CN110432096A - A method of organic wheat is produced using weeds improvement soil - Google Patents
A method of organic wheat is produced using weeds improvement soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432096A CN110432096A CN201910840583.1A CN201910840583A CN110432096A CN 110432096 A CN110432096 A CN 110432096A CN 201910840583 A CN201910840583 A CN 201910840583A CN 110432096 A CN110432096 A CN 110432096A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind, and weeds can be allowed to become the production model that high-quality organic fertilizer increases soil fertility and produces good quality wheat, and output includes organic wheat and its processed goods.Including the technology with the complete replacing fertilizer of organic fertilizer；It is produced in situ in the technology of weeds green manure；Save the technology of heavy labor；Save the cost and the technology for reducing farmland pollution；It can real-time guarantees organic wheat healthy growth administrative skill；Improve the technology of wheat mouthfeel and quality；Zero technique in using agriculture chemical；Guarantee numerous full of leaves, the substantially not sick prevention of damage by disease technology of wheat root；Prevention aphid and the complex art of red spider etc. are acted on allelopathy.The present invention is at low cost, and material investment is gathered materials on the spot, and guarantees that peasant household pollutes far from harmful chemical, increases healthy living space, and ecological, environmental protective effect is good, and pesticide residue and heavy metal pollution is not present in organic wheat produced.Peasant's economic benefit on the basis of putting into the amount of labour and reducing more than half is double, realizes the feeding long term object of land used whereby.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic agriculture fields, and in particular to a kind of side using weeds improvement soil production organic wheat
Method.
Background technique
Staple food is with the opposite concept of garnishing food in diet, and the main carbohydrate etc. for providing needed by human body allays one's hunger food
Object, such as noodles, steamed stuffed bun, steamed bun, rice.Production staple food needs to plant cereal, and the staple food grain thus constituted in daily life is made
Object.Wheat is with a long history in China's plantation, and various regions have accumulated plantation experience abundant, are the important staple food grains in China.Northerner with
Based on wheaten food, and south is other than rice, it is also desirable to noodles, the boiled dumpling etc. of wheat production.Wheat staple food grain safety is in maintenance
Magnificent national procreation plays the role of huge with cooking culture succession.
The provinces such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi are the Major Wheat producing region in China.It is small under modern agriculture model
Wheat per mu yield changes between 300-500 kilograms.National annual production wheat, needs to plough 3.62 hundred million mu, output wheat
1.29 hundred million tons of wheats, average 355.2 kgs/acre of yield of wheat.
However, the chemical substance of China's investment is more and more for production staple food grain wheat, cause serious environmental pollution.
It plants wheat and averagely uses 100 kilograms of chemical fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of pesticide, 0.5 kilogram of herbicide per acre.These chemical substances are not
It all plays a role, but pollutes environment, partially enter food chain.China's rice, corn, wheat Three major grain crops chemical fertilizer
Utilization rate is 35%, and the U.S. is 50%, and Europe 65% is 12 to 27 percentage points higher than China.European and American developed countries' wheat, jade
The cereal crops pesticide utilization rates such as rice are 11 to 20 percentage points higher than China 50% to 60%.
In fact, if changing a kind of thinking production wheat, the organic fertilizer even green manure in various sources is used every year rather than is changed
Fertilizer, the nutrients such as nitrogen of investment are accomplished substantially all of the part originally wasted using chemical fertilizer, along with green manure such as weeds
Fixed nutrient can store coming year utilization in the soil, can be completely achieved the organic staple food grain of zero chemical fertilizer production.This great thinking
Breakthrough, by package solution because production staple food grain caused by pollution by chemical fertilizer and nutrition it is empty the problems such as, technically surpass in reverse America and Europe etc.
Developed country.
Due to using chemical fertilizer and pesticide year after year, unexpected change is had occurred in staple food grain nutritional ingredient, show as nutrient with
The decline such as amino acid, and pesticide residue and content of beary metal rise.According to our measuring, planted under chemical fertilizer agricultural Model
16 kinds of total amino acid contents of wheat lower than organic wheat 14.2%, restricted lysine and threonine content are lower.Wheat seed
Mo, K, P, S, Mg constituent content are lower than organic wheat, and S, K, Mo constituent content difference are extremely significant.The wheat seed planted with chemical fertilizer
Grain Ca, Mg, P, S, K, Zn, Cu element is below organic wheat, and wherein Ca reduces 74%.And toxic heavy metal element As, Pb,
Mn, Cr, Ni constituent content are distinguished high by 2%, 387%, 235.5%, 35%, 65% than organic wheat.
Since Wheat price is low, peasant planting enthusiasm is gradually reduced.Although country is mended per acre to encourage peasant to plant wheat
Net income after the investment such as having pasted 120 yuan, but having deducted pesticide, chemical fertilizer, irrigation, seed, machinery, plantation wheat efficiency is per acre also only
There is 200-300 member, three days incomes of manual labour are more not as good as going down town.Plant the wheat period be 210-240 days, during which investment manually very
It is more.
In North China rural area, long-term popular cropping pattern is Wheat Maize Rotation.Although the period is long, wheat is planted
Used is artificial relatively smaller, and because the most of the time is winter slack, wheat is winter crop.And maize planting is then just much bothersome, removes
Chemical fertilizer is added, also the same period is broken out for summer weeds, pest, disease, and because of summer sweltering heat, peasant's work is very arduous.In fact, this
If a period gives the Nature and does, effect of increasing soil fertility well can be played.Its Science Mechanism is, utilizes weeds, pest
Ecological niche difference advantage, wheat season cultivate intensely, completely stopping pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, Corticosteroids, produce it is high-quality
Organic wheat, increase substantially wheat added value；Summer corn planting is abandoned, natural grass is changed to, with abiogenous miscellaneous
Nutrient in grass gradually improves soil, carbon sequestration and fixed nitrogen, its fertility is deferred to and is used in wheat season；It is appropriate again in wheat planting
The organic fertilizers such as cow dung, soya-bean cake are added, ensure wheat yield at 500-700 kgs/acre.During the broiling summer, weed growth is vigorous,
Edaphon is active, abundant rainfall, and for people not with natural confrontation, saving is exactly manually that net income (goes down town or does manual work on the spot and convert
It is existing).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods using weeds improvement soil production organic wheat.This method is completely not
Manually synthetic chemical without using any pesticide and chemical fertilizer and does not have to herbicide and hormone, generates merely with summer weeds
Nitrogen, then cooperate the organic fertilizers such as cow dung or soya-bean cake, production meets the wheat of organic standard, meets China to organic staple food grain wheat
Demand.
Method provided by the present invention using weeds improvement soil production organic wheat, includes the following steps:
1) before wheat cultivation, apply organic fertilizer in farmland；
2) wheat of excellent variety is selected to be sowed mid-October；
3) it enhances field management, is at least irrigated in wheat growth stage 2 times, manually or mechanically weeding 2-3 times；
4) after early June next year harvest wheat, wheat stalk height stubble 15-25cm, directly encouragement sward are stayed；It or is enhancing effect
Fruit sows 3-4kg soya bean per acre, increases leguminous plant fixed nitrogen；
5) entire summer farmland avoids human interference, manages and protects farmland and does not allow the growth of people's grazing impact grass；
6) all weeds are turned over rotary cultivator into soil, and deep ploughs before the Frost's Descent arrives after autumn, by withered Wheat Straw
Stalk is increased soil fertility in turning over together with fresh weeds into ground, applies organic fertilizer, is mixed up sowing wheat behind embanked field and is waited for the coming year harvest；
7) above-mentioned 1) -6 are repeated) process, can be stable high yield by the transformation of low-yield land in area of yielding two crops a year after 3-5
Plots whose yield is as high as one ton of grain per.
In above method step 1), the organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer without antibiotic, metal and hormone, after fermenting
Soya-bean cake, or sufficiently decomposed cow dung.Soya-bean cake amount of application after the fermentation is 75-100kg soya-bean cake/mu, the soya-bean cake after the fermentation
It can be prepared according to methods known in the art.The amount of application of the sufficiently decomposed cow dung is 3-5 tons of (fresh weight)/mus.Institute
Province in two seasons of one year can be suitble to positioned at Shandong Province, Henan Province or Hebei province etc. by stating farmland.
In above method step 2), the wheat of the excellent variety refer to by 10 years or more production practices inspection it is excellent
For example good galaxy column of non-defective unit kind or Jimai series.
In above method step 3), the wheat growth stage can be June next year in October-.
In above method step 4), in order to improve Effect of improving soil, farmland can also sow 3-4kg soya bean per acre, to increase
Leguminous plant fixed nitrogen.
In above method step 5), human interference is avoided to refer to sprinkling herbicide, cradle, herd.
Organic fertilizer described in above method step 6) is to swash by the nothing in the soya-bean cake of fermentation maturity and cow dung or other sources
The organic fertilizer of element, antibiotic and heavy metal.
It is provided by the invention that weeds is allowed to become the production model organic fertilizer that high-quality organic fertilizer increases soil fertility and produces good quality wheat
The technology of complete replacing fertilizer；It is produced in situ in the technology of weeds green manure；Save the technology of heavy labor；Save the cost simultaneously reduces agriculture
The technology of field pollution；It can real-time guarantees organic wheat healthy growth administrative skill；Improve the technology of wheat mouthfeel and quality；Zero agriculture
Medicine uses technology；Prevention aphid and the complex art of red spider etc. are acted on allelopathy.The present invention is at low cost, and material is put into just
Ground materials guarantee that peasant household pollutes far from harmful chemical, increase healthy living space, ecological, environmental protective effect is good, produced
Pesticide residue and heavy metal pollution is not present in organic wheat.Peasant's economic effect on the basis of putting into the amount of labour and reducing more than half
Benefit is double, realizes that land used is increased soil fertility long term object whereby.
The present invention solves following agricultural and environmental problem: stop Pesticide use, weeds change harmful to treasure, soil conserves,
Plant disease, soil fixed nitrogen, soil carbon sequestration, soil fertility sustainable growth, yield of wheat increase, land area of one unit economic benefit
It is double, it allows young peasant Hui Cun, rural area is driven to revitalize.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is organic plantation and general planting Grain Amino Acids Content of Wheat of the invention.
Fig. 2 is organic plantation and general planting wheat seed content of beary metal of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described below by way of specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, all of the invention
Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. done within spirit and principle, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Quantitative test in following embodiments, is respectively provided with three repeated experiments, and results are averaged.
Wheat breed used in following embodiments is good star 99, is purchased from Shandong Tian Taizhong industry Co., Ltd, state examines wheat
2006016。
Embodiment 1 utilizes the method for weeds improvement soil production organic wheat
1) use 75-100kg soya-bean cake/mu, apply farmland after fermentation, or apply sufficiently decomposed 3-5 tons of cow dung (fresh weight) or
Other organic fertilizers without heavy metal, antibiotic and hormone；
2) with the Wheat Species reserved for one's own use, for example good galaxy column of excellent variety examined by production practices in 10 years or more or Jimai system
Column；
3) it enhances field management, is at least irrigated 2 times in wheat growth stage, manually or mechanically weeding 2-3 times；
4) after harvesting wheat, high stubble 15-25cm, directly encouragement sward are stayed, or sow per acre for enhancing reclamation result
3-4kg soya bean increases leguminous plant fixed nitrogen；
5) entire summer encourages sward, prevents other artificial interfering activities (such as sprinkling herbicide is cradled, herded), pipe
Shield farmland does not allow the growth of people's grazing impact grass；
6) after autumn the Frost's Descent arrive before, all weeds are turned over rotary cultivator into soil, and deep ploughs, by wheat stalk together with
Fresh weeds are increased soil fertility in turning over into ground, apply organic fertilizer, are mixed up sowing wheat behind embanked field and are waited for the coming year harvest；
7) it repeats the above process, the low-yield land in area of yielding two crops a year can be transform the ton-grain of stable high yield as after 3-5
Field.
One, the concrete operations of method provided by the invention
Annual to carry out circulate operation, for 2018 to 2019, citing is described as follows:
1) it uses 75kg soya-bean cake/mu, applies farmland after fermentation (farmland is located at Shandong Linyi Pingyi County town Bian Qiao)；
2) wheat (kind of wheat: good star 99) of excellent variety is selected to be sowed mid-October；
3) it enhances field management, (early October current year-early June next year) at least irrigation 2 times in wheat growth stage, manually
Or weeding by machine 2-3 times；
4) after early June harvest wheat, high stubble 15-25cm, directly encouragement sward are stayed, per acre for enhancing reclamation result
3-4kg soya bean is sowed, leguminous plant fixed nitrogen is increased；
5) entire summer encourages sward, prevents other artificial interfering activities (such as sprinkling herbicide is cradled, herded), pipe
Shield farmland does not allow the growth of people's grazing impact grass；
6) all weeds are turned over after autumn with rotary cultivator into soil, and deep plough (depth 20-30cm) before the Frost's Descent arrives,
Increase soil fertility in wheat stalk is turned over together with fresh weeds into ground, apply organic fertilizer, mixes up sowing wheat behind embanked field and wait for the coming year harvest；
7) it repeats the above process, the low-yield land in area of yielding two crops a year can be transform the ton-grain of stable high yield as after 3-5
Field.
Two, the output statistics in each time
2014, the yield of wheat was 1127 pounds/acre.
2015, the yield of wheat was 1153 pounds/acre.
2016, the yield of wheat was 1180 pounds/acre.
2017, the yield of wheat was 1200 pounds/acre.
2018, the yield of wheat was 1260 pounds/acre.
In terms of nearest 5 anniversary (2013-2018) change of production trend, (completely dispensed with artificial using the solution of the present invention
Synthetic chemical without using any pesticide and chemical fertilizer and does not have to herbicide and hormone, merely with the nitrogen that summer weeds generate,
Cooperate the organic fertilizers such as cow dung or soya-bean cake again), wheat yield is realized from the middle-and-low-yielding fields (500-800 pounds/acre) before 2006
1000-1300 pounds/acre of stable high yield target.
The wheat produced per year using 2017 is detected as object, 16 kinds of amino in organic plantation and general planting wheat seed
Acid content and the content of As, Pb, Cr, Ni element are shown in Fig. 1,2.
Comparison is it is found that by taking the wheat of good 99 kind of star as an example, the wheat produced using the method for the present invention, in the wheat seed
16 kinds of amino acid contents are higher by 14% than the same kind wheat that conventional method is planted, and As, Pb, Cr, Ni constituent content compare conventional wheat
Difference low 2%, 387%, 35%, 65%, has prevented agricultural non -point pollution from source.
Three, the economic benefit of method provided by the invention
From the point of view of economic benefit, organic wheat sale price is 3 yuan/jin.Increased soil fertility using corn season production weeds green manure, then fitted
When investment organic fertilizer, 1000 jin of wheats (1200 pounds/acre of our previous experiments use conservation data here) is produced, can be harvested
3000 yuan, 500 yuan of costs are deducted, can get 2500 yuan/mu net benefits.And under rotation system, even if two season of corn wheat is raw
2000 pounds/acre are produced, 2000 yuan/mu of gross income deducts 800 yuan of costs, also there was only 1200 yuan of net efficiency per acre.It does not count both
Calculate the labor cost of peasant's investment.Two Ji Liuyi seasons, labour's sharp fall of investment, but Net economic benefit improves per acre
108%.Labour needed for the sowing of corn season, weeding, laxative, harvest is higher than wheat season, and carries out in hot summer, not as good as friendship
Sward is gone to increase soil fertility to the Nature.
Organic wheat production model fertile mode more quaternary than conventional two, although total output has dropped, economic benefit is double, greatly
Peasant has been transferred greatly plants wheat enthusiasm.1.29 hundred million tons of wheats that country needs, can be passed through using 2.58 hundred million mu of low-yield lands
Increase soil fertility satisfaction, account for the 71% of national 3.62 hundred million mu of wheat cultivation areas at present, national food quantity is not impacted safely,
But wheat quality is greatly improved.
The ground such as China Henan, Shandong, Hebei rain hot same period, summer rainfall account for annual 80% or so.Temperature is high, weeds
It grows vigorous；Edaphon is active, is conducive to mineralization.According to our previous experiments data, after Shandong one is with harvest wheat
Appoint weed growth, it is 16 times (Inner Mongol Zhenglan Banner Sandy Grasslands) on grassland that biomass, which is up to 866.9 kgs/acre (dry weights),.
Nitrogen in weeds etc. can be acted on by microbial mineralization enters soil, utilizes for wheat season.It is transformed by 3-5, low yield
Field will become the plots whose yield is as high as one ton of grain per (wheat+corn) of stable high yield, and only wheat single cropping can also be increased to 600-700kg/ mus.
Four, the ecological benefits of method provided by the invention
Stop application chemical fertilizer completely, and with organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer, it can also obtain high yield.We previous experiments prove,
Soya-bean cake 75kg is applied per acre, is equivalent to soil and is released 5.16kg/ mus of purity nitrogens, can harvest 600kg wheat seed, have also been produced
600kg wheat stalk.These stalks return to culture fertility in ground together with later weeds together.The nitrogen that wheat seed is taken away is
11.4kg/ mus, 3.35kg/ mus of stalk return (nitrogen addition for disregarding wheat root), because harvest seed wane 7.55kg/ mus it is pure
Nitrogen.If rainy season is allowed to sward, 866.9kg/ mus of weed biomass, weeds nitrogen content 2-3% is averaged 2.5%, weeds are fixed
Nitrogen be 21.7kg/ mu, be wheat seed take away the 190% of pure nitrogen level.
Increased soil fertility using weeds and produces organic wheat and bring significant economic, ecology and social benefit.It is mainly manifested in: first is that
Cost-saving synergistic.According to measuring and calculating, the fixed nitrogen of weeds calculates according to 200,000,000 mu of wheat planting districts, is equivalent to 8,700,000,000 kilograms of replacing fertilizer,
Reduce 26,000,000,000 yuans of chemical fertilizer input cost；Pesticide and herbicide are using being reduced to zero, per acre by saving pesticide and herbicide
20 yuan of expense calculating, national 2.58 hundred million mu of organic wheat fields are 51.6 hundred million yuan.Second is that upgrading synergy, makes in chemical fertilizer, pesticide zero
Under the premise of, wheat quality is significantly improved, improves rapid test paper environment, ensures wheat quality safety.Third is that emission reduction increases
Effect, according to our early-stage studies, organic farmland can realize that, by the reverse of carbon emission to carbon absorption, potentiality are 11.5 tons of CO2When
Amount/hectare/year.Thus can calculate, technology of the invention can realize national organic wheat field 1.98 hundred million tons of CO of annual carbon sequestration2。
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method using weeds improvement soil production organic wheat, includes the following steps:
1) before wheat cultivation, apply organic fertilizer in farmland；
2) wheat of excellent variety is selected to be sowed in mid-October；
3) it enhances field management, is at least irrigated in wheat growth stage 2 times, manually or mechanically weeding 2-3 times；
4) after early June next year harvest wheat, wheat stalk height stubble 15-25cm, directly encouragement sward are stayed；
5) entire summer farmland avoids human interference, manages and protects farmland and does not allow the growth of people's grazing impact grass；
6) all weeds are turned over rotary cultivator into soil, and deep ploughs before the Frost's Descent arrives after autumn, withered wheat stalk is connected
Increase soil fertility in turning over fresh weeds into ground, apply organic fertilizer, mixes up sowing wheat behind embanked field and wait for the coming year harvest.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: in the step 1), the organic fertilizer be without antibiotic,
The organic fertilizer of metal and hormone, the soya-bean cake after specifically including fermentation, or sufficiently decomposed cow dung.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by: the organic fertilizer is the beans after fermentation in the step 1)
Cake, amount of application are 75-100kg soya-bean cake/mu；The organic fertilizer is sufficiently decomposed cow dung, and amount of application is 3-5 tons (fresh
Weight)/mu.
4. method according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that: in the step 2), the excellent variety
Wheat breed be good galaxy arrange or Jimai series.
5. method according to any of claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: in the step 4), farmland is also broadcast per acre
Kind 3-4kg soya bean.
6. a kind of method by the plots whose yield is as high as one ton of grain per that transformation of low-yield land is stable high yield, includes the following steps:
1) before wheat cultivation, apply organic fertilizer in farmland；
2) wheat of excellent variety is selected to be sowed；
3) it enhances field management, is at least irrigated in wheat growth stage 2 times, manually or mechanically weeding 2-3 times；
4) after harvesting wheat, wheat stalk height stubble 15-25cm, directly encouragement sward are stayed；
5) entire summer farmland avoids human interference, manages and protects farmland and does not allow the growth of people's grazing impact grass；
6) all weeds are turned over rotary cultivator into soil, and deep ploughs before the Frost's Descent arrives after autumn, withered wheat stalk is connected
Increase soil fertility in turning over fresh weeds into ground, apply organic fertilizer, mixes up sowing wheat behind embanked field and wait for the coming year harvest；
7) above-mentioned 1) -6 are repeated) process, the transformation of low-yield land in the area that will yield two crops a year after 3-5 for stable high yield ton-grain
Field.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized by: in the step 1), the organic fertilizer be without antibiotic,
The organic fertilizer of metal and hormone, the soya-bean cake after specifically including fermentation, or sufficiently decomposed cow dung.
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized by: the organic fertilizer is the beans after fermentation in the step 1)
Cake, amount of application are 75-100kg soya-bean cake/mu；The organic fertilizer is sufficiently decomposed cow dung, and amount of application is 3-5 tons (fresh
Weight)/mu.
9. method a method according to any one of claims 6-8, it is characterised in that: in the step 2), the excellent variety
Wheat breed be good galaxy arrange or Jimai series.
10. the method according to any one of claim 6-9, it is characterised in that: in the step 4), farmland is also broadcast per acre
Kind 3-4kg soya bean.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111053001A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-24 | 蒋俊钦 | Method for planting natural farming wheat by natural farming method |
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