CN108496724B - Method for establishing and maintaining rice stem borer, rice stem borer and rice leaf roller screening and identifying garden - Google Patents
Method for establishing and maintaining rice stem borer, rice stem borer and rice leaf roller screening and identifying garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496724B CN108496724B CN201810305425.1A CN201810305425A CN108496724B CN 108496724 B CN108496724 B CN 108496724B CN 201810305425 A CN201810305425 A CN 201810305425A CN 108496724 B CN108496724 B CN 108496724B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for establishing and maintaining a paddy pest screening and identifying garden, which aims to bring forward a garden establishing principle and a maintenance method of the screening and identifying garden by influencing factors of population generation and development dynamics of chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis so as to achieve the purpose of accumulating the population base number of the screening and identifying garden, thereby ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of insect resistance identification and screening of materials. The invention has no dispute in the aspect of safety, improves the field natural insect-attracting identification method, and improves the accuracy of insect resistance identification and screening results; the invention has high flux characteristic, so that a large amount of breeding materials can be simultaneously subjected to insect resistance identification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of screening and identifying rice pests, and particularly relates to a method for establishing and maintaining a screening and identifying garden for rice stem borers, rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers.
Background
Chilo suppersalis (Walker), Sciphora trifasciata (Walker) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guen é e)) belonging to the same genus are three large insect pests affecting high and stable yield of rice, and the main means for preventing and treating the three insect pests in the current production is to use chemical pesticides. With the increasing of the application times and the number of the pesticides, on one hand, the drug resistance of pests is enhanced, the pests enter into a vicious circle of increasing the pesticide dosage continuously, on the other hand, the accumulated pollution of the pesticides in the farmland environment is aggravated, the pesticide residue of agricultural products is increased, and the ecological environment of the farmland and the quality safety of the agricultural products are directly threatened. The cultivation and the use of the insect-resistant variety are the most economic, safe and effective technical means for preventing and controlling chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis.
The insect resistance identification method is an important link in insect resistance breeding and mainly comprises indoor insect identification and field natural insect trapping identification. The two types of identification methods have advantages and disadvantages: the indoor insect identification has strong controllability and high accuracy, but the insect breeding and inoculation technologies are complex, the insect resistance identification of large-batch rice materials is difficult to carry out, and particularly the resistance identification of more than 2 insect species is difficult to carry out simultaneously; the field natural insect trapping identification is simple and convenient to operate, can meet the insect resistance identification of large-batch rice materials, can also carry out resistance identification of various insect species on the tested materials, but has more environmental factors influencing the insect source and insect quantity in the field, and has poor controllability in the identification process and poor accuracy of the identification result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for establishing and maintaining a screening and identifying garden for rice chilo suppressalis and leaf rollers, which aims to solve the problems of few insect sources, high volatility and poor reliability of identification results caused by natural induction in fields.
A method for establishing and maintaining a rice pest screening and identifying garden comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a rice pest screening and identifying garden;
(2) and (5) maintenance of a rice pest screening and identifying garden.
Further, the rice pests comprise any one or more of chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, leaf rollers and the like; specifically, the rice pests include chilo suppressalis and leaf rollers, or the rice pests include tryporyza incertulas and leaf rollers.
Further, a screening identification garden is established in the region where the rice pests can live through the winter naturally. Chilo suppressalis are distributed in each rice area in China, but the Chilo suppressalis mainly occur in Yangtze river valley and south rice area, and Chilo suppressalis identification gardens can be established in the areas. The generation number of the tryporyza incertulas in south China is more than that in north China, and 6 generations of the tryporyza incertulas in the Hainan island are generated in one year, so that the preferable region of the tryporyza incertulas screening and identifying garden is the Hainan island. The rice leaf rollers are widely distributed in various rice areas.
Further, the rice pest screening and identifying garden is established in the concentrated and connected rice fields. The rice field with connected pieces is concentrated to provide sufficient food and activity space for the borer population and provide conditions for ensuring certain population quantity and population development.
Further, the screening and identifying garden is provided with a separate irrigation system and is not irrigated with a common pesticide spraying paddy field in series. The method mainly prevents pesticides in the pesticide spraying field from entering a screening and identifying garden along with water flow, so that feeding of the stem borers and healthy development of population are disturbed. If an independent irrigation system cannot be established, the screening and identifying garden can be arranged at the upper water level.
Further, before the screening and identification of rice materials resisting the rice pests are formally carried out, at least one season of known pest-susceptible varieties are planted in the selected screening and identification nursery, and pesticides are not applied to the pest-susceptible varieties in the whole growth period, so that the population base number (number) of the pests in the screening and identification nursery is accumulated. The purpose of the measures is to ensure that the borer population has stable food source and can develop and grow healthily.
Further, some insect-infected fields are kept near the screening and identifying nursery, and insect-infected varieties are planted in the insect-infected fields, and no pesticide is applied in the whole growth period. Further, the sowing time of the rice in the insect population field is determined according to the principle: the mature period of the material of the screening and identifying nursery is matched with the tillering period of the seedlings of the chongkou field so as to ensure that the population of the snout moth's larva in the screening and identifying nursery migrates to the chongkou field to continue to reproduce.
Once the field block of the screening and identifying nursery is selected, various insecticides are forbidden to be applied for years continuously. The pesticide used in the prior production has high toxicity and long pesticide effect period, and some pesticides have strong specific killing performance on stem borers. Once the rice field is applied, the population quantity of the field borers is sharply reduced, and the population quantity is difficult to recover, so that the rice field in the identification nursery is selected, and various insecticides are forbidden.
Further, after the materials in the screening and identification nursery are mature, the rice stakes and the weeds on the field sides are reserved until the seedling planting of the next season begins. The purpose of the measure is to ensure that the population of the borer has stable food source and does not migrate, so that a certain number of populations can be stabilized in a screening and identifying garden.
Furthermore, the screening and identifying garden has no strong light source for human life, housing and the like within at least 500 meters around the garden, and physical insect killing appliances such as trap lamps, insect killing lamps and the like are forbidden to be installed. Chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis belong to lepidoptera and cartap, and have strong phototaxis, so that no strong light source is needed in the range of 500 meters around the screening and identifying nursery, and no physical insect killing devices such as trap lamps, insect killing lamps and the like are allowed.
Furthermore, the normal fertility and soil structure of the soil in the screening and identifying garden are maintained through measures of fertilizing (using chemical fertilizers), managing water and the like, and the normal growth of the screened rice material is guaranteed. The soil structure and the fertility level with consistency of the screening and identifying nursery can be guaranteed, and the influence of other factors except the influence of insect pests on the identification result can be eliminated.
The invention also provides application of the establishment and maintenance method of the rice pest screening and identifying garden in rice breeding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the field insect-inducing identification method has the advantages of high flux, and can simultaneously carry out insect-resistance identification or strain screening on a large amount of breeding materials or hybrid progeny materials, and the maximum limiting factor of the method is that the natural trichomes quantity of an identification garden cannot be ensured. The invention has the advantages that factors influencing the generation and development dynamics of the borer population are utilized, so that the nursery establishing principle and the maintenance method of screening and identifying the nursery are provided, the aim of accumulating the population base number of the borer in the screening and identifying nursery is achieved, the accuracy of insect resistance identification of the rice material and the effectiveness of selection of insect-resistant strains are ensured, and insect-resistant parents are provided for breeding hybrid rice (particularly high-quality hybrid rice) resistant to rice pests such as chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee and the like.
The invention improves and supplements the field insect-attracting identification method, has more generations of insect sources, large insect quantity and more stable insect conditions in the identification nursery, achieves the accuracy of the insect-receiving identification, is easier to operate than the insect-receiving identification, greatly reduces the influence of artificial disturbance factors on the egg laying amount of female insects, the hatching rate of egg masses, the survival rate of larvae and the like, and can more comprehensively reflect the resistance of plants to insect pests.
The invention has the other characteristics that the insect situation is stable and continuous in year, and the insect resistance identification is carried out in the open natural field, so the invention is not suitable for the insect resistance identification of transgenic materials, most transgenes have lethality to insects, and the quantity of insect populations is greatly influenced, thereby the insect resistance identification of the next season or more seasons is influenced, and the transgenic materials are planted to be safely isolated from other rice fields. The invention is suitable for the insect resistance identification or screening of the material with the rice endogenous insect resistance gene or the filial generation strain thereof, so that the invention has no dispute in the aspect of use safety.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the screening and identifying garden is arranged in the urban area of the autonomous county, i.e. the Yangtze river, the southeast of the Yannan Lingshui county, the geographical coordinates of 109.86 degrees at east longitude and 18.43 degrees at north latitude, the southern county, the three-side ring mountain and the south of the southern Lingshui county, the annual average temperature is 25 ℃, the winter is not severe cold, the spring is in four seasons, and the rainfall is sufficient. The paddy is double-cropping or triple-cropping in one year, and the weeds in the field and the field mainly comprise barnyard grass, Leersia hexandra, paspalum distichum, digitaria sanguinalis, green bristlegrass and the like. The insect pests are mainly tryporyza incertulas and rice leaf roller, and the number of the chilo suppressalis is small.
In another embodiment of the invention, the geographical coordinates of the sites where the chilo suppressalis and the cnaphalocrocis medinalis screening and identifying gardens are 105.22 degrees at east longitude and 29.09 degrees at north latitude, which are located in southern part of Sichuan province and northwest part of Luzhou city, the annual average temperature is 17.8 ℃, the frost free period is 340 days, and the annual rainfall is more than 1000 mm. The rice is planted mainly in a mode of medium rice and regenerated rice, and the insect pests mainly comprise chilo suppressalis and cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and the rice is rarely tryporyza incertulas. The crops in winter mainly comprise rape, broad beans, wheat and the like, and the weeds in the field mainly comprise barnyard grass, Leersia hexandra, paspalum, digitaria sanguinea, green bristlegrass and the like
The Chilo suppressalis, the Chilo suppressalis and the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis belong to Lepidoptera and the family of Bombycidae, and are one of the common pests with serious harm on rice in China. Chilo suppressalis can damage rice, and can also damage zizania aquatica, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rape, broad beans, wheat, reed, barnyard grass, Leersia hexandra and other weeds. The tryporyza incertulas has single feeding property and is specially eaten by rice. Besides being harmful to rice, the rice leaf roller can also be used for eating crops such as barley, wheat, sugarcane, millet and the like and weeds such as barnyard grass, Leersia hexandra, paspalum distichum, digitaria sanguinea, green bristlegrass and the like.
The pest-susceptible variety F77 is the unit self-breeding three-line restorer line, and is identified for many years to be highly susceptible to Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (which can also be replaced by other highly susceptible varieties).
Example 1
1. The screening and identification garden is arranged in the Hainan Lingshui Ri nationality autonomous county, Yinzhou town, and has the annual average temperature of 25 ℃, no severe cold in winter and sufficient rainfall. The generation number of the tryporyza incertulas in south China is more than that in north China, and 6 generations of the tryporyza incertulas in the Hainan island are generated in one year, so that the preferable region of the tryporyza incertulas screening and identifying garden is the Hainan island. The rice leaf rollers are widely distributed in various rice areas. The pests meeting the requirements of the invention can establish a screening and identifying garden in the areas where the pests live through the winter naturally;
2. the location of the screening and identifying nursery is a Hainan Yinzhou south breeding base of agricultural academy of sciences of Sichuan province, more than 210 mu of paddy field is possessed, the paddy rice is planted in a one-piece mode, the three-cropping paddy rice is planted in three seasons, and the planting areas are more than 100 mu, more than 50 mu and more than 210 mu respectively;
3. the screening and identifying gardens are positioned on one side or two sides of a main ditch of the whole paddy field irrigation system (according to the scale of the test material planting area), are positioned at the upper water level of the irrigation system, and flow water flows to the fields of the screening and identifying gardens with the lower water level from the fields of the screening and identifying gardens with the upper water level and then flows to the fields for other scientific research and variety breeding.
4. Planting a pest-susceptible variety F77 in a screening and identifying garden during the use interval period of a field block in the screening and identifying garden, namely before the screening and identifying of the paddy materials of the yellow borer resistance and the rice leaf roller resistance are formally carried out, and applying no pesticide during the whole growth period of the pest-susceptible variety;
the established paddy fields of the yellow rice borers and the rice leaf rollers are fixed as insect-resistant screening and identifying gardens for a long time, and the normal fertilizer and water management and necessary field farming operation are carried out on the paddy fields, but various insecticides are forbidden to be applied;
5. after the rice materials in the identification garden are screened or identified by the tryporyza incertulas and the rice leaf rollers, only the ear part rice is harvested, the rice stub parts of all the test materials are reserved, the plowing of the field and the treatment of weeds at the edge of the field are not carried out, the flooding state of the field is kept, and the field is kept at least in a wet state until the farmland treatment before the seedling planting of the next season is carried out;
6. the established paddy fields of the yellow rice borers and the rice leaf rollers are screened and identified to be more than 500 meters away from the living and housing areas of people, and no other light sources are arranged around the paddy fields. The screening and identification nursery field pieces are far away from physical insect killing appliances such as trap lamps, insect killing lamps and the like;
7. the field blocks of the screening and identifying nursery are required to be reinforced with fertilizer and water, the transplanted seedling stage is required to be irrigated with shallow water, the fields are required to be sunned in time (the field blocks are heavy in sand), the air permeability of the roots of the seedlings is enhanced, the seedlings are prevented from sitting in pockets, the shallow water state in the field is kept till the jointing stage and later, and the normal growth of each single plant of the group is ensured.
Example 2
1. Screening and identifying garden setting places: in the test base of the town institute of Sichuan Lu county Fufu, the pests mainly include Chilo suppressalis and cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and the pests do not include Tryporyza incertulas. The rice is planted mainly in a middle rice and regeneration rice mode, the yield of the regeneration rice is low, and the rice is harvested. The crops in winter mainly comprise rape, broad beans, wheat and the like, and the weeds in the field mainly comprise barnyard grass, Leersia hexandra, paspalum, digitaria sanguinea, green bristlegrass and the like
2. The rice test base of the Sichuan Lucounty Fujizhen is paddy field of farmers all around, and is in a middle rice and regenerated rice planting mode, and the rest of the time of the paddy field is water storage state;
3. the arranged chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller screening and identifying garden is positioned at the upper water level of the whole paddy field irrigation system of the unit, and no water of farmer fields flows in.
4. Planting an insect-susceptible variety F77 in a field block around the screening and identifying garden, and planting an insect-susceptible variety F77 or a hybrid rice variety in the rest field block when the delimited field block of the screening and identifying garden is not completely used for screening and identifying the insect resistance of the material, and applying no pesticide in the whole growth period of the insect-susceptible variety F77 or the hybrid rice variety;
5. the established chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller screening and identifying nursery field blocks are fixed as insect-resistant screening and identifying nursery for a long time, normal fertilizer and water management and necessary field farming operation are carried out on the field blocks, but various insecticides are forbidden;
6. after the rice materials in the identification nursery are screened or identified by chilo suppressalis and rice leaf rollers, all test materials are used for storing rice stakes with the height of 40cm, and no plowing of field blocks and treatment of weeds at the edges of the fields (in winter paddy fields, water management is not considered);
7. the established paddy fields of the yellow rice borers and the rice leaf rollers are screened and identified to be more than 500 meters away from the living and housing areas of people, and no other light sources are arranged around the paddy fields. The screening and identification nursery field pieces are far away from physical insect killing appliances such as trap lamps, insect killing lamps and the like;
8. screening and identifying nursery fields, wherein fertilizer and water management needs to be enhanced, shallow water irrigation needs to be carried out in the seedling stage after transplanting, proper sunning needs to be carried out, the air permeability of the roots of the seedlings is enhanced, the seedlings are prevented from sitting in pockets, the shallow water state or the wet state in the field is kept till the jointing stage and later, and the normal growth of each individual plant of the group is ensured.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A method for establishing and maintaining a rice pest screening and identifying garden comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a rice pest screening and identifying garden;
1) establishing a screening and identifying garden in the region where the rice pests can live through the winter naturally;
2) screening and identifying gardens to be established in concentrated and connected rice field areas;
3) the screening and identifying garden is provided with a separate irrigation system and is not irrigated with a common pesticide spraying rice field;
s2: maintenance of a rice pest screening and identifying garden;
1) before the screening and identification of rice materials resisting the rice pests are formally carried out, planting at least one season of known pest-susceptible variety in a selected screening and identification nursery, and applying no pesticide in the whole growth period of the pest-susceptible variety so as to accumulate the population base number of the screened and identification nursery;
2) some insect-infected fields are kept near the screening and identifying nursery, and insect-infected varieties are planted in the insect-infected fields, and no pesticide is applied in the whole growth period;
3) once a land block for screening and identifying a nursery is selected, various insecticides are forbidden to be applied for many years continuously;
4) after the materials in the screening and identifying nursery are mature, rice stakes and field weeds are reserved until the next seedling planting is started;
5) screening and identifying no human life and no strong light source within at least 500 m around the nursery, and forbidding installation of physical insect killing appliances;
the rice pests comprise any one or more of chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rice pests include chilo suppressalis and cnaphalocrocis medinalis; alternatively, the rice pests include tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed-sowing time of the rice in the insect-mouth field is determined on the basis of: the mature period of the material of the screening and identifying nursery is matched with the tillering period of the seedlings of the chongkou field so as to ensure that the population of the snout moth's larva in the screening and identifying nursery migrates to the chongkou field to continue to reproduce.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising maintaining normal fertility and soil structure of the soil in the screening nursery by measures including fertilization, water management, and ensuring normal growth of the screened rice material.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screening identification nursery is set up in the town of INGZHOU of autonomous county of the Hainan Lingshui, with geographic coordinates of 109.86 ° east longitude and 18.43 ° north latitude.
6. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the chilo suppressalis and the cnaphalocrocis medinalis screening and identifying garden is set in the civic, sichuan, luzhou, civic, with geographic coordinates of east longitude 105.22 ° and north latitude 29.09 °.
7. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 in rice breeding.
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| CN109197444B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-09-01 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Method for screening water-resistant rice-stem borer-II and rice-stem borer-III resistant and rice-leaf roller resistant materials in field |
| CN109328929B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2021-06-18 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for naturally identifying and screening snout moth's larva resistant rice material in field |
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