CN101974910A

CN101974910A - Ecological restoration method for side slope of tailing pond later dam under condition of no earthing

Info

Publication number: CN101974910A
Application number: CN 201010285841
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴宏文; 周连碧; 郑学敏
Original assignee: Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Current assignee: Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Priority date: 2010-09-17
Filing date: 2010-09-17
Publication date: 2011-02-16
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-17
Also published as: CN101974910B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of mine wasteland, and relates to a slope vegetation stable ecological restoration technology of a tailing pond non-covered soil later-stage dam, which is realized by planting vetiver grass and sowing slope greening grass seeds between vetiver grass seedling rows to form a sand-fixing root system network. Wherein the slope greening grass seeds are bermudagrass, alfalfa, white clover and Shazhangwang in a ratio of 5-10: 1-2. The method provided by the invention is used for carrying out ecological restoration on the side slope of the tailing later dam under the condition without earthing, a stable vegetation layer is established, and the side slope is stabilized, the water and soil are kept, and runoff and tailing sand dust are inhibited.

Description

The ecological restoring method of later stage dam, the mine tailing storehouse side slope under the no earthing condition

Technical field

The invention belongs to abandoned land ecological reestablishment field, mine, the side slope vegetation that relates to a kind of mine tailing storehouse and do not have mulching soil later stage dam is stablized ecological reestablishment.

Background technology

The mine tailing storehouse is an indispensable important component part in the mine ore dressing production procedure facility.Mine tailing storehouse dam body is stablizing of later stage dam side slope particularly, is the lifeline of mine tailing storehouse safe operation.How the later stage dam, mine tailing storehouse of China's wet method discharging mine tailing is built to have the thick CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heap that satisfies the engineering mechanics requirement of strength.Build technology according to this a pile, follow the tailings discharging process, by rising certain absolute altitude on the mine tailing storehouse, constructing mine tailing later stage dam step by step stage by stage.Store up mine tailing storage capacity to satisfy, to force down phreatic line and make the safe operation requirement of mine tailing storehouse.

After mine tailing storehouse later stage Ba Dui built and finishes, owing to the bulk characteristics of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, side slope was met precipitation and is very easily produced soil erosion, in the serious zone of wind erosion, easily produce the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND airborne dust, even " mine tailing sandstorm " generation frequency was also very high.For preventing erosion and harm such as serious airborne dust, guarantee later stage dam stability of slope, traditional measure is outside each after date phase dam on the side slope, the mulching soil layer, general overlying soil thickness 300～500mm, then, plant grass planting on the overburden layer surface and irritate kind, with ecology recovering.

The numerous mines of China are distributed in stone district, remote mountains, and it is desirable that particularly southern many mines do not have soil, and fetching earth in purchase that have even other arable land, not only causing the loss of ploughing, and having improved the mine cost of production greatly.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of later stage dam, mine tailing storehouse side slope ecological renovation method that does not have under the earthing condition, by plantation vetiver and sowing greening side slope grass seeds, the root system network that constitutes solid sand is realized.

Described greening side slope grass seeds is Bermuda grass, alfalfa, Bai Sanye and prairie milk vetch, and the seed quality ratio is 5～10: 1～2: 1～2: 1～2, be preferably 8: 1: 1: 1.

Later stage dam, mine tailing storehouse side slope ecological renovation method under the no earthing condition provided by the invention specifically comprises the steps:

1) mine tailing storehouse later stage dam side slope is divided the operation area every 30～50m;

2) excavate wide 20cm by later stage dam, mine tailing storehouse isohypse, the seedling plantation ditch of dark 15cm, described plantation ditch begins excavation apart from sloping body top 0.5m, every contour interval 1m excavation delegation, totally 3 goes, down, by contour interval 1.5m excavation plantation ditch.

3) executing mass ratio in the ditch is 1～2: 1～2: 0.5～1 fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and composite fertilizer are as base fertilizer, and total amount is 80～100g/m ²

4) 1～3 strain vetiver down in the plantation ditches of 3～4 row, is planted every the 10cm kind in top, side slope top, and the top down in the following plantation ditches of 3～4 row plantation ditches, is planted 1～3 strain vetiver every the 15cm kind, and watered normal root water;

5) seedling capable between the grass seeds of the above-mentioned greening side slope of sowing, depth of planting is 2～3cm, application rate is 8～12g/m ², and to impose mass ratio be 1～2: 2～3 fertilizer and composite fertilizer.

Also comprise fostering and control measures of later stage, specific as follows:

1) annual vegetation turn green, before the rainy season before freeze-up, the vetiver growing area is respectively applied fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: composite fertilizer's ratio is 1～2: 1～2; 0.5～1, consumption is 30～50g/m ²

2) arrange in full summer every year to prune vetiver once, keep careless height of seedling degree 0.8m～1.2m;

3) utilize many vetiver plant that tillers in early days, in time the damage plant is reseeded;

4), add water 1～2 time, the solar heat protection evil as dry year;

5) in time remove the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND of gland vegetable layer;

6) routine observation vegetation growing way is in time taked pest control measure.

The present invention utilizes the powerful root system power (dark Gen Keda 2m) of bank protection plant vetiver, the root system network of dark, the shallow collocation of crawling that the high fast grass seeds of well developed root system, coverage forms for the face of land of representative with Bermuda grass, realize directly fixedly mine tailing storehouse sand side slope, constitute and stablize the domatic vegetational type's system of controlling.Mine tailing storehouse side slope does not need earthing, can directly be planted on the thick CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND dam, has realized stablizing mine tailing storehouse side slope with bioanalysis.According to method provided by the invention later stage dam, mine tailing storehouse side slope under the no earthing condition is carried out restoration of the ecosystem, set up firm vegetable layer, have stable side slope simultaneously, conserve water and soil, suppress the effect of runoff, CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND airborne dust.

The specific embodiment

Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, modification or replacement to the inventive method, step or condition are done all belong to scope of the present invention.

If do not specialize the conventional means that used technological means is well known to those skilled in the art among the embodiment.

Embodiment 1

Area carries out restoration of the ecosystem in the copper mining tailing storehouse CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND side slope more than 13 hectares, comprises the steps:

1) smooth for the protection later stage dam scope of operation, do not change the loose media design grade, last side slope is carried out the division of operation area every 50m;

2) press later stage dam, mine tailing storehouse isohypse excavation seedling plantation ditch, begin excavation apart from top 0.5m, close on the ditch spacing to spacing 1m, excavation 3 row, plantation ditch spacing 1.5m down guarantees that stronger wind resistance, rain ability are arranged at top.Plantation furrow width 20cm, dark 15cm.

3) executing mass ratio in the ditch is 1: 1: 0.6 fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, composite fertilizer, and total consumption is decided according to area, is 100g/m ²Wherein fertilizer is the chicken manure fermenting fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and composite fertilizer is N, P, K composite fertilizer, available from jiangsu wuxi Poly chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd.

4) plantation vetiver in the plantation ditch, the vetiver spacing in the rows of top 3 row plantation ditches is 10cm, the spacing in the rows of vetiver is 15cm in this 3 row plantation ditch plantation ditch down, according to the specification size of vetiver plant, plantation 1～3 strain of every place.After the plantation, water normal root water.

5) seedling of vetiver capable between the sowing ratio be 8: 1: 1: 1 Bermuda grass, alfalfa, Bai Sanye and prairie milk vetch seed, the seed consumption is decided according to area, is 10g/m ²The planting seed degree of depth is 3cm.Apply fertilizer behind the planting seed, use mass ratio and be 1: 2 fertilizer and composite fertilizer.

6) formulate the detailed later stage and fostered and managed and protected measure:

1. annual vegetation turned green before rainy season before preceding, freeze-up, and the vetiver growing area is respectively applied fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: composite fertilizer's ratio is that 1: 1: 0.6 consumption is 40g/m ²

2. arrange in full summer every year to prune vetiver once, generally keep about careless height of seedling degree 1m.

3. find to have on domatic the plant damage, in time reseed careless seedling, can utilize many plant that tillers in early days.

4. meet dry year, add water 1～2 time, the solar heat protection evil.

5. in time remove the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND of gland vegetable layer.

6. routine observation vegetation growing way, the prevention and elimination of disease and pests of in time taking measures.

Later stage dam side slope after the reparation, vegetation is stable, and conservation of soil and water amount is more than 95%, dark green, the dense vegetation of the side slope face of land, reservoir area a slice, coverage surpasses 90%, and control airborne dust ecological effect is obvious.Reservoir area side slope part vegetation kind is procreation voluntarily.The place vegetation does not require meticulous fostering, and is low level management substantially.Group's long-term stability that various plants constitutes, reached plant behind the earthing by effect, vegetable layer does not have obvious degradation phenomena, has tangible economy, society and environmental benefit.

Embodiment 2

Basic process is with embodiment 1, and the mass ratio of different is Bermuda grass, alfalfa, Bai Sanye and prairie milk vetch seed is 10: 2: 2: 2, and the sowing total amount is 12g/m ²

Embodiment 3

Basic process is with embodiment 1, and the ratio of the fertilizer that different is uses in the vetiver plantation ditch, phosphate fertilizer, composite fertilizer is 2: 2: 1, and using total amount is 80g/m ²

Claims

1. The ecological restoration method of the tailings late stage dam slope under a kind of no covering soil condition, it is characterized in that, the grass seed of planting vetiver and sowing slope greening constitutes the root system network of sand fixation.

2. The restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the slope greening grass seeds are sown between the rows of vetiver seedlings.

3. The restoration method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the slope greening grass species are bermudagrass, alfalfa, white clover and sandawang.

4. The restoration method according to claim 3, characterized in that, the mass ratio of the seeds of bermudagrass, alfalfa, white clover and sandawang is 5～10:1～2:1～2:1～2 .

5. The restoration method according to claim 4, characterized in that the mass ratio of the seeds of bermudagrass, alfalfa, white clover and sandawang is 8:1:1:1.

6. The repair method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

1) The dam slope in the later stage of the tailings pond is divided into operation areas every 30-50m;

2) Excavate a seedling planting ditch with a width of 20 cm and a depth of 15 cm according to the contour line of the dam in the later stage of the tailings. The planting ditch is excavated 0.5 m from the top, and 3 rows are excavated every 1 m between the contour lines. Excavation with a contour spacing of 1.5m;

3) Apply organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1 to 2:1 to 2:0.5 to 1 in the ditch as base fertilizer;

4) Plant 1-3 vetiver plants every 10cm in the upper 3 rows of planting ditch described in step 2), and plant 1-3 vetiver plants every 15cm in the planting ditch of the upper 3 rows of planting ditch , and water the roots;

5) Sow the above-mentioned slope greening grass seeds between the rows of vetiver seedlings, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1-2:2-3.

7. The restoration method according to claim 6, further comprising the care and management measures in the later stage, specifically as follows:

1) Every year before the vegetation turns green and before the rainy season before freezing, apply organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and compound fertilizer to the vetiver planting area, the mass ratio is 1-2:1-2:0.5-1, and the total dosage is 30-50g /m ² ;

2) Prune the vetiver once a year in midsummer to keep the height of the grass seedlings at 0.8m-1.2m;

3) Use the plants with many early tillers to replant the damaged grass seedlings in time;

4) In case of drought, add water 1 or 2 times to prevent heat damage;

5) timely remove the tailing sand of the cover vegetation layer;

6) Regularly observe the growth of vegetation and timely prevent and control pests and diseases.

8 . The restoration method according to claim 6 , characterized in that, the sowing rate of the slope greening grass seeds is 8-12 g/m ² .