CN101433167B - Earth column block for tree seedling cultivation and earth column seedling afforestation method - Google Patents
Earth column block for tree seedling cultivation and earth column seedling afforestation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101433167B CN101433167B CN200810240528.0A CN200810240528A CN101433167B CN 101433167 B CN101433167 B CN 101433167B CN 200810240528 A CN200810240528 A CN 200810240528A CN 101433167 B CN101433167 B CN 101433167B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for soil-column seedling culture and transplanting afforestation, wherein the transplanting afforestation method comprises the following steps of preparing soil-column blocks, using the soil-column blocks to cultivate tree/shrub seedlings and transplanting soil-column-block seedlings on site. The method can avoid the damage of bare-rooted seedling transplantation to tree root systems, as well as the problem of root-system coiling problem caused by container seedling transplantation, can enable transplanted seedlings to form root-system forms similar to self-generated trees so as to improve the survival rate of the seedlings and the adaptability of the seedlings to new environments, can avoid the destruction of fish-scale pits and other traditional afforestation methods to ground surface, and can reduce soil wind erosion. The method can be used for general flat-land afforestation, as well as slope-land, sandy-land and wasteland afforestation, and has obvious social, economic and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling-cultivating method and transplant method of forestation, earth pillar piece and the earth pillar seedling method of forestation of particularly under a kind of suitable severe land occupation condition, growing seedlings for forest tree seed.
Background technology
Traditional transplanting can be divided into bare area grow seedlings (bareroot seedling, native ball seedling) and the large class of container nursery (container seedling) two by forest seedling growth method.
In general, the Root Characteristics of self-sow trees is that main root is grown very much, lateral root seldom but thicker, that root system configuration shows as is thick, long, sparse, become network-like, this root system can penetrate deep subsoil and have a very wide distribution, not only play a major role to supporting trees weight, can also fixing soil, reduce water and soil loss.But Root morphology and the natural Root morphology of manually transplanting trees have larger difference.No matter the sapling that bare area is cultivated is bareroot seedling or native ball seedling, in the time of lifting, often need to cut off the main root of trees, promote the growth of lateral root and fibrous root, to improve the survival rate of nursery stock transplanting.The root system that has lacked main root will no longer stretch along gravity direction to deep subsoil, but forms the root system of similar to lateral root character thin, short, intensive form, and this root system can only be distributed in soil shallow-layer.Although the main root that the sapling that container is cultivated can avoid bare area to grow seedlings to bring destroys problem, but can produce the phenomenon of root system coiling, once the root growth lignification of coiling, this Root morphology will continue to keep, make the root system of container seedling also can only, along the direction growth of coiling, be difficult to penetrate deep subsoil after transplanting.
On level land or the place of thicker soil use bareroot seedling or container seedling to transplant afforestation, because soil condition is relatively good, even if the main root agensis of trees, lateral root and fibrous root can draw sufficient nutrient and moisture from soil, trees still can normal growth; But in hillside fields or the place that soil is barren, land occupation condition is poor, the root system of disappearance main root can not go deep among deep subsoil or rock crevice, make the artificial sapling of transplanting often be difficult to survive or retarded growth, and this root system is also limited to the supporting role of trees weight, while running into strong wind, trees are easily toppled over.
In recent years, along with the development of China's ecological construction, be not suitable in the past afforestation hillside fields, wasteland, sandstone etc. be also included into the scope of afforestation, and bareroot seedling and container seedling are unsatisfactory at the afforestation effect in these poor places of land occupation condition, change this situation, must cultivate sturdy, the upright nursery stock of main root, also will develop the transplanting method of this nursery stock of suitable planting simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to openly a kind of earth pillar piece of growing seedlings for forest tree seed.
The object of the invention is to open a kind of earth pillar piece seedling-cultivating method.
The present invention also aims to open a kind of earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of earth pillar piece of growing seedlings for forest tree seed, described earth pillar piece comprises cylinder type hollow soil block 1 or 5, in soil block, pack seedling nutritious soil 2 into, Nutrition Soil top layer is sown into forest tree seed 3, after seed sprouting, root system is grown downwards along cylinder type hollow, branches and leaves stretch out cylinder type hollow soil block and upwards grow, and form earth pillar seedling 4;
Described earth pillar piece is to adopt mould compacting to form after being mixed by clay, straw compost, diammonium phosphate (64%), water, the volume ratio 5-7 of clay and compost: 3-5, the adding proportion of diammonium phosphate (64%) is in 1 liter of clay and compost mixture, to add 0.6-0.9 gram of diammonium phosphate (64%); The volume ratio of clay and compost preferably 6: 4; The adding proportion of diammonium phosphate (64%) is in 1 liter of clay and compost mixture, to add 0.7 gram of diammonium phosphate; The consumption of water will increase and decrease according to the moisture situation of clay and straw compost, and its reference standard is: after holding tight mixed material, unclamp, material can scatter automatically;
Wherein broad-leaved sapling is 8-10 centimetre with the external diameter of earth pillar piece 1; The internal diameter of earth pillar piece is 2-4 centimetre; The height of earth pillar piece is 10-12 centimetre; Wherein preferably 9 centimetres of the external diameters of earth pillar piece 1 for broad-leaved sapling; Preferably 3 centimetres of the internal diameters of earth pillar piece; The preferred 11cm of height of earth pillar piece;
Needle sapling is 10-15 centimetre with the external diameter of earth pillar piece 5, and the internal diameter of earth pillar piece is 3-7 centimetre, and the height of earth pillar piece is 15-25 centimetre; Needle sapling is wrapped up with the appearance wire netting 6 of earth pillar piece 5, and wire netting width of mesh is 1-5 millimeter × 1-5 millimeter; Preferably 12 centimetres of the external diameters of needle sapling use earth pillar piece 5; Preferably 5 centimetres of the internal diameters of earth pillar piece; The preferred 20cm of height of earth pillar piece; Needle sapling is wrapped up with the appearance wire netting 6 of earth pillar piece 5, preferably 2 millimeters × 2 millimeters of wire netting width of meshs;
Described seedling nutritious soil is to be that 4-6: 3-2: 3-2 mixing is made by the volume ratio of clay, straw compost, the peat composed of rotten mosses, preferably 5: 3: 2;
Described forest tree seed is the seed after germination treatment, and sowing quantity can be estimated according to germination rate, determines seeding quantity taking the final 2-4 of formation young plant in each earth pillar piece as target, and seeding quantity is 2-7 grain, preferably 3-5 grain; Sowing depth is 1-3 centimetre, preferably 2 centimetres.
The invention provides the above-mentioned earth pillar piece seedling-cultivating method of application, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1: seedling nutritious soil inserted in above-mentioned earth pillar piece hollow under greenhouse and sowed earthing;
Step 2: adopt the mode of spraying to water, ensure that seedling nutritious soil is all the time in moisture state;
Step 3: after seed sprouting, form earth pillar seedling, seedling is shaded sun-proof, proper ventilation, and by liftoff earth pillar seedling built on stilts placement, terrain clearance 10-15cm, earth pillar piece bottom is in drying regime;
Step 4: in the time that seedling height reaches 5-10 centimetre, seedling is outdoor by moving in greenhouse or plastic tunnel, outdoor daily mean temperature will be 15 DEG C of left and right; When the height of broad-leaved tree earth pillar seedling reaches 15-20 centimetre, for transplanting afforestation, the height of coniferous tree earth pillar seedling reaches 30-50 centimetre for transplanting afforestation.
Its Root morphology of earth pillar seedling that adopts this method to cultivate is close with natural Root morphology, and the sturdy growth of main root, lateral root and fibrous root are less.Due within main root is limited in earth pillar piece, carrying, sapling root system can not come to harm while transplanting.After earth pillar transplantation of seedlings, main root can pass and penetrate deep subsoil from earth pillar piece bottom very soon, and the network-like distribution area of root system entirety is wide, is conducive to sapling and grows, and can prevent erosion by fixing soil again.
The invention provides earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1: place is transplanted in cleaning, removes weeds and rubble;
Step 2: get downward vertically diameter 18-20 centimetre, the heatable adobe sleeping platform (broad-leaved tree earth pillar seedling use, the heatable adobe sleeping platform diameter 22-25 centimetre that coniferous tree earth pillar seedling is used, degree of depth 50-60 centimetre) of degree of depth 40-50 centimetre at transplanting point;
Step 3: sprinkle 1-2 gram of diammonium phosphate (64%) in heatable adobe sleeping platform bottom, then fill water in hole;
Step 4: sprinkle water-loss reducer and compoiste fertilizer along heatable adobe sleeping platform surface, water-loss reducer consumption is 0.1-0.2 liter, compoiste fertilizer consumption 20-30 gram; Wherein water-loss reducer has suctioned moisture;
Step 5: after underground water has oozed, the water-loss reducer on heatable adobe sleeping platform surface, compoiste fertilizer are shoveled into heatable adobe sleeping platform together with table soil, the degree of depth of banketing, for the near coal-mine 10 centimetres of left and right of distance, then stirs table soil, water-loss reducer, compoiste fertilizer in heatable adobe sleeping platform;
Step 6: pour appropriate water into, wait mixture to stir into mud in the table soil in hole; Earth pillar seedling is inserted among the interior mud in hole, and mud will not just be entered at the top of earth pillar;
Step 7: at mud surface coverage Material of preserving soil moisture, then at the dry ground of 2-3 centimetre of thickness of Material of preserving soil moisture surface coverage; Material of preserving soil moisture is: nonwoven, straw, wheat straw, corn stalk or kaoliang stalk etc. any one;
Step 8: finishing heatable adobe sleeping platform periphery physical features makes it to become gradually skewed to heatable adobe sleeping platform mouth, has then repaiied at heatable adobe sleeping platform periphery the earth cofferdam that diameter is 1 meter of left and right, high 10 centimetres of left and right, and cofferdam opening is towards the higher part of physical features; Step 9: cofferdam is fixed and filled water in cofferdam afterwards, after water infiltrates completely, the soil of loose earth pillar shoot root portion.
The invention provides a kind of novel earth pillar piece forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method and earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation, the method can avoid bareroot seedling to transplant the injury to tree root, and container seedling is transplanted the root system coiling problem producing; Can make transplanted plantlet form the Root morphology similar to spontaneous trees, thereby improve plant percent and the adaptability to new environment; The destruction that can avoid traditional method of forestation such as fish scale pit to produce earth's surface, reduces soil wind erosion amount; Earth pillar transplantation of seedlings can be carried out at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji, thereby the northern area of China Afforestation Time is extended.The method both can be afforested for general level land, also can be for hillside fields, sand ground, afforestation; There are obvious social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1-1～Fig. 1-4 earth pillar piece and earth pillar seedling schematic diagram
Fig. 1-1 cylinder type hollow soil block (broad-leaved tree is used) 1 front view
Fig. 1-2 cylinder type hollow soil block sectional view
In Fig. 1-3, there is the cylinder type hollow soil block schematic diagram of earth pillar seedling
Fig. 1-4 cylinder type hollow soil block (coniferous tree is used) 5 front views
1 cylinder type hollow soil block (broad-leaved tree is used), 2 seedling nutritious soils, 3 forest tree seeds, 4 earth pillar seedlings, 5 cylinder type hollow soil blocks (coniferous tree is used), 6 wire nettings;
The signal of Fig. 2-1～Fig. 2-9 earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation
The signal of Fig. 2-1 punching specification
Fig. 2-2 apply fertilizer to the subsoil by (phosphate fertilizer) and water the signal of first pass water
Fig. 2-3 add water-loss reducer and composite fertilizer's signal
Mixing of materials signal in the heatable adobe sleeping platform of Fig. 2-4
Second time water stirred slurry signal are watered in Fig. 2-5
The signal of earth pillar seedling is inserted in Fig. 2-6
Fig. 2-7 cover nonwoven signal
Fig. 2-8 cover dry ground signal
Fig. 2-9 are built earth cofferdam and are watered the 3rd time water signal
7 heatable adobe sleeping platforms, 8 water, 9 phosphate fertilizer, 10 water-loss reducers, 11 compoiste fertilizers, 12 table soil, 13 mud, 4 earth pillar seedlings, 14 nonwoven, 15 dry ground, 16 earth cofferdams.
Following experimental example and embodiment are used for further illustrating but are not limited to the present invention.
Experimental example 1 earth pillar piece of the present invention is grown seedlings and transplants experiment
Soil and compost are fully mixed for 6: 4 by volume, add fertilizer in the ratio that adds 50 grams of diammonium phosphate (64%) in every 70 liters of mixed materials, then in material, add water gradually, the consumption of water will increase and decrease according to the moisture situation of clay and straw compost, its reference standard is: after holding tight mixed material, unclamp, material can scatter automatically.Use particular manufacturing craft that material is pressed into cylinder type hollow soil block 1,9 centimetres of earth pillar piece 1 external diameters, 3 centimetres of internal diameters, height 11cm, then earth pillar piece 1 is put into shelter from the sun and places 2-3 days, after earth pillar piece is slightly dry, seedling nutritious soil 2 (being mixed by the volume ratio of 5: 3: 2 by clay, straw compost and the peat composed of rotten mosses) is inserted among earth pillar piece hollow.Be sown into the forest tree seed 3 through germination treatment apart from 2cm place, earth pillar piece upper end, sowing quantity can be estimated according to germination rate, as target determines seeding quantity, be generally 3-5 grain taking the final 2-4 of formation young plant in each earth pillar piece, then the surface of the seed cover seedling nutritious soil and with hand by it compacting.Sowing finishes rear earth pillar piece and will be placed on shelter from the sun, often water and make earth pillar piece and seedling nutritious soil all the time in moisture state, waters and preferably adopts little head sprinkling irrigation mode, avoids earth pillar piece to produce and wash away.
After planting germinating time is because of the different difference to some extent of seeds for earth pillar piece, and elm etc. can germinate after not having hard-shelled planting seed for about approximately one week, after the hard-shelled planting seed such as ansu apricot, approximately about one month, can germinate.Earth pillar piece seedling after germination will be maked somebody a mere figurehead placement, namely make earth pillar piece bottom depart from ground (10-15cm left and right), in the time that the main root of sapling grows into earth pillar piece bottom, once root system is felt the words that earth pillar piece bottom is dry environment, will stop downward growth, the root system that can ensure like this plant can not be exposed to earth pillar piece outside, is conducive to the transplanting of earth pillar piece seedling, is conducive to root system of plant yet and slightly becomes strong in the inner constantly length of earth pillar piece.Individual month of 2-3 after germination, the height of earth pillar piece seedling reaches 15-20cm, and limb just can be transplanted for scene after having lignification to a certain degree.The seedling standard of selecting when transplanting is: nursery stock main root does not stretch out outside earth pillar piece, the color of about seedling height 15-20cm, nursery stock leaf is dark, there is no excessive growth phenomenon.
Transplanting experimental period is in June, 2008, and transplanting place soil is barren grit soil, soil thickness 50-80cm, and the earth pillar piece seedling kind of transplanting has yellow horn, ansu apricot, elm, cloves, sea-buckthorn, flowering plum, caragana microphylla etc.After transplanting, earth pillar piece seedling provides moisture by natural precipitation completely, and after three months, the survival rate of earth pillar piece seedling is all more than 90%, and plant height has increased 0.4-2 doubly, and root system has increased doubly (table 1) of 0.7-4, and growth and development state is good.
Bearing status after the transplantation of seedlings of table 1 broad-leaved tree earth pillar
| Plant height when transplanting (cm) | Transplant latter one month plant height (cm) | Transplant latter two months plant heights (cm) | Transplant latter three months plant heights (cm) | Root length when transplanting (cm) | Transplant latter two months root lengths (cm) | Transplant latter three months survival rates (%) | |
| Yellow horn | 17.6 | 19.4 | 25.4 | 25.3 | 10 | 30 | 95 |
| Ansu apricot | 29.2 | 38.3 | 55.6 | 63.1 | 10 | 51 | 100 |
| Elm | 11.4 | 26.5 | 55.6 | 58.7 | 10 | 44 | 100 |
| Cloves | 3.9 | 6.5 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 10 | 50 | 99 |
| Sea-buckthorn | 4.9 | 11.5 | 25.8 | 32.0 | 10 | 17 | 95 |
| Flowering plum | 16.8 | 29.0 | 32.5 | 31.3 | 10 | 32 | 90 |
| Caragana microphylla | 6.4 | 7.2 | 11.0 | 13.2 | 10 | 22 | 100 |
Following embodiment can realize the effect of above-mentioned experimental example.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1, the cultivation of the preparation of earth pillar piece and earth pillar seedling
Soil and compost are fully mixed for 6: 4 by volume, add fertilizer in the ratio that adds 50 grams of diammonium phosphate (64%) in every 70 liters of mixed materials, then in material, add water gradually, the consumption of water will increase and decrease according to the moisture situation of clay and straw compost, its reference standard is: after holding tight mixed material, unclamp, material can scatter automatically.Use particular manufacturing craft that material is pressed into cylinder type hollow soil block 1,9 centimetres of earth pillar piece 1 external diameters, 3 centimetres of internal diameters, height 11cm, then earth pillar piece 1 is put into shelter from the sun and places 2-3 days, after earth pillar piece is slightly dry, seedling nutritious soil 2 (being mixed by the volume ratio of 5: 3: 2 by clay, straw compost and the peat composed of rotten mosses) is inserted among earth pillar piece hollow.Be sown into the forest tree seed 3 through germination treatment apart from 2cm place, earth pillar piece upper end, sowing quantity can be estimated according to germination rate, as target determines seeding quantity, be generally 3-5 grain taking the final 2-4 of formation young plant in each earth pillar piece, then the surface of the seed cover seedling nutritious soil and with hand by it compacting.Sowing finishes rear earth pillar piece and will be placed on shelter from the sun, often water and make earth pillar piece and seedling nutritious soil all the time in moisture state, waters and preferably adopts little head sprinkling irrigation mode, avoids earth pillar piece to produce and wash away.
Earth pillar piece seedling after earth pillar piece after planting germinates will be maked somebody a mere figurehead placement, namely make earth pillar piece bottom depart from ground (10-15cm left and right), in the time that the main root of sapling grows into earth pillar piece bottom, once root system is felt the words that earth pillar piece bottom is dry environment, will stop downward growth, the root system that can ensure like this plant can not be exposed to earth pillar piece outside, is conducive to the transplanting of earth pillar piece seedling, is conducive to root system of plant yet and slightly becomes strong in the inner constantly length of earth pillar piece.Individual month of 2-3 after germination, the height of earth pillar piece seedling reaches 15-20cm, and limb just can be transplanted for scene after having lignification to a certain degree.The seedling standard of selecting when transplanting is: nursery stock main root does not stretch out outside earth pillar piece, the color of about seedling height 15-20cm, nursery stock leaf is dark, there is no excessive growth phenomenon.
2, earth pillar transplantation of seedlings afforestation
Semiarid region wasteland, 15 ° of left and right of the gradient, soil thickness 15-20 centimetre, the Semi-weathering rock that underlies, soil grit content is higher.
Cleaning ground surface, removes rubble and float stone; Punch downwards to soil layer bottom with puncher, more shatter with the pneumatic pick decayed rock that will underlie, to draw out rubble and form 18 centimetres of diameters, the heatable adobe sleeping platform that the degree of depth is 40 centimetres, is sprinkled into 2 gram of 64% diammonium phosphate at the end, hole, will in hole, fill water (water); After treating that water in heatable adobe sleeping platform all infiltrates the end, hole, sprinkle 0.15 liter of the water-loss reducer and 30 grams of the compoiste fertilizers (N-P-K content: 20-20-20) that suction moisture along heatable adobe sleeping platform surrounded surface, then together with the topsoil of water-loss reducer, compoiste fertilizer and heatable adobe sleeping platform surrounding, shovel in hole, make that heatable adobe sleeping platform surrounded surface forms centered by near coal-mine, the pateriform covering of the fan of approximately 10 ° of-15 ° of left and right of the gradient; Table soil, water-loss reducer, compoiste fertilizer in heatable adobe sleeping platform are stirred with scuppit, then toward pouring (two water) in hole, mixture in hole is made to mud, mud should not be excessively rare; Earth pillar seedling entirety (sapling+earth pillar body) is inserted among mud, remains basically stable in earth pillar surface and mud surface, and then covering one deck size in earth pillar shoot root portion is 30 centimetres of nonwoven of 30 cm x (specifications: 30 grams/m
2), and cover dry ground in nonwoven surface, thickness of earth covering 2-3 centimetre left and right, finishing heatable adobe sleeping platform periphery physical features makes it to become gradually skewed to heatable adobe sleeping platform mouth, then repaiied at heatable adobe sleeping platform periphery the earth cofferdam that diameter is 1 meter of left and right, high 10 centimetres of left and right, cofferdam opening is towards the higher part of physical features, and the rainwater that is beneficial to periphery flows to cofferdam.Cofferdam is fixed and in cofferdam, is filled water (three water) afterwards, after water infiltrates completely, the soil loosening of earth pillar shoot root portion once.
Embodiment 2: needle sapling is prepared and grows seedlings with earth pillar piece
After being mixed by clay, straw compost, diammonium phosphate (64%), water, adopt mould compacting to form needle sapling earth pillar piece 5, the volume ratio of clay and compost 6: 4, the adding proportion of diammonium phosphate (64%) is in 1 liter of clay and compost mixture, to add 0.7 gram of diammonium phosphate (64%).; The consumption of water will increase and decrease according to the moisture situation of clay and straw compost, and its reference standard is: after holding tight mixed material, unclamp, material can scatter automatically.
Needle sapling is 12 centimetres with the external diameter of earth pillar piece 5, and the internal diameter of earth pillar piece is 5 centimetres, and the height of earth pillar piece is 20 centimetres.Needle sapling is wrapped up with the appearance wire netting 6 of earth pillar piece 5, and wire netting width of mesh is 2 millimeters × 2 millimeters.Described seedling nutritious soil is to be to mix at 5: 3: 2 to make by the volume ratio of clay, straw compost, the peat composed of rotten mosses.
Seed is the seed after germination treatment, and sowing quantity can be estimated according to germination rate, determines seeding quantity, seeding quantity 3-5 grain taking the final 2-4 of formation young plant in each earth pillar piece as target; Sowing depth is 2 centimetres.
The breeding method of above-mentioned earth pillar seedling is: by materials disinfection such as clay, straw compost, the peats composed of rotten mosses, place 2-3 days after being mixed and made into by a certain percentage cylinder type hollow soil block; Seedling nutritious soil inserted in earth pillar piece hollow in greenhouse or plastic tunnel and sowed earthing; Adopt the mode of spraying to water according to the dry wet situation of environmental temperature and earth pillar piece and seedling nutritious soil, ensure that seedling nutritious soil is all the time in moisture state; After seed sprouting, to shade to seedling sun-proof, proper ventilation, and by liftoff earth pillar seedling built on stilts placement, terrain clearance 10-15cm all can, ensure that earth pillar piece bottom is in drying regime, to prevent that earth pillar shoot root system from passing earth pillar piece and penetrating in soil; Can seedling is outdoor by moving in greenhouse or plastic tunnel in the time that seedling height reaches 5-10 centimetre, now outdoor daily mean temperature will be 15 DEG C of left and right; The height of coniferous tree earth pillar seedling reaches 30-50 centimetre (after after planting 3 years 30-50 centimetre of left and right) also can be for transplanting afforestation; The seedling standard of selecting when transplanting is: nursery stock main root does not stretch out outside earth pillar piece, the color of nursery stock leaf is dark, there is no excessive growth phenomenon.
Claims (8)
1. an earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation, the method comprises cultivates Qiao, shrub seedling and earth pillar seedling is transplanted on the spot by the method that the forest tree seed of earth pillar piece is grown seedlings;
The forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of described earth pillar piece comprises the steps:
Step 1: seedling nutritious soil inserted in earth pillar piece hollow under greenhouse and sowed earthing;
Step 2: water and ensure that seedling nutritious soil is all the time in moisture state;
Step 3: after seed sprouting, form earth pillar seedling, by liftoff earth pillar seedling built on stilts placement, terrain clearance 10-15cm, earth pillar piece bottom is in drying regime;
Step 4: in the time that seedling height reaches 5-10 centimetre, seedling is outdoor by moving in greenhouse or plastic tunnel, outdoor daily mean temperature will be 15 DEG C of left and right;
Wherein, described earth pillar piece is cylinder type hollow soil block, earth pillar piece is to adopt mould compacting to form after being mixed by clay, straw compost, 64% diammonium phosphate, water, the volume ratio 5-7:3-5 of clay and compost, the adding proportion of 64% diammonium phosphate is to add 0.6-0.9 gram of 64% diammonium phosphate in the clay of 1 liter and compost mixture;
Described earth pillar seedling on the spot transplanting method comprises the steps:
Step 1: place is transplanted in cleaning, removes weeds and rubble;
Step 2: get downward vertically diameter 18-20 centimetre, the heatable adobe sleeping platform of degree of depth 40-50 centimetre, broad-leaved tree earth pillar seedling use, the heatable adobe sleeping platform diameter 22-25 centimetre that coniferous tree earth pillar seedling is used, degree of depth 50-60 centimetre at transplanting point;
Step 3: sprinkle 1-2 gram of 64% diammonium phosphate in heatable adobe sleeping platform bottom, then fill water in hole;
Step 4: sprinkle water-loss reducer and compoiste fertilizer along heatable adobe sleeping platform surface, water-loss reducer consumption is 0.1-0.2 liter, compoiste fertilizer consumption 20-30 gram;
Step 5: after underground water has oozed, the water-loss reducer on heatable adobe sleeping platform surface, compoiste fertilizer are shoveled into heatable adobe sleeping platform together with table soil, the degree of depth of banketing, for the near coal-mine 10 centimetres of left and right of distance, then stirs table soil, water-loss reducer, compoiste fertilizer in heatable adobe sleeping platform;
Step 6: pour appropriate water into, the table earth mixtures in hole is stirred into mud; Earth pillar seedling is inserted among the interior mud in hole, and mud will not just be entered at the top of earth pillar piece;
Step 7: at mud surface coverage Material of preserving soil moisture, then at the dry ground of 2-3 centimetre of thickness of Material of preserving soil moisture surface coverage;
Step 8: finishing heatable adobe sleeping platform periphery physical features makes it to become gradually skewed to heatable adobe sleeping platform mouth, has then repaiied at heatable adobe sleeping platform periphery the earth cofferdam that diameter is 1 meter of left and right, high 10 centimetres of left and right, and cofferdam opening is towards the higher part of physical features;
Step 9: cofferdam is fixed and filled water in cofferdam afterwards, after water infiltrates completely, the soil of loose earth pillar shoot root portion.
2. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the earth pillar piece medium clay soil in the forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of wherein said earth pillar piece and the volume ratio of compost are 6:4; The adding proportion of 64% diammonium phosphate is in 1 liter of clay and compost mixture, to add 0.7 gram of 64% diammonium phosphate.
3. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, earth pillar piece in the forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of wherein said earth pillar piece is for needle sapling, the external diameter of earth pillar piece (5) is 10-15 centimetre, the internal diameter of earth pillar piece is 3-7 centimetre, and the height of earth pillar piece is 15-25 centimetre; Wire netting for appearance (6) parcel of earth pillar piece (5), wire netting width of mesh is 1-5 millimeter × 1-5 millimeter.
4. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the earth pillar piece in the forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of wherein said earth pillar piece is for needle sapling, and the external diameter of earth pillar piece (5) is 12 centimetres, the internal diameter of earth pillar piece is 5 centimetres, and the height of earth pillar piece is 20 centimetres; Wire netting for appearance (6) parcel of earth pillar piece (5), wire netting width of mesh is 2 millimeters × 2 millimeters.
5. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the seedling nutritious soil of the earth pillar piece in the forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of wherein said earth pillar piece is to be that 4-6:3-2:3-2 mixing is made by the volume ratio of clay, straw compost, the peat composed of rotten mosses.
6. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the seedling nutritious soil of the earth pillar piece in the forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of wherein said earth pillar piece is to be that 5:3:2 mixing is made by the volume ratio of clay, straw compost, the peat composed of rotten mosses.
7. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the forest tree seed amount in the earth pillar piece in the forest tree seed seedling-cultivating method of wherein said earth pillar piece is 2-7 grain, and sowing depth is 1-3 centimetre.
8. earth pillar transplantation of seedlings method of forestation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein said earth pillar seedling on the spot in the step 7 in transplanting method Material of preserving soil moisture be: nonwoven, straw, wheat straw, corn stalk or kaoliang stalk any one.
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