CN108207508B - Medlar garden soil planting improvement - Google Patents
Medlar garden soil planting improvement Download PDFInfo
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- CN108207508B CN108207508B CN201810216860.7A CN201810216860A CN108207508B CN 108207508 B CN108207508 B CN 108207508B CN 201810216860 A CN201810216860 A CN 201810216860A CN 108207508 B CN108207508 B CN 108207508B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Matrimony vine garden soil is joined in marriage and is planted the improvement, includes: radish is planted in the medlar garden before and after the beginning of autumn; carrying out normal management on the medlar garden before freezing the soil in winter; the radish which is prepared and planted is naturally decomposed through wintering and returned to the field in full; and performing decrement fertilization on the medlar garden after the soil is thawed in spring. The invention can realize the fixation of soil nutrient moisture in autumn, release and supplement the soil nutrient and moisture in the root area of the medlar in the beginning of spring decomposition in the next year, simultaneously improve the organic matter content of the soil in the root area, improve the physical and chemical properties and the micro-ecological environment of the soil in the root area of the medlar plant, reduce the excessive application of water and fertilizer, increase the yield of the medlar, improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and moisture in a medlar garden and reduce the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an economic forest cultivation technology, in particular to a planting and improving method of medlar garden soil.
Background
As an important economic plant with homology of medicine and food, medlar is always favored by people and has the reputation of 'the world medlar looks at China'. Along with the development of social economy, the health requirements of people are more diversified and generalized, and the requirements of a Chinese wolfberry product are more and more abundant as the large health industry is transported. The Chinese wolfberry industry is vigorously developed by taking full advantage of local resources in northwest regions of China. The high-efficiency cultivation technology of the medlar is particularly important for improving the yield and the quality of the medlar and optimizing the northwest ecological environment.
The medlar is a fruit tree with the same period of flowers and fruits and with unlimited inflorescence and the harvesting period as long as four months, the matched cultivation technology is relatively complex, and particularly in the aspects of water and fertilizer demand and supply, the traditional management measures of medlar 'like water and fertilizer' large water and large fertilizer and saturated winter irrigation are formed for a long time; on the other hand, aiming at the characteristic that the medlar is taken as a perennial economic plant, the plant grows at a fixed position for a long time, the root area has less cultivation and less organic matter supplement, so that the problems of excessive fertilization in the local area of the root area, nutrient leaching loss, low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, environmental pollution, damaged soil structure of the root area, deteriorated micro-ecological environment and the like generally exist in the production management of the medlar garden, and the breakthrough of the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the medlar industry is limited to a great extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the soil quality of medlar gardens in northern areas, particularly northwest areas, and reduce environmental pollution.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of improving soil in a northern lycium barbarum plantation, comprising:
radish is planted in the medlar garden before and after the beginning of autumn;
carrying out normal management on the medlar garden before freezing the soil in winter;
the radish which is prepared and planted is naturally decomposed through wintering and returned to the field in full; and
and (4) performing decrement fertilization on the medlar garden after the soil is thawed in spring.
According to the method of the invention, the radish is planted preferably in the beginning of autumn and the radish seeding is completed within three days. The selection of the seeding period allows the radish to grow and subsequently decay very smoothly.
According to the method, white radish varieties with the growth period of 60-80 days and the main root system of more than 30cm (with developed fibrous roots) can be further selected for matching planting when the white radish is matched and planted. The radish variety is selected, so that the soil components of the grown radish can be uniformly improved after the radish is rotted.
According to the method, the radish rows are preferably parallel to the Chinese wolfberry rows when the radish is planted, the radish seeding rows are about 20cm away from the Chinese wolfberry planting rows, the radish plant spacing is about 20cm, and the seeding depth is 1-2cm below the ground surface. The seeding mode can ensure that the seeding and the growth of the radishes can not interfere the normal growth of the Chinese wolfberry, and meanwhile, the radishes can automatically provide proper nutrients for the corresponding Chinese wolfberry after being naturally rotten.
According to the method, before the radish is sowed, a layer of wheat bran can be paved about 4cm below the ground surface of the row of radishes to be sowed, wherein the thickness of the wheat bran is about 5mm, and the width of the wheat bran is about 5 cm. When soil organic matters are further improved, the wheat bran is selected, so that the grown radish has higher water content and is easier to naturally rot in the later period; in addition, the wheat bran can further help to moisturize the soil.
According to the method of the invention, the selected white radish cultivar is also preferably subjected to the following treatments: soaking the white radish seeds in an aqueous solution containing forchlorfenuron and gibberellin for 20-40 minutes at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the forchlorfenuron content in the aqueous solution is 0.5-1 mg/L, and the gibberellin content is 60-80 mg/L. After the treatment, the radish grows fast and is obviously enlarged, and leaves are easy to fall and naturally rot in the later period.
According to the method, every two rows of Chinese wolfberry are spaced by about 3 meters, and two rows of radishes are planted on the two sides of every row of Chinese wolfberry by 20cm respectively. The arrangement mode enables the matching and planting to be more scientific and reasonable.
According to the method of the invention, secondary lines such as spinach, mustard or sweet broad pea can be further sown in the vacant areas between adjacent radish lines of two adjacent lines of lycium barbarum, preferably spinach, and the secondary lines are also returned to the field in full. The selective planting of spinach and the like and the total amount of the spinach and the like are rotted and returned to the field, so that the soil quality of the medlar garden can be more comprehensively improved, and the medlar with specific performance can be obtained.
After the radish is sown and seedlings emerge, grow and before decomposition, the normal (traditional) water and fertilizer management of the medlar garden soil is continued, after the radish is decomposed in winter and the soil is thawed in the spring of the second year, the application amount of the medlar garden soil organic fertilizer is reduced to 20-40% of the conventional application amount, the application amount of the spring fertilizer is reduced by 10-20%, and the conventional water management or the appropriate watering amount reduction can be adopted for the water management.
The method can quickly improve the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer of the soil in the root area of the medlar garden, realize the fixation of the soil nutrient and the water in the root area in autumn, decay and release in the next spring to supplement the soil nutrient and the water in the root area of the medlar, simultaneously improve the content of organic matters in the soil in the root area, and improve the soil structure, thereby achieving the purposes of quickly improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and the water in the current season of the medlar garden, improving the physical and chemical properties and the micro-ecological environment of the soil in the root area of medlar plants, reducing the excessive application of the water and fertilizer and reducing the.
The invention also has the following advantages:
(1) compared with the traditional production management, the organic matter of 0-40cm on the surface layer of the root zone soil is improved by 6.59-30.85%, the volume weight is reduced by 3.23-9.95%, and the structural characteristics of the soil are obviously improved;
(2) compared with the traditional production management, the nutrient-retaining capacity of the root zone soil is enhanced to a certain extent, and particularly the content of quick-acting nitrogen in the soil with the surface layer of 0-20cm is increased by 42.24-56.55%, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is increased by 17.08-29.31%, and the content of quick-acting potassium is increased by 6.00-14.28%;
(3) compared with the traditional production management, the root zone soil micro-ecological environment is optimized, the number and abundance of soil microorganisms are increased, the carbon content of soil microorganisms is increased by 5.39-54.31% on average, and the nitrogen content of soil microorganisms is increased by more than 20.09-74.98% on average; and
(4) compared with the traditional production management, the yield of the medlar in the second year is improved, and the yield increase proportion is 3.55-12.59%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plant arrangement mode of a medlar garden root zone according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative only and not limiting of the invention.
Example 1
Medlar garden for test
Variety: ningqi No. 6; the age of the tree: 5-year-old medlar; the row spacing is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 1 meter; soil type: and (4) sandy soil.
Radish for matching and planting
Variety: white jade root (available from the institute of agriculture, Lichang, Beijing Ke); seeds not treated
Sowing time: 2016, 8 months and 8 days
A sowing mode: referring to fig. 1, the radish rows are parallel to the Chinese wolfberry rows, the radish seeding rows are about 20cm away from the Chinese wolfberry planting rows, the radish plant spacing is about 20cm, and the seeding depth is 1-2cm below the ground surface
Medlar garden production management
An irrigation mode: and (3) carrying out double-pipe drip irrigation, wherein the irrigation is carried out once in 4-6 days in the whole growth period, the irrigation time is 4 hours each time, the irrigation quantity is 10 square/mu, and the irrigation quantity is 50 square/mu after one-time winter irrigation is carried out before freezing in winter.
A fertilizing mode: changes the traditional management, namely 'hole application of medlar root zone soil, spring organic fertilizer +3 times of fertilizer dressing' into: the organic fertilizer is reduced by 20% in spring in the second year, the fertilizer application amount for the first time is reduced by 10%, and the other implementation modes and the fertilizer amount are managed by the same tradition method.
Comparative example 1
The method is characterized in that no crop is planted, the fertilization mode is the same as the traditional management, the irrigation is carried out by adopting the traditional flood irrigation, the irrigation is carried out once in 10-20 days in the whole growth period, the irrigation is carried out 8-10 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation quantity is 40 square/mu each time, the winter irrigation is carried out once before the winter is frozen, until the soil is saturated, and the irrigation quantity is 60 square/mu. Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
The comparison of the results of example 1 and comparative example 1 is shown in tables 1 and 2 below.
Table 1: example 1 and comparative example 1 influence on soil available nutrients and soil microorganism amount of carbon and nitrogen of root zone plough layer soil respectively
Table 2: example 1 and comparative example 1 influence the organic matter of the soil in the root zone, the water content of the soil, the volume weight of the soil and the yield of medlar respectively
Remarking: soil organic matter, soil volume water content, soil volume weight, soil plough layer nutrients, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are measured by soil sampling in 7 months and 30 days in 2017 (before the third additional fertilization), and the sampling point is 20cm away from the Chinese wolfberry plant.
Compared with the comparative example 1 of the traditional production management, the organic matter of 0-40cm on the surface layer of the root zone soil of the example 1 of the invention is averagely improved by 30.85 percent, the volume weight is averagely reduced by 9.95 percent, and the structural characteristics of the soil are obviously improved.
Compared with the comparative example 1 of the traditional production management, the root zone soil of the embodiment 1 of the invention has a certain degree of enhancement of the nutrient maintaining capability, and particularly, the content of quick-acting nitrogen, the content of quick-acting phosphorus and the content of quick-acting potassium in the soil with the surface layer of 0-20cm are respectively increased by 44.40%, 21.53% and 8.61%.
Compared with comparative example 1 of traditional production management, the root zone soil micro-ecological environment of example 1 of the invention is optimized, the number and abundance of soil microorganisms are increased, the carbon content of soil microorganisms is increased by 5.39-50.70% on average, and the nitrogen content of soil microorganisms is increased by 20.09-22.35% on average.
Compared with the comparative example 1 of the traditional production management, the fresh wolfberry fruit yield in the second year in the embodiment 1 of the invention is increased by 12.59%.
Example 2
Medlar garden for test
Variety: ningqi No. 7; the age of the tree: 4-year-old medlar; the row spacing is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 1 meter; soil type: chestnut calcium soil.
Radish for matching and planting
Variety: the same as example 1; seeds not treated
Sowing time: 2016 (8 months) and 9 days
A sowing mode: in the same way as example 1, a layer of wheat bran is pre-spread about 4cm below the ground surface of the radish row to be sowed, wherein the thickness of the wheat bran is about 5mm, and the width of the wheat bran is about 5cm
Medlar garden production management
An irrigation mode: flood irrigation is carried out, water is irrigated for 8 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation amount is 40 square/mu each time, and winter irrigation is carried out once until the soil is saturated before freezing in winter, and the irrigation amount is 60 square/mu.
A fertilizing mode: same as example 1
Example 3
Treating seeds during radish planting: the white radish seeds are soaked in a treating agent (aqueous solution) containing forchlorfenuron and gibberellin for 30 minutes at the temperature of 28 ℃, wherein the content of the forchlorfenuron in the treating agent is 0.8 mg/L, and the content of the gibberellin is 70 mg/L. The rest is the same as example 2.
Example 4
And sowing spinach secondary matching rows in an idle area between adjacent radish rows of two adjacent rows of Chinese wolfberry during matching planting. The rest is the same as example 3.
Comparative example 2
The fertilization mode is the same as the traditional management without planting any crop, and the rest is the same as the example 2.
The results of examples 2-4 are shown in tables 3 and 4 below in comparison with those of comparative example 2.
Table 3: examples 2-4 and comparative example 2 influence on soil available nutrients and soil microbial biomass carbon nitrogen in the root zone plough layer soil respectively
Table 4: examples 2-4 and comparative example 2 influence the organic matter of the soil in the root zone, the water content of the soil, the volume weight of the soil and the yield of Lycium barbarum, respectively
Remarking: soil organic matter, soil volume water content, soil volume weight, soil plough layer nutrients, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are measured by soil sampling in 7 months and 30 days in 2017 (before the third additional fertilization), and the sampling point is 20cm away from the Chinese wolfberry plant.
Compared with the comparative example 2 of the traditional production management, the organic matter of 0-40cm on the surface layer of the root zone soil of the example 2 of the invention is averagely improved by 9.69 percent, the volume weight is averagely reduced by 3.25 percent, and the structural characteristics of the soil are obviously improved. The organic matter of 0-40cm on the surface layer of the soil is averagely improved by 6.59 percent and 12.72 percent respectively in the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 4; the volume weight of the soil is respectively reduced by 3.23 percent and 5.72 percent.
Compared with comparative example 2 of traditional production management, the soil in root zones of examples 2-4 of the invention has a certain degree of enhancement of nutrient-keeping capacity, wherein the content of quick-acting nitrogen, the content of quick-acting phosphorus and the content of quick-acting potassium in the soil with the surface layer of 0-20cm of example 2 are increased by 56.55%, 17.08% and 14.28%. Example 3 three nutrients were increased 49.39%, 23.12% and 6.00% respectively; example 4 the three nutrients were increased by 42.24%, 29.31% and 12.04%, respectively.
In the embodiment 2-4 of the invention, the soil micro-ecological environment of the root zone of the Chinese wolfberry is optimized, and the number and the abundance of soil microorganisms are increased. Compared with comparative example 2 of traditional production management, the soil microorganism carbon of example 2 is increased by 40.28-68.33% on average, and the soil microorganism nitrogen is increased by 22.35-112.60% on average; example 3 soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increases by 35.92-40.24% and 17.44-132.52%, respectively; example 4 soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen increases 31.21-66.63% and 43.00-100.00%, respectively.
Compared with the comparative example 2 of the traditional production management, the yield of the fresh wolfberry fruits in the second year is increased by 6.45 percent in the example 2 of the invention. The yield of the products of example 3 and example 4 is increased by 3.55% and 7.63%, respectively.
According to the invention, radish is planted, so that the soil nutrient and moisture can be fixed in autumn, the soil nutrient and moisture in the root area of the medlar can be supplemented by the release of the radish through decomposition in the beginning of spring in the next year, the organic matter content of the soil in the root area can be increased, the physical and chemical properties and the micro-ecological environment of the soil in the root area of the medlar plant can be improved, the excessive application of water and fertilizer can be reduced, the yield of the medlar can be increased, the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and moisture in the medlar garden can be.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving medlar garden soil in northwest China comprises the following steps:
radish is planted in the medlar garden before and after the beginning of autumn;
carrying out normal management on the medlar garden before freezing the soil in winter;
the radish which is prepared and planted is naturally decomposed through wintering and returned to the field in full; and
after the soil is unfrozen in spring, the medlar garden is subjected to decrement fertilization,
wherein the radish planting is realized by sowing in the beginning of autumn and finishing radish sowing in three days;
selecting a white radish variety with the growth period of 60-80 days and the main root system of more than 30cm for co-planting, and carrying out the following treatment on the selected white radish variety: soaking the white radish seeds in an aqueous solution containing forchlorfenuron and gibberellin for 20-40 minutes at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the forchlorfenuron content in the aqueous solution is 0.5-1 mg/L, and the gibberellin content is 60-80 mg/L;
the radish planting method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out radish planting, wherein radish rows are parallel to Chinese wolfberry rows when radish is planted, radish seeding rows are about 20cm away from Chinese wolfberry planting rows, radish plant distances are about 20cm, and seeding depth is 1-2cm below the ground surface;
before the radish is sowed, a layer of wheat bran is paved about 4cm below the ground surface of the row of radishes to be sowed, wherein the thickness of the wheat bran is about 5mm, and the width of the wheat bran is about 5 cm;
wherein every line of matrimony vine is 3 meters apart or so, join in marriage two lines of turnip respectively at every line of matrimony vine both sides 20cm punishment to in the idle zone between the adjacent turnip row of two adjacent lines of matrimony vine seeding spinach row that joins in marriage, spinach row that joins in marriage also the total is returned to the field.
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| CN108207508B true CN108207508B (en) | 2019-12-20 |
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| CN111903272A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-10 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Safe and efficient orchard soil improvement method |
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| CN104541908A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | High-yield oil-tea camellia cultivation method |
| CN105993486A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Diversified cultivation mode for broad beans, lycium chinense, myoga, loofah and tomato in greenhouse |
| CN106069061A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-09 | 梁河县茶叶技术推广站 | A kind of tea place, High aititude arid area interplanting Radix Raphani drought-resistant water-preserving method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101606508A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-23 | 甘肃条山集团农林科学研究所 | The method of ecologically breeding black-bone chickens in medlar garden |
| CN105052448A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Relay cropping method of matrimony vines and peanuts in saline-alkali land |
| CN105993515A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 甘肃中医药大学 | Method for intercropping lycium barbarum and honeysuckles in arid desert area |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104541908A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | High-yield oil-tea camellia cultivation method |
| CN105993486A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Diversified cultivation mode for broad beans, lycium chinense, myoga, loofah and tomato in greenhouse |
| CN106069061A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-09 | 梁河县茶叶技术推广站 | A kind of tea place, High aititude arid area interplanting Radix Raphani drought-resistant water-preserving method |
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