CN102303996B - Organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102303996B CN102303996B CN2011102372077A CN201110237207A CN102303996B CN 102303996 B CN102303996 B CN 102303996B CN 2011102372077 A CN2011102372077 A CN 2011102372077A CN 201110237207 A CN201110237207 A CN 201110237207A CN 102303996 B CN102303996 B CN 102303996B
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of medicinal fertilizers and particularly provides an organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic soybean medicinal fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 2 to 10 parts of European waterhemlock root, 10 to 20 parts of humus soil, 10 to 30 parts of soybean straw and 25 to 60 parts of farm manure (human and animal excreta). The preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting soybean straw; exposing European waterhemlock root in strong sunshine till wilt and cutting; uniformly mixing the cut soybean straw, humus soil, farm manure and cut European waterhemlock root, and composting; and covering and closing the compost with a plastic thin film till the compost matures. The organic soybean medicinal fertilizer realizes the change of waste material into valuable material and the combination of fertilizer and medicine and can supply nutritional elements required by soybeans.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, be specifically related to medicine fertile field, particularly organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
According to China's development low-carbon (LC), circulation, Organic farming, the agricultural development planning that ensures food safety, in line with the purpose that improves quality of agricultural product, reduces production costs, the green medicine fertilizer of research farm crop becomes a kind of inexorable trend.Medicine fertilizer is a kind of in the green manure.
Green manure (green manure) is the green plants body as fertilizer.Green manure is the completely biological source of manure of a kind of nutrient.Green manure is not only the effective ways that add the source of manure, and improvement soil is also had great role, and specifically, green medicine fertilizer has following advantage:
(1) can provide abundant nutrient for soil.The young young stem and leaf of various green manure contains abundant nutrient, in case in soil decomposition, can increase in large quantities organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace element in the soil.Leguminous greenmanuring crop can also increase the nitrogen in the soil, and according to estimates, the nitrogen in the leguminous green manure has 2/3 from air.
(2) can make difficultly soluble nutrient conversion in the soil, be beneficial to absorbing of crop.The secretory product of green manure crop in process of growth and turn over after the organic acid that decompose to produce can make phosphorus, the potassium of insoluble in the soil be converted into validity phosphorus, potassium that crop can utilize.
(3) can improve the physical and chemical character of soil.After green manure ploughs under soil, under the effect of microorganism, constantly decompose, except discharging the mass efficient nutrient, also form soil ulmin, soil ulmin is combined with calcium and can be made soil cementation become crumb structure, the loosing soil, ventilative that crumb structure is arranged, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, and the performance of regulating water, fertilizer, gas, heat is good, is conducive to plant growth.
(4) activity of promotion soil microorganisms.After green manure is manured into soil, increased fresh organic energy substance, microorganism is bred rapidly, the movable enhancing promotes the formation of soil ulmin, and the effectuation of nutrient accelerates soil-ripening.
At present to the fertile existing a small amount of research of green medicine, such as number of patent application: 200810017355.6 disclose a kind of biological multi-effect fertilizer, are comprised of Herba Pileae Scriptae, the bark of ash, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pine needle, Radix Isatidis, golden cypress, aloe, humic acids and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mineral manure; The weight percent of component is: Herba Pileae Scriptae extract 1-2.5%, tuber of stemona extract 1-2.5%, golden cypress extract 1-2.5%, aloe extract 5-10%, pine needle 10-15%, Radix Isatidis 7-10%, bark of ash 7-10%, kuh-seng 10-15%, humic acids 15-20%, available nitrogen 10-20%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 5-10%, potassium oxide 5-lo%.Herbal medicine sterilization and disinsection of the present invention, safety non-pollution, combination of pesticide and fertilizer can be widely used in the cash crop such as soybean, cotton, rape, peanut, beans and silkworm and mulberry, tea woods, fruit tree, various soybean.
Such as number of patent application: 200910000714.1 disclose a kind of Chinese herbal medicine multifunctional organic fertilizer, are comprised of the raw material of following parts by weight: Chinese medicinal ingredients 5, organic substance 95; Described Chinese medicinal ingredients is made by the Chinese medicinal materials of following weight fraction: 10-15%, trypterygine 15-18%, radix aconiti agrestis 15-18%, kerria's seed 20-22%, Chinese honey locust 5-15%, the tuber of stemona 5-7% such as kuh-seng 15-20%, Huang; Described organic substance is comprised of the raw material of following weight fraction: dregs of beans 15.8%, alditol slag 21%, agricultural crop straw powder 31.6%, plant ash 31.6%.Chinese herbal medicine multifunctional organic fertilizer production technique of the present invention is simple, and comprehensive one-tenth wood is low, applied widely.
Present existing green medicine fertilizer is not developed for certain farm crop specially, and its specific aim is not strong.
Summary of the invention
For above the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and preparation method thereof.This organic soybean medicinal fertilizer has been realized " turning waste into wealth ", " fertile medicine unification ", has the function of rehabilitating soil, low-carbon (LC) safety; And can supply with soybean desired nutritional element comprehensively.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer,
(1) weight part of raw material consists of:
(2) raw material of getting described weight part is produced described organic soybean medicinal fertilizer according to the following steps:
A) soybean stalk is cut off processing;
B) hemlock is exposed to the sun carries out the cut-off part reason to the wilting shape;
C) hemlock of soybean stalk, vegetable mould, farm manure and the cut-out cut off is stirred rear compost;
D) with plastics film compost is covered airtight good, until compost maturity.
One of meet the following conditions, be described compost maturity:
The heap corruption of a) becoming thoroughly decomposed is brown or chocolate;
B) there is black liquor to discharge;
C) volume ratio of compost has reduced 2/3 to 1/2 before than compost;
D) equally loose with finger afterturn time image dry ground.
The rotten time of the heap of described compost is 45 days to 65 days.
A) described cut-out processing is that soybean stalk, hemlock are cut to respectively 1cm-2cm length to step with step b).
The method of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer is: adopt the fertile method of spring making ridge folder, mu is executed duplicate rows air inhaling type fine sowing on 500 kilograms of ridges of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer.The field 350,000 strain/hectares of keeping a full stand of seedings." duplicate rows air inhaling type fine sowing " refers to the mechanical required air inhaling type fine sowing function that possesses of the agro-farming of using.
Below the present invention will be further explained and the explanation:
Farm manure of the present invention refers to human and animal excreta (water content≤30%).
Vegetable mould of the present invention is to purchase available in the Jiayin County, Heilongjiang Province.
The present invention is by lot of experiments and select excellently, and it is fertile to obtain to be suitable for the medicine that the organic soy growth cultivates, and it is particularly conducive to know-why that the organic soy growth cultivates has:
A. control effect and mechanism (pharmacological action):
(1) the effective medicinal ingredients of hemlock:
Complete of hemlock poisonous (complete stool stench); Toxic ingredient is coniine, methyl-coniine and cicutexin; And coniine belongs to biological highly basic severe toxicity class.
(2) bacteriostatic action of coniine and cicutexin:
According to the related documents report, the extract of hemlock such as coniine and cicutexin all have extraordinary inhibitory or killing effect to multiple pathogenic microbes such as Bacillus proteus, green expander roll bacterium, intestinal bacteria, streptococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, cured sample bacillus.By the mankind's continuation research, it will be the best cleaning material of soil.
B. Mechanism of fertilizer efficiency:
The first, green manure (green manure) is the green plants body as fertilizer.Green manure is the completely biological source of manure of a kind of nutrient.Green manure is not only the effective ways that add the source of manure, and improvement soil is also had great role.Hemlock 2-10% among the present invention just belongs to green manure.
The effect of green manure:
(1) can provide abundant nutrient for soil.The young young stem and leaf of various green manure contains abundant nutrient, in case in soil decomposition, can increase in large quantities organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace element in the soil.The bright grass of every metric ton green manure generally can be confessed 6.3 kilograms of nitrogens, 1.3 kilograms of phosphorus elements, and 5 kilograms of potassium elements are equivalent to 13.7 kilograms of urea, 6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 10 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar.The well developed root system of green manure crop, if over-ground part produces 1000 kilograms of bright grass, then underground root system just has 150 kilograms, can increase in large quantities the soil organism, improves Soil structure, increases soil fertility.Leguminous greenmanuring crop can also increase the nitrogen in the soil, and according to estimates, the nitrogen in the leguminous green manure has 2/3 from air.
(2) can make difficultly soluble nutrient conversion in the soil, be beneficial to absorbing of crop.The secretory product of green manure crop in process of growth and turn over after the organic acid that decompose to produce can make phosphorus, the potassium of insoluble in the soil be converted into validity phosphorus, potassium that crop can utilize.
(3) can improve the physical and chemical character of soil.After green manure ploughs under soil, under the effect of microorganism, constantly decompose, except discharging the mass efficient nutrient, also form soil ulmin, soil ulmin is combined with calcium and can be made soil cementation become crumb structure, the loosing soil, ventilative that crumb structure is arranged, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, and the performance of regulating water, fertilizer, gas, heat is good, is conducive to plant growth.
(4) activity of promotion soil microorganisms.After green manure is manured into soil, increased fresh organic energy substance, microorganism is bred rapidly, the movable enhancing promotes the formation of soil ulmin, and the effectuation of nutrient accelerates soil-ripening.
The second, vegetable mould claims again leaf-humidified soil, is plant leaf Nutrition Soil through forming behind the microorganism decomposing and fermenting in soil.Made in the process of plant leaf decomposition by the multiple-microorganism alternating activity at this, formed the advantage that much is different from natural soils.
Characteristics humous:
A, be that light weight is loose, permeable venting capability is good, and the preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong;
B, be concrete dynamic modulus, long-term application can not harden, easily by plant absorbing.Use with other soil, can improve soil, increase soil fertility;
C, be to be rich in organic matter, humic acid and a small amount of VITAMIN, growth hormone, trace element etc., can promote growing of plant.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, organic soybean medicinal fertilizer nutrient of the present invention is complete, and especially the potassium cellulose content is high, and the lasting period is long, neither can cause the soybean overgrowing, in the situation that does not chase after ear manuer, can not cause taking off fertile early ageing yet, and can satisfy soybean fully to the demand of three large nutritive elements, realize high yield.
2, relative chemical fertilizer, the organic soybean medicinal fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is more slow, topdresses and should as far as possible early execute, under namely executing before the soybeans they grow peak occurs, to satisfy corn normal growth demand.
3, the active drug element that possesses by green manure self suppresses the harmful microorganism in the soil, improves the soil microorganisms environment, reaches the chemical quality standard of repairing and improving soil.Under the future of not using agricultural chemicals, the assurance organic soy of Maximum Safety can be gathered in the crops and have a good harvest.
4, the Soil-sickness Problem in the solution Soybean production.Show: increase soil organic matter content and trace element.Particularly increase the soybean reproductive growth and nourish and grow the institute must the absorption the organotrophy element: such as glucose, fructose, oligose, Nucleotide, VITAMIN, amino acid etc.These organotrophies all are to offer the soybeans they grow whole process in the humification process by green manure.
5, use organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and reduced agricultural compound to the pollution of farm environment, saved investment of production, be conducive to promote green, organic farm products production, also improved simultaneously farm crop resistance, optimized quality.Therefore, the green medicine of Devoting Major Efforts To Developing is fertile, is the important step of Developing Sustainable Agriculture and circulation, sustainable agriculture.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The described a kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer of present embodiment is comprised of the raw material of following weight part (kg): hemlock 2kg, vegetable mould 18kg, soybean stalk 20kg, farm manure (human and animal excreta of water content≤30%) 60kg;
According to above-mentioned raw materials weight part proportioning, the preparation method may further comprise the steps:
1) soybean stalk is cut off processing (2CM length is advisable).
2) hemlock is exposed to the sun in the sun carries out cut-off part reason (1CM length is advisable) to the wilted condition.
3) hemlock with soybean stalk, vegetable mould, farm manure and the cut-out cut off stirs rear beginning compost, leewardly is shaped as suitable to the Yangcheng steamed bun.
4) with plastics film compost is covered airtight good (insulation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation).The rotten time of heap was 45 days to 65 days (being determined to become thoroughly decomposed the time by the accumulated temperature total amount).
One of meet the following conditions, be compost maturity:
(1). the heap corruption of becoming thoroughly decomposed is brown or chocolate;
(2). there is black liquor to discharge;
(3). the volume ratio of compost has reduced 2/3 to 1/2 before than compost;
(4). equally loose with finger afterturn time image dry ground.
Embodiment 2:
The described a kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer of present embodiment is comprised of the raw material of following weight part (kg): hemlock 5kg, vegetable mould 15kg, soybean stalk 30kg, farm manure (human and animal excreta) 50kg.The preparation method of the described a kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 with step.
Embodiment 3:
The described a kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer of present embodiment is comprised of the raw material of following weight part (kg): hemlock 10kg, vegetable mould 12kg, soybean stalk 12kg, farm manure (human and animal excreta) 25kg.The preparation method of the described a kind of organic soybean medicinal fertilizer of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 with step.
Embodiment 4: the application process experiment:
One, test objective
Use organic soybean medicinal fertilizer in soybean growth rule, resistance performance and yield result for exploring soybean, design and implement this test, for the soybean green non-pollution and organise to produce scientific basis is provided.
Two, test design
Adopt the Da Qu simultaneous test, namely whole process is used organic soybean medicinal fertilizer (fertile hereinafter to be referred as medicine) for processing, and whole process is used chemical fertilizer and is contrast (ck).Fertilization Structure two is processed fertile with medicine in chemical fertilizer respectively and is carried out base fertilizer and using of once topdressing.Process rate of fertilizer application such as table one.Chemical fertilizer is processed the base fertilizer of (ck) and is topdressed and is Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (N:P:K=22:11:12).The fertile base fertilizer of processing of medicine is medicine fertilizer with topdressing.The Da Qu area is 667m
2If three repetitions.
Rate of fertilizer application is processed in table one, test
Unit: kg/acre
Three, for the examination material:
For trying soybean varieties: close rich No. 35, medicine fertilizer is organic soybean medicinal fertilizer (above-described embodiment 1-3 is prepared), and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer is that the general goods of buying on the market is fertile.
Four, for examination field basic condition:
Be positioned at Aug. 1st farm, Zhaoyang Town, Jiayin County 17 for the examination field and connect, soil belongs to meadow burozem, and organic 2.94%.Quality is earth on the upper side, and soil fertility is for waiting on the upper side; Front stubble is soybean, 176 kilograms of per unit area yields; Irrigation condition is excellent, and it is convenient to exchange.
Five, organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and common chemical fertilizer are on the impact of Soybean Growth Characters situation: (seeing Table two)
Table two, medicine fertilizer and investigation breeding time of chemical fertilizer simultaneous test
| Process | Sowing date | Emerge the date | Bloom the date | The ripe date | The fertility date |
| Medicine is fertile | 5.12 | 5.23 | 7.9 | 9.23 | 122 |
| Chemical fertilizer ck | 5.12 | 5.24 | 7.11 | 9.21 | 120 |
| Difference sooner or later | Morning 1 | Morning 2 | Evening 2 | Evening 2 |
Six, test-results economic characters and output comparative analysis:
Become pod phase field to survey product, indoor species test and real cutting and play in fact output tabulation three.Can see that from table three organic soybean medicinal fertilizer is processed, in proterties and output very comprehensively advantage be arranged relatively.16 kilograms of yield result contrast volume increase, output amplification is 9.58%, reaches comparison conspicuous level.Have this to show, it is sane that organic soybean medicinal fertilizer is processed not only growth, grows normally, and be conducive to the optimization of fringe section proterties, realizes high and stable yields.
Table three, different treatment soybean trait and output is (3 are repeated mean value) relatively
Seven, test-results resistance comparative analysis
Observe and investigate two whole breeding time and process the resistance performance, main resistance tabulation four.From table four as can be known, organic soybean medicinal fertilizer is processed and is conducive to improve the soybean comprehensive resistance, finally directly or indirectly has influence on setting percentage and thousand seed weight, and the Economic Characters of table three has also been verified this point.
Table four, resistance are relatively
Unit: %
Eight, conclusion and discussion
1, this test shows, in medium fertility or field on the upper side, and the cultivated soybean, mu is executed 500 kilograms of organic soybean medicinal fertilizers, can satisfy soybean fully to the demand of three large nutritive elements, the realization high yield.
2, the organic soybean medicinal fertilizer nutrient is complete, and especially the potassium cellulose content is high, and speed is slow, and to have both the lasting period long, neither can cause soybean to overgrow, and also can not cause taking off fertile early ageing in the situation that does not chase after ear manuer.
3, relative chemical fertilizer, the organic soybean medicinal fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is more slow, topdresses and should as far as possible early execute, namely before the soybeans they grow peak occurs, execute lower, would rather be fertile etc. seedling, can not seedling etc. fertilizer, to satisfy corn normal growth demand.
4, use organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and reduced agricultural compound to the pollution of farm environment, saved investment of production, be conducive to promote green, organic farm products production, also improved simultaneously farm crop resistance, optimized quality.Therefore, the green medicine of Devoting Major Efforts To Developing is fertile, is the important step of Developing Sustainable Agriculture and circulation, sustainable agriculture.
Claims (4)
1. organic soybean medicinal fertilizer is characterized in that:
(1) weight part of raw material consists of:
2 parts-10 parts of hemlocks,
10 parts-20 parts of vegetable mould,
10 parts-30 parts of soybean stalks,
25 parts-60 parts of farm manures;
(2) raw material of getting described weight part is produced described organic soybean medicinal fertilizer according to the following steps:
A) soybean stalk is cut off processing;
B) hemlock is exposed to the sun carries out the cut-off part reason to the wilting shape;
C) hemlock of soybean stalk, vegetable mould, farm manure and the cut-out cut off is stirred rear compost;
D) with plastics film compost is covered airtight good, until compost maturity.
2. described organic soybean medicinal fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, one of meets the following conditions, and is described compost maturity:
The heap corruption of a) becoming thoroughly decomposed is brown or chocolate;
B) there is black liquor to discharge;
C) volume ratio of compost has reduced 2/3 to 1/2 before than compost;
D) equally loose with finger afterturn time image dry ground.
3. described organic soybean medicinal fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the rotten time of the heap of described compost is 45 days to 65 days.
4. described organic soybean medicinal fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step a) and step b) described cut-out is processed is that soybean stalk and hemlock are cut to respectively 1cm-2cm length.
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| CN104276905A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-14 | 天津天隆种业科技有限公司 | Green ecological medicinal fertilizer for soybeans and preparation method of green ecological medicinal fertilizer |
| CN104355711A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-02-18 | 同济大学 | Aerobic composting method for animal dung with humus |
| CN104829400A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-12 | 安徽禾源柴达建材科技有限公司 | Novel preparation method for organic fertilizer |
| CN110256122A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏思威博生物科技有限公司 | A kind of compost fermentation covering membrane material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111170807A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南苏仙瑶岭生态休闲农业开发有限公司 | Large-scale cultivation method for forest humic bacterial manure |
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| CN101774845A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2010-07-14 | 赵东科 | High-efficient microbial organic fertilizer and production technology thereof |
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| 毒芹对布氏田鼠的驱避作用;郭喜红等,1;《草地学报》;20070225(第01期);88-91 * |
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