CN113170703A - Method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-farming areas of Huang-Huai-Hai - Google Patents
Method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-farming areas of Huang-Huai-Hai Download PDFInfo
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- CN113170703A CN113170703A CN202110337200.6A CN202110337200A CN113170703A CN 113170703 A CN113170703 A CN 113170703A CN 202110337200 A CN202110337200 A CN 202110337200A CN 113170703 A CN113170703 A CN 113170703A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/008—Sod or grassland seeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-farming areas of Huang-Huai-Hai, which comprises the following steps: (1) the leguminous forage can be sowed in the suitable planting area from the first ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months according to the local climate conditions, and the leguminous forage can be sowed directly at the right time; the inter-row makes full use of local wild pasture resources and constructs artificial grazing grassland in a natural pasture growing way; (2) the leguminous forage grass seeding adopts row spacing of more than 20cm, and the maximum row spacing is not more than 1 m; (3) starting grazing when the growth height of the pasture reaches 20-25 cm; when the grazing feeding height is reduced to 5cm-8cm, the grazing is forbidden, rest grazing is carried out, grazing is carried out again after the growth height of the pasture reaches 20cm-25cm again, and grazing is repeated in this way; (4) according to the soil fertility condition, broadcasting and fertilizing before rainfall during the period of rest; (5) if a small amount of toxic weeds are found in the grassland, the weeds can be manually removed in time. The invention relates to innovation and breakthrough of a technology for establishing artificial grazing grassland in a Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-farming area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method suitable for artificial grazing grassland in Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-farming areas.
Background
The grassland is an important resource in China and also an important material guarantee for the development of animal husbandry, but with the rapid increase of economy in China and the improvement of living standard of people in recent years, the consumption demand of grassland animal products forms a growing situation, so that the market is urgently met and more benefits are earned, the behaviors of damaging grassland vegetation such as excessively increasing the animal carrying capacity and the like appear, and the phenomena of reduction of biological diversity, reduction of productivity, deterioration of grassland and deterioration of ecological environment caused by unreasonable utilization of grassland resources for a long time exist, the deteriorated area accounts for 30 percent of the area of the grassland in China, and the sustainable development of grassland ecology and animal husbandry in China is seriously influenced. In order to protect grassland resources and restore grassland ecology and grassland productivity, the nation continuously strengthens a moderate grazing system of 'grazing livestock by grass and balancing the grass and the livestock', and even enforces 'grazing and grazing forbidding' policies in ecological fragile areas. Meanwhile, the country encourages farming-pasturing interlaced belts and farming areas to build and plant artificial grazing grasslands so as to meet the requirements of people on grassland animal products and reduce the production pressure of the grassland animal products. Therefore, the farming and pasturing interlaced belt and the farming area artificial grazing grassland establishment can be the guarantee of the healthy development of the animal husbandry in China in future.
The method for establishing the artificial grazing grassland at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps: selecting different kinds of high-quality pasture, and establishing the natural-simulated grassland with ideal states of biodiversity, high livestock carrying capacity and the like by optimizing the proportioning, mixing and sowing and the like. At present, more cases of successful researches on artificial mixed-seeding grasslands are reported, for example, the yield of pasture of alfalfa and bromus formosanus under different mixed-seeding ratios is analyzed by Chenghangshan and the like, and the yield of the bromus formosanus 20% and the yield of the pasture of bromus formosanus 80% mixed-seeding combined pasture is considered to be the highest. Researches on Liu Ming and the like show that under the mixed sowing mode of the awnless brome, the elymus nutans and the alfalfa in the sowing ratio of 2:1, the yield of the pasture is improved, and interspecific competition is avoided. The research on the mixed sowing effect of bean-grass forage grass by the use of the yao-hirsute and the like shows that the mixed sowing treatment of the alfalfa and the awnless brome is better at a ratio of 3: 7. The study of Hodgy, et al shows that the best mixed sowing mode is that the ratio of red bean grass to awnless brome is 4: 6. According to the Jiangyihao and the like, dactulis glomerata, awnless brome, white clover and alfalfa are used as materials, yield and nutritive value researches under different mixed sowing proportions are carried out, and results show that the dry matter of 30% of dactulis glomerata and 70% of alfalfa is treated to be the largest, and the crude protein content of the dactulis glomerata of 90% of dactulis glomerata and 10% of alfalfa is the highest.
However, in the actual production and popularization of the Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-farming area, in the grassland planting process, the pasture with poor competitiveness gradually fades away, the grass seeds are difficult to symbiotic, and finally, only one or a few grass seeds are dominant, so that the biological diversity of the grassland is poor, and the excellent artificial grazing grassland cannot be successfully planted. The reason may be that the grass seeds adopted for artificial grazing grassland establishment are artificial cultivation seeds, and the artificial grazing grassland is characterized by the ecological climate of a dry-farming rain-farming area in Huang-Huai-Hai, and the grass can show excellent characteristics under the single planting condition, but under the mixed planting condition, the species have competition for resources, and the grass with strong competitiveness often squeezes the grass with poor competition, so that the grassland community is in an unstable state, and finally the establishment and the planting of the artificial grazing grassland are failed. No better solution has been found to date.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method suitable for artificial grazing grassland in Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-farming areas. The method can effectively solve the problems that all grass seeds of the existing artificial grazing grassland establishment method are completely carried out by adopting artificial cultivation grass seeds, under the condition of mixed sowing and planting of the grass seeds in the Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-raising area, the species have a competitive relationship, the grassland community is in an unstable state, the grass seeds are difficult to symbiotic, the grassland biological diversity is poor, and the excellent artificial grazing grassland cannot be successfully established. The artificial grazing grassland planting method is based on local wild grass resources, and provides an artificial grazing grassland planting method with rich biological diversity, reasonable grassland composition structure and stable community by fully utilizing the symbiotic characteristics of the wild grass resources and the planting mode of artificially drilling leguminous grasses and naturally growing grasses among the rows. Both realized the biological variety in meadow, also optimized the biological community constitutional structure on meadow, promoted unit area output and nutritive quality, improved the livestock carrying capacity on meadow, this method is with low costs, easy operation, and the success rate is high, and when stabilizing the grass and animal balance, improving ecological environment, make artifical grazing meadow establish plant to scientific, high-quality, convenient orientation development. The method is wide in application range and suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-culture area in China and other areas with similar climatic conditions to the area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-farming areas of Huang-Huai-Hai, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the leguminous forage can be sowed in the suitable planting area from the first ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months according to the local climate conditions, and the leguminous forage can be sowed directly at the right time; the inter-row makes full use of local wild pasture resources and constructs artificial grazing grassland in a natural pasture growing way.
The second step is that: the leguminous forage grass seeding adopts row spacing of more than 20cm, and the maximum row spacing is not more than 1 m.
The third step: starting grazing when the growth height of the pasture reaches 20-25 cm; and when the grazing feeding height is reduced to 5cm-8cm, the grazing is forbidden, the rest grazing is carried out, the grazing is carried out again after the growth height of the grazing reaches 20cm-25cm again, and the grazing is repeated in this way. Reasonable grazing in turn is carried out, the grassland resources are protected, and the use value is improved.
The fourth step: according to the fertility status of soil, broadcast fertilization is carried out before rainfall during the period of' husbandry ".
The fifth step: if a small amount of toxic weeds are found in the grassland, the weeds can be manually removed in time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a method specially suitable for establishing artificial grazing grasslands in Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-farming areas, which aims at the ecological climate type areas, adopts artificial cultivated species to establish the artificial grazing grasslands, has complex sowing and inconvenient field mechanized operations, and causes the phenomena of poor biological diversity of the grasslands, small input and output, poor establishment effect and low success rate due to the difficult symbiosis among the grasslands, unstable grassland communities and finally the dominant phenomenon of only one or a few grass species caused by the sowing mode and the competitive relationship among the species. Based on the method, key technologies such as a seeding mode and the like in the establishment of the artificial grazing grassland in the Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming rain-farming area are redefined, the symbiotic characteristic of wild pasture resources is exerted on the basis of fully utilizing the local wild pasture resources and the natural proportion thereof, and the planting mode of artificially drilling leguminous pasture and the interline natural pasture makes the establishment method more scientific and practical and has stronger practicability. Simultaneously, the cost has both been practiced thrift, make full use of the land resource, reached and created the purpose of more products on limited soil, also reasonable utilization the light and heat resource, the biological variety of meadow has been realized again, the success rate of planting is established to artifical grazing meadow has greatly been improved, the biological community constitutional structure on meadow has been optimized, the stability of community has been strengthened, the grass output and the nutritive quality on the meadow of making artifical grazing, and then the livestock carrying capacity on meadow has been improved, solve the forage and ask, the healthy stable development in animal husbandry has been ensured, the blank in this field in China has been filled. The invention is innovation and breakthrough of the technology for establishing the artificial grazing grassland in the dry-farming rain-farming area of Huang-Huai-Hai, and is an important technical support for solving the supply and demand of the grasses and the livestock and promoting the healthy and stable development of the animal husbandry, so that the establishment of the artificial grazing grassland in the dry-farming rain-farming area of Huang-Huai-Hai has more scientificity and rationality.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-fed areas in Huang-Huai-Hai, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the leguminous forage seeder is adopted, leguminous forage can be sowed in the first ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, and the leguminous forage is sowed in single row with the sowing depth of about 3-4cm, so that the leguminous forage can be sowed directly at the proper time. The inter-row makes full use of local wild pasture resources and constructs artificial grazing grassland in a natural pasture growing way.
The second step is that: the seeds are cleaned before the leguminous forage is sowed, new seeds are preferably selected, and the germination rate reaches over 95 percent to ensure the emergence of seedlings.
The third step: the leguminous grass can be sown at a row spacing of 20-100 cm.
The fourth step: starting grazing when the growth height of the pasture reaches 20-25 cm; and when the grazing feeding height is reduced to 5cm-8cm, the grazing is forbidden, the rest grazing is carried out, the grazing is carried out again after the growth height of the grazing reaches 20cm-25cm again, and the grazing is repeated in this way. Reasonable grazing in turn is carried out, the grassland resources are protected, and the use value is improved.
The fifth step: according to the fertility status of soil, broadcast fertilization is carried out before rainfall during the period of' husbandry ".
And a sixth step: if a small amount of toxic weeds are found in the grassland in the early growth stage of leguminous forage and interline wild forage, the toxic weeds can be manually removed in time.
The specific test scheme and results of the method of the invention are as follows:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
In the experiment, leguminous forage is exemplified by vetch. Maoye vetch is provided by science and technology limited of Kaiyuan grassland of Henan Zheng Zhou.
1.2 methods of investigation
1.2.1 general tests of the test were carried out at the national pasture grass industry technical system Cangzhou comprehensive test station (N38 DEG 29 '46.9', E117 DEG 33 '16.9') located in Cocun, yellow Ye City, at an altitude of 2.3 m. Belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the warm temperate zone,the sea-island sea wave has marine climate characteristics due to the fact that the sea-island sea wave is near the Bohai sea, is clear in four seasons, is moist and rainy in summer and is cold and dry in winter; the average precipitation of the whole year is 567 mm, and 65% of precipitation is concentrated in 7-8 months. The average annual evaporation capacity is 1980.7 mm, the average annual air temperature is 12.5 ℃, the average annual sunshine hours are 2700 h, and the frost-free period is 210 d. The soil of the test field is moist soil, and the content of basic nutrients of the soil of a 20cm plough layer is 15.75 g/kg of organic matters-186.10 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-1Quick-acting phosphorus 6.68 mg/kg-1Quick-acting potassium 297.00 mg/kg-1. The salt content of the soil is 0.3 percent, and the pH value is 8.3.
1.2.2 test design experiment seeding in 2020, 4 months and 15 days, random block design, 3 times of repetition, cell area 15m2(the row length is 5m, the width is 3m), the row spacing of the vetch is respectively 0cm, 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm and 100cm, and the seeding amount is 45 kg.hm-2And (3) calculating the seeding amount of each row under different row spacing, manually ditching and drilling, wherein the seeding depth is 3cm, hairy vetch seeds (0cm) are not sown, and the Control (CK) is used for only growing wild pasture. And 2m wide protection rows are arranged around the test field. The test is carried out under the conditions of rain culture and dry farming, and due to the fact that the temperature rises in the middle 4 th of the area and the rain water is increased, sowing can be carried out firstly, and sprouting and growth of the vetch and the inter-row wild pasture are promoted after rainfall. During the growth period of the test, if a small amount of toxic weeds are found in the field, the toxic weeds are manually removed in time.
1.3 measurement index and method
Grass yield: harvesting in each cell when the growth height of the pasture is about 25cm, selecting half area of the cell during harvesting, removing 50cm line heads, measuring the yield of the rest area by total mowing, then converting into acre yield, and converting into hay yield by fresh-dry ratio. And (5) repeatedly mowing in sequence, and counting the annual grass yield.
And (3) measuring nutrient indexes: the yield of grass is measured, and the content of Crude Protein (CP) is measured by Kjeldahl method.
2 results and analysis
2.1 comparison of grass yield and related agronomic performance indexes and crude protein content under different hairy vetch row spacing treatment
The test results show that (table 1), the annual fresh grass yield and the annual hay yield are the lowest of 0cm (wild pasture), the grass yield under different row spacing is in a descending trend along with the increase of the planting row spacing of the vetch, the grass yield under the planting row spacing of 100cm is higher than that of the 0cm (wild pasture), but the variance analysis is not obvious. The planting of the hair vetch can obviously improve the crude protein content of pasture, the crude protein content of 0cm (wild pasture) is the lowest, the crude protein content of the mixed pasture is reduced along with the increase of the planting row spacing of the hair vetch, but the crude protein content of the 100cm planting row spacing is also obviously higher than that of 0cm (wild pasture). Therefore, the sowing row spacing of the vetch with the length of 20cm-100cm set by the test can effectively improve the grass yield and the crude protein content of the wild pasture, improve the quality of the forage grass and simultaneously improve the livestock carrying capacity of the pasture.
TABLE 1 comparison of annual grass yield and crude protein content for different hair vetch row spacing treatments
3 conclusion of the test
The planting mode of intercropping the wild pasture with the leguminous pasture such as the vetch seed solves the problems that the wild pasture has low yield and poor quality, and the lower leaves of the leguminous pasture such as the vetch seed creep growth are yellow to influence the quality. For grazing grasslands, the method is a good planting mode which saves labor, time, labor and cost, can obviously improve the productivity and planting benefit of the grasslands and further promotes the increase of economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. A method for establishing artificial grazing grassland suitable for dry farming rain-fed areas in Huang-Huai-Hai is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: leguminous forage grass can be sowed in the suitable planting area in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months according to local climatic conditions, and the leguminous forage grass can be sowed directly at a suitable period; the inter-row makes full use of local wild pasture resources and constructs artificial grazing grassland in a natural pasture growing way;
the second step is that: the leguminous forage grass seeding adopts row spacing of more than 20cm, and the maximum row spacing is not more than 1 m;
the third step: starting grazing when the growth height of the pasture reaches 20-25 cm; when the grazing feeding height is reduced to 5cm-8cm, the grazing is forbidden, the grazing is performed again after the growth height of the pasture reaches 20cm-25cm again, and the grazing is repeated in the mode;
the fourth step: according to the fertility status of soil, broadcasting and fertilizing before rainfall during the period of 'husbandry rest';
the fifth step: if a small amount of toxic weeds are found in the grassland, the weeds can be manually removed in time.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115024069A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-09 | 青海大学 | Fertilizing method for artificial high and cold grassland |
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| CN107371675A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-24 | 兰州大学 | A kind of method using alfalfa Festuca Arundinacea mixed sward grazing management domestic animal |
| JP2019078067A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社石勝エクステリア | Lawn planting structure |
| CN108934677A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-12-07 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of method that apple orchard mixing sward attracts breeding natural enemy prevention and treatment Apple Pests |
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| CN115024069A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-09 | 青海大学 | Fertilizing method for artificial high and cold grassland |
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