CN105123400A - Method for orchard weed management - Google Patents
Method for orchard weed management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105123400A CN105123400A CN201510531452.7A CN201510531452A CN105123400A CN 105123400 A CN105123400 A CN 105123400A CN 201510531452 A CN201510531452 A CN 201510531452A CN 105123400 A CN105123400 A CN 105123400A
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- orchard
- mock
- strawberry
- weeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for orchard weed management. The method includes the following steps that 1, weeds in an orchard are removed; 2, mock strawberries are planted in the orchard treated in the step 1 and are expanded and propagate into a lawn, and then the weeds in the orchard are controlled. According to the method, herbicide is not used, non-point source pollution of pesticide is completely eradicated from the source, the threat to the physical health of orchard workers is reduced, and sustainable development of the orchard can be maintained. According to the method, after the mock strawberries which are wide in ecological amplitude and high in adaptability are expanded and propagate, later-period management is extensive and simple, fine management and protection are not needed, and labor cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of orchard weed management.
Background technology
China's apple cultivation area, gross yield, occupancy volume per person and export volume all rank first in the world, and have become apple production maximum in the world and country of consumption.China's apple cultivation area 2,220,000 hectares in 2014, accounts for 46% of world's cultivated area, output 4,092 ten thousand tons.Apple occupies very important status in the fruit industry of China.But how realizing that Apple safety produces is comparatively stubborn problem.Traditional apple orchard managerial demand uses a large amount of agricultural chemicals, and orchard worker with except insecticide and bactericide, for weeds management, also brings into use weed killer herbicide except needing damage by disease and insect prevention and control.
Orchard weed not easily prevention and control is a difficult problem larger in apple production always, and some Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae weeds are as rapid in the growing way such as black nightshade, Amaranthus retroflexus, and plant height is comparatively large, very easily affects fruit tree growth.Manually to plough weeding and the method such as to cradle and can not pull up weeds, and it is higher to consume cost of labor.Thus, in the weeds management in traditional orchard, orchard worker, for saving labour turnover, can use the clear of herbicide spraying weeding to plough method usually, and the comparatively normal weed killer herbicide used has paraquat, glyphosate etc.Although this herbicidal methods can kill multiple unifacial leaf and broadleaf weed quickly and efficiently, but because weed killer herbicide has certain toxicity, harm orchard worker is healthy, severe contamination soil, reduce floor vegetation group, animal and diversity of soil microorganism, suppress microbe symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrification, decrease the quantity of natural enemy; In addition, after weed killer herbicide is killed, earth's surface is exposed, form " bare land " (as shown in Figure 1), easily cause soil evaporativeness to increase, occur degradation problem under seasonal drought, water and soil loss and soil fertility, affect orchard soil micro climate, negative effect is caused to fruit tree growth and output.Therefore, utilize the method that weed killer herbicide is ploughed clearly, merely short-term benefit, and be unfavorable for the sustainable development in orchard.
Apple is perennial deciduous tree, and the general about 3-5 rice of cultivar plant height, higher than the weeds of annual herb plant, therefore both are not on same ecological niche.If plant specific herbaceous plant, utilize its resistance to the moon, plant height little, do not affect fruit tree growth, and can Fast-propagation, crown density high, effectively occupy the characteristic of weeds ecological niche, can with the interspecies competition of weeds in win, reach and control the object of weeds, this method and orchard ground cover.
Orchard ground cover decapacitation effectively suppresses beyond weeds effect, also there is conserving water and soil, improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, maintain orchard bio-diversity, regulate orchard microenvironment and micro climate, and therefore promote fruit tree growth, volume increase and improve the effects such as fruit quality.Sward kind comparatively is widely selected to have leguminous plant as alfalfa, spend trefoil, facet syndrom, Chamaecrista Rotundifolia in vain, and gramineous plants is as Paspalum wettsteinii, paspalum notatum etc., but in actual production practice, due to introduce species be alien species can not adapt to local weather or plant height larger, affect apple branch development near the ground, and the reasons such as maintenance cost is comparatively large, miscarriage, many orchards fail to accomplish that science kind is careless, and Weed control effect is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of orchard weed management, the inventive method does not use weed killer herbicide, has stopped the pollution of area source of agricultural chemicals from source, reduces the threat healthy to orchard worker, is conducive to the sustainable development maintaining orchard.
The method of orchard weed management provided by the invention, comprises the steps: 1) weeds in orchard weed are removed;
2) in step 1) mock-strawberry of planting in the described orchard that processes, expand numerous Cheng Ping, weeds in described orchard are controlled.
In above-mentioned method, described orchard is apple orchard, theatre, Xing Yuan, peach garden, hawthorn garden, vineyard, cherry orchard, plum garden or Pomegranate Garden; The scope in the described orchard that the present invention is suitable for is wide, and described orchard comprises conventional orchard, green orchard, Ecological Orchard or organic orchard.
In above-mentioned method, step 1) in, the described method removing employing artificial weeding;
Step 2) in also comprise the step of described mock-strawberry nursery;
Step 2) described in mock-strawberry be remain in described weeds and/or be the mock-strawberry of field acquisition, then nursery is for subsequent use.
In above-mentioned method, the method employing division propagation that described expansion is numerous and/or cottage method, described mock-strawberry expands numerous survival rate can reach more than 90%, within 3 months, can become level ground.
In above-mentioned method, the soil depth that described mock-strawberry is planted is 3 ~ 5cm, and guarantor's growing point and partial blade basset and be beneficial to survive;
The spacing in the rows of described mock-strawberry is 20 ~ 30cm.
In above-mentioned method, when adopting described cottage method, the stem branch of described mock-strawberry is cut into 15 ~ 20cm stem segment cuttage.
In above-mentioned method, step 2) after also comprise described mock-strawberry field planting and field planting after the step of watering.
In above-mentioned method, the time of watering after described field planting is water once in after described field planting 8 ~ 15 days, after this without the need to more specially for mock-strawberry is watered, normally waters only to fruit tree.
In above-mentioned method, water once to spring next year after described mock-strawberry field planting described mock-strawberry, for promoting that mock-strawberry germinates the early spring; Winter mock-strawberry withered after, without the need to cradling, making it naturally wither and fall, supplementing the soil organic matter, because mock-strawberry does not have damage by disease and insect substantially, therefore also without the need to carrying out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The inventive method does not use weed killer herbicide, has stopped the pollution of area source of agricultural chemicals from source, reduces the threat healthy to orchard worker, is conducive to the sustainable development maintaining orchard.The inventive method utilizes that ecological amplitude is wide, strong adaptability mock-strawberry after expansion is numerous, final-period management is simply extensive, manages and protects, significantly save labour turnover without the need to meticulous.The inventive method mock-strawberry reaches by competition ecological niche the object suppressing weeds, thus reasonable management bio-diversity, mock-strawberry ground storey crown density are high, be beneficial to and keep soil moisture, adjustment orchard microclimate, improve soil physico-chemical property, for natural enemy provides habitat, and improve edaphon and Diversity of soil animals, realize the balance of the inner species of orchard ecosystem, sustainable development.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is " bare land " surface state that traditional orchard uses weed killer herbicide weeding formation.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention occupies weeds ecological niche with creeping plant mock-strawberry, successfully suppresses the result map taken of weed growth on the spot.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1, Organic Apple garden weeds management
(1) mid-March, when mock-strawberry underground rhizome germinates and grows blade, face, smooth Organic Apple field.Retain mock-strawberry, do not use weed killer herbicide, remove other weeds by artificial weeding; Long-Time Service weed killer herbicide causes the orchard without mock-strawberry in this way, and should advance to field acquisition mock-strawberry, nursery is for subsequent use.
(2) late March, carries out mock-strawberry and expands numerous.Mainly utilize division propagation or cottage method, namely dig out whole strain mock-strawberry to transplant, or mock-strawberry stolon branch is separated, be cut into 15 ~ 20cm stem section and carry out cuttage, be embedded in the dark soil of 3 ~ 5cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 30cm, and guarantee that growing point and partial blade basset and be beneficial to survive, mock-strawberry expands numerous survival rate can reach more than 90%.Mock-strawberry is stolon clone plant, and plant division ability is strong, within three months, can become level ground, as shown in Figure 2, covers orchard ground, effectively suppresses the growth of other weeds.
(3) water and fertilizer management and maintenance: without the need to independent fertilising when planting mock-strawberry.After mock-strawberry field planting, water once permeable; Field planting after ten days, then is watered once permeable.After this without the need to more specially for mock-strawberry is watered, normally water only to fruit tree.Winter mock-strawberry withered after, without the need to cradling, making it naturally wither and fall, supplementing the soil organic matter.In next year, for promoting that mock-strawberry germinates the early spring, can at biscuit fire in March water.Because mock-strawberry does not have damage by disease and insect substantially, therefore also without the need to carrying out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The Ecological Benefit Analysis of the inventive method:
Use the present invention to expand numerous method suppressing other weeds by utilizing Native ground cover plant mock-strawberry, effectively suppress orchard common weed as chenopodium glaucum linn, acalypha copperleaf, lady's-grass, eleusine indica, Mazus japonicus, Amaranthus retroflexus, ivy glorybind, dayflower, kitchen garden, black nightshade, pivot store, nutgrass flatsedge, barnyard grass etc. growth; The ground storey formed by mock-strawberry, has the effect keeping soil moisture, can maintain soil moisture, regulates ground temperature; Do not use weed killer herbicide, also protect ground microenvironment from pesticide pollution, for the natural enemy of insect provides habitat, the quantity such as ground arthropods, soil nematodes increases in addition.
The Economic and Efficiency Analysis of the inventive method:
The present invention is used to expand numerous method suppressing other weeds by utilizing Native ground cover plant mock-strawberry, (as to spend clover seed price in vain be 50 yuan/kg significantly to save grass seeds cost, every mu of sowing 0.75-1.25kg, seed costs is about 37.5-62.5 unit/mu).The present invention expands numerously need consume cost of labor 150 yuan/mu; Irrigation cost 50 yuan/mu/times, waters twice water when only First Year is planted, therefore First Year drops into is 200 yuan/mu.After this water a water the annual early spring, irrigation cost is 50 yuan/mu.Because mock-strawberry is perennial stoloniferous herbaceous, but oneself carries out division propagation, therefore without the need to annual plantation, and does not need meticulous maintenance.Tradition orchard uses the method for weed killer herbicide weeding, and need consume pesticide cost is 20 yuan/mu/times, and cost of labor is 30 yuan/mu/times, within 1 year, will beat 3-4 all over weed killer herbicide, and adjusting weed killer herbicide weeding cost is thus 150-200 unit/mu/year.Illustrate that the present invention compares weed killer herbicide weeding and introduces a fine variety the method for exotic plant, drop into without the need to continuing every year, save great amount of cost, and the pollution of environment can not be brought, be conducive to balance and the sustainable development of the ecosystem.
Claims (9)
1. a method for orchard weed management, comprises the steps: 1) weeds in orchard weed are removed;
2) in step 1) mock-strawberry of planting in the described orchard that processes, expand numerous Cheng Ping, weeds in described orchard are controlled.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described orchard is apple orchard, theatre, Xing Yuan, peach garden, hawthorn garden, vineyard, cherry orchard, plum garden or Pomegranate Garden.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: step 1) in, the described method removing employing artificial weeding;
Step 2) in also comprise the step of described mock-strawberry nursery.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: the method employing division propagation that described expansion is numerous and/or cottage method.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that: the soil depth that described mock-strawberry is planted is 3 ~ 5cm;
The spacing in the rows of described mock-strawberry is 20 ~ 30cm.
6. the method according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: when adopting described cottage method, the stem branch of described mock-strawberry is cut into 15 ~ 20cm stem segment cuttage.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that: step 2) after also comprise described mock-strawberry field planting and field planting after the step of watering.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the time of watering after described field planting is water once for after described field planting 8 ~ 15 days.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that: water once to spring next year after described mock-strawberry field planting described mock-strawberry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510531452.7A CN105123400A (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2015-08-26 | Method for orchard weed management |
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| CN201510531452.7A CN105123400A (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2015-08-26 | Method for orchard weed management |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106717951A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 镇江润祥园林科技发展有限公司 | Application of the roegneria kamoji " profit grass 2 " in orchard weed is suppressed |
| CN110073905A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-02 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method of south China orchard weed management control |
| CN110432096A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of organic wheat is produced using weeds improvement soil |
| CN111373988A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-07-07 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for applying clover to ecological engineering plants |
| CN111374019A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating four-season rose mulching crops |
| CN112535059A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for naturally growing grass among rows of vineyard |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106717951A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 镇江润祥园林科技发展有限公司 | Application of the roegneria kamoji " profit grass 2 " in orchard weed is suppressed |
| CN110073905A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-08-02 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method of south China orchard weed management control |
| CN110432096A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of organic wheat is produced using weeds improvement soil |
| CN111373988A (en) * | 2020-02-04 | 2020-07-07 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for applying clover to ecological engineering plants |
| CN111374019A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating four-season rose mulching crops |
| CN111374019B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating four-season rose mulching crops |
| CN112535059A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for naturally growing grass among rows of vineyard |
| CN112535059B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2023-09-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for naturally growing grass among vineyard rows |
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Application publication date: 20151209 |