to claim 1~7, which is characterized in that after the sowing, largely filled
It irrigates；
Preferably, it is sowed in 7~August.
9. described in any item methods according to claim 1~8, which is characterized in that it further include that vegetation is managed and protected, specifically:
1) all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation after the grass seeds First Year Growing season, aerial part is cradled to 5~8cm of toothing；
2) second year grass seeds regrows, and to plant strain growth 2~2.5 months, cradles aerial part to 10~15cm of toothing；Later certainly
So growing to Growing season terminates, all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation, cradles aerial part to 5~10cm of toothing；
3) third year repeats the step of second year.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein specifically:
1) rhizobium are coated with alfalfa and prairie milk vetch that weight ratio is 1.8~2.2:1, obtain grass seeds；Wherein, alfalfa
It is 8~12:1 with the weight of prairie milk vetch grass and with the weight ratio of rhizobium；
2) it will add in grass seeds described in weight ratio addition of the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by 3.5~4.5:3, mixed fertilizer kind be made；
3) consolidation prior to seeding, is carried out to the open ground, specifically: plowed soils removes ground to 15~22cm depth
It is greater than the barrier of 5cm with diameter in soil；It rolls, broken soil, then suppresses to smooth；
4) with the condition that line-spacing is 14~16cm, depth of planting is 0.5~1.0cm, by 6.5~7.5kg/ mus of application rates by institute
Mixed fertilizer kind is stated to be sowed, it is after planting a large amount of to irrigate；
5) all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation after the grass seeds First Year Growing season, aerial part is cradled to 5~8cm of toothing；
Second year grass seeds regrows, and to plant strain growth 2~2.5 months, cradles aerial part to 10~15cm of toothing；It grows naturally later
Terminate to Growing season, it is all withered and yellow to aboveground vegetation, aerial part is cradled to 5~10cm of toothing；Third year repeats second year
Step.
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| CN114402820A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-29 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Vegetation recovery method for loess area dump slope |
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