CN104355711A - Aerobic composting method for animal dung with humus - Google Patents
Aerobic composting method for animal dung with humus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104355711A CN104355711A CN201410608912.7A CN201410608912A CN104355711A CN 104355711 A CN104355711 A CN 104355711A CN 201410608912 A CN201410608912 A CN 201410608912A CN 104355711 A CN104355711 A CN 104355711A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aerobic composting method for animal dung with humus. The method comprises the following steps: smashing straws to be 2-3 cm, and measuring the TC, TN, C/N, moisture content and the like of animal dung, the straws and humus powder; uniformly mixing the three materials, wherein the addition amount of the humus powder is 7-20 percent of the wet basis mass of the animal dung, the straws are mixed according to the fact that the C/N of the mixed compost is (25-30):1, the moisture of the mixed compost is adjusted to 65%-70%; finally the mixed compost is loaded in a fermentation bin, aerobic composting is conducted in an intermittent forced ventilation way, wherein the operation of a fan is controlled by a time relay: the fan operates for 1 min and stops for 25 min on the first to fourth day of composting, the fan operates for 1 min and stops for 15 min on the fifth to fifteenth day of composting, and the fan operates for 1 min and stops for 35 min on the sixteenth to thirty-fifth day of composting, and during composting, the compost is turned every 7 days until the compost is thoroughly decomposed. While accelerating the compost fermentation course, the method improves the quality of the compost, realizes cyclic utilization of animal dung and promotes agricultural sustainable development.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of interpolation fowl and animal excrement aerobic compost method humous.Belong to poultry industry organic waste treatment technical field.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of poultry industry, livestock and poultry farm mass-producing, intensive degree are increasing, and the quantity discharged of fowl and animal excrement also increases year by year.Data shows, 1988, nineteen ninety-five, 2000 China fowl and animal excrement quantity discharged be respectively 18.8,24.9,36.4 hundred million tons, containing growth and development of plants desired nutritional elements such as higher N, P, K in fowl and animal excrement, simultaneously also containing a large amount of organic matters and pathogenic micro-organism, if deal with improperly, not only to environmental danger, and the health of livestock and poultry and the mankind can be affected.In composting process, feces of livestock and poultry organic matter generation degraded and humify under the effect of microorganism tend towards stability, and pathogenic bacteria is at high temperature killed simultaneously.Composting process is the important process mode of feces of livestock and poultry minimizing, innoxious, stabilization and agriculture extensive use of chemical fertilizer recycle.But, traditional compost treatment exist compost heat up slow, the pliotherm period is short, the compost time long and it is thorough to become thoroughly decomposed, the problems such as quality product is low, can not meet the needs of growing mass-producing, centralization-breeding factory organic waste treatment.In compost material, add different physics, chemistry and microbe additive can solve the problem to a certain extent, such as in compost material, add mineralized waste, maturity can be accelerated, but, may containing the multiple hazardous and noxious substances comprising heavy metal in mineralized waste, in addition, the preparation of various chemical additive and the screening and culturing cost intensive of microbe inoculation, take time and effort, often can not obtain satisfied effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the Traditional compost time long, halfway problem of becoming thoroughly decomposed, provide a kind of interpolation fowl and animal excrement aerobic compost method humous, be intended to accelerate composting process, improve quality of compost products, realize the recycle of fowl and animal excrement, promote poultry industry Sustainable development.
For achieving the above object, the present invention finds that vegetable mould is that natural plant and animal residues is formed after long-term microbial process, has porous, short texture, containing abundant soil ulmin, soil ulmin comprises a large amount of organo-functional group, and molecular weight is large, and aromatization degree is high, stable in properties.Vegetable mould porous, loose structure can improve compost aeration status and compost microenvironment; Its huge specific surface area can provide attachment site for microbe survival, accelerate growth of microorganism, improves Bacterial community, improves enzymic activity; The existence of the hydrophobic group such as aldehyde radical, carboxyl and specific functional groups can improve the surfactivity of compost medium, reduce the absorption of microorganism in heap surface, strengthen the penetrance of microorganism, improve the transmission of microorganism in compost medium and dissemination, promote that microorganism is to the transmission of compost medium deep layer, improves the organic biological degradation of heap body deep layer.Therefore, the present invention adds vegetable mould in fowl and animal excrement, and finds out Composting condition by experiment, and concrete steps are as follows:
First measure stalk respectively, the TC of fowl and animal excrement and vegetable mould powder, TN, C/N and water ratio, then, by even for above-mentioned three kinds of mixing of materials, obtain mixing windrow, wherein addition humous is the 7%-20% of fowl and animal excrement wet basis quality, stalk reaches 25-30:1 by mixing windrow C/N and prepares burden, the water ratio regulating mixing windrow is 65%-70% mass percent, finally, to mix windrow loads in fermentation cabin, interval forced ventilation mode is adopted to carry out aerobic compost, the operation of draft fan is controlled by the time relay: compost 1st ~ 4d, 1min left by blower fan, close 25min, circulate successively, 5th ~ 15d, 1min left by blower fan, closes 15min, circulates successively, 16th ~ 35d, 1min left by blower fan, closes 35min, circulates successively, during compost, turning in every 7 days once, to compost maturity, sampling, measures the total organic carbon of compost, total organic nitrogen, total humic acid, humic acid, E4, E6 index, when meeting compost degree of humification and product quality, compost is taken out from fermentation cabin, stand-by.
Described fowl and animal excrement is cow dung, pig manure or chicken manure.
Described stalk is asparagus straws, maize straw or rice straw, and length is 2-3 ㎝.
Described vegetable mould powder is the vegetable mould provided by Japanese W.T.M. company, after grinding, crosses 60 mesh sieves, the vegetable mould powder obtained.The character of obtained vegetable mould powder and main component: color is beige, density 2.47g/cm
3, pH=3, water ratio is 20%, ash content 50%, organic 30%, organic matter is polymeric organic acid mainly, containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, aldehyde radical isoreactivity group, and not containing As, Cd, Hg, Cr, C
6h
5the objectionable constituent such as OH, HCHO.
Advantage of the present invention
1, because the present invention adopts vegetable mould as Composting additive, vegetable mould porous, loose structure improve compost aeration status and compost microenvironment; Its huge specific surface area can provide attachment site for microbe survival, promotes the transmission of microorganism in fowl and animal excrement particle, dissemination, enhances the enzymic activity of microorganism, improve Bacterial community, therefore, accelerate compost fermentation maturity.
2, the present invention adopts vegetable mould as Composting additive, adds humic acid carbon content in compost soil ulmin, enhances condensation and the aromatization degree of compost soil ulmin.
3, vegetable mould, as Composting additive, substantially not containing hazardous and noxious substances such as heavy metals, is conducive to promoting the use of of follow-up composting production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is interpolation of the present invention embodiment humous and the changing trend diagram not adding temperature in reference examples cow dung compost process humous.
Fig. 2 is interpolation of the present invention embodiment humous and the changing trend diagram not adding C/N in reference examples cow dung compost process humous.
Fig. 3 is interpolation of the present invention embodiment humous and the changing trend diagram not adding total humic acid/total organic carbon in reference examples cow dung compost process humous.
Fig. 4 is interpolation of the present invention embodiment humous and the changing trend diagram not adding humic acid/total organic carbon in reference examples cow dung compost process humous.
Fig. 5 is interpolation of the present invention embodiment humous and the changing trend diagram not adding E4/E6 in reference examples cow dung compost process humous.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Asparagus straws is crushed to 2-3 ㎝, to record its water ratio be 12.12%, C/N is 54.78; The water ratio of cow dung is 73.54%, C/N is 26.16; Vegetable mould powder water ratio is 20%, C/N is 15.81.By three's Homogeneous phase mixing, wherein addition humous is 15% of cow dung wet basis quality.Regulate mixture, making its water ratio be 70%, C/N is 28:1.Then, windrow will be mixed and load in fermentation cabin, and adopt interval forced ventilation mode to carry out aerobic fermentation.The size of ventilation is controlled by gas meter, remains on 60 (ml/min)/kg (initial volatile matter); The operation of blower fan is controlled by the time relay, compost 1st ~ 4d, and 1min left by blower fan, closes 25min; 5th ~ 15d, 1min left by blower fan, closes 15min; 16th ~ 35d, 1min left by blower fan, closes 35min; During compost, measure the temperature of heap body every day, and respectively at Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 7,12,17,22,27, within 32 days, sample, the index of correlation such as total organic carbon, total organic nitrogen, total humic acid, humic acid, E4, E6 measured, turning in every 7 days once, to compost maturity.
Comparative example
By with the fowl and animal excrement and asparagus straws Homogeneous phase mixing in the same source of embodiment after, carry out compost fermentation, do not add vegetable mould, other operations are all identical with embodiment.
Provided by the invention take vegetable mould as the method that additive carries out Composting, and compost degree of humification and product quality are all better than not adding common compost humous, and maturity is accelerated.Its concrete effect is shown in accompanying drawing 1-5.
As shown in Figure 1, add in embodiment humous, the Time transfer receiver that compost enters the pliotherm period shifts to an earlier date 2 days as a rule, and the pliotherm period extends 1 day, adds vegetable mould and obviously accelerates compost maturity process.
C/N is the parameter of the most frequently used evaluation compost maturity, and the final C/N of composting production should be tending towards the C/N of microbial cells in theory, when namely C/N value drops to below 20:1 by initial 25-30:1, can think and reach steady state by compost maturity.
As shown in Figure 2, at the end of compost, the C/N of embodiment is 16.8, the C/N of reference examples is 18.6, all reach the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed, but the C/N of embodiment compost is closer to the C/N of microbial cells, namely be that additive carries out Composting, better effects if of becoming thoroughly decomposed with vegetable mould.
Total humic acid reflects the degree of humification of carbon element in composting process with the ratio of total organic carbon, and its ratio is higher, and degree of humification is higher.
As shown in Figure 3, before and after compost, in embodiment, total humic acid adds 22.1% with the ratio of total organic carbon, and the total humic acid of reference examples adds 8.39% with the ratio of total organic carbon, embodiment comparatively reference examples improves 163.4%, namely adds vegetable mould and can strengthen degree of humification in compost material significantly.
Humic acid is the important component part of humic acid, usually plays conclusive effect to the quality of soil ulmin and character.As shown in Figure 4, compost is initial, embodiment is close with the ratio of organic carbon with humic acid in reference examples, terminate to compost, in embodiment, humic acid and organic carbon compares, reference examples improves 19.88%, and namely additive vegetable mould facilitates complex structure in compost material significantly, the content of the humic acid of stable in properties.
E4/E6 is usually used as the important indicator of humic acid condensation degree and aromatization degree, and ratio is lower, show the condensation degree of soil ulmin and aromatization degree higher.
As shown in Figure 5, extremely, the E4/E6 of embodiment and reference examples is respectively 2.67 and 2.79, and the E4/E6 of embodiment is lower than reference examples.So, add vegetable mould and can effectively promote windrow degree of humification, condensation degree and aromatization degree.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is added fowl and animal excrement aerobic compost method humous, it is characterized in that: first measure stalk respectively, the TC of fowl and animal excrement and vegetable mould powder, TN, C/N and water ratio, then, by even for above-mentioned three kinds of mixing of materials, obtain mixing windrow, wherein addition humous is the 7%-20% of fowl and animal excrement wet basis quality, stalk is 25-30:1 batching by mixing windrow C/N, the water ratio regulating mixing windrow is 65%-70% mass percent, finally, to mix windrow loads in fermentation cabin, interval forced ventilation mode is adopted to carry out aerobic compost, the operation of blower fan is controlled by the time relay: compost 1st ~ 4d, 1min left by blower fan, close 25min, circulate successively, 5th ~ 15d, 1min left by blower fan, closes 15min, circulates successively, 16th ~ 35d, 1min left by blower fan, closes 35min, circulates successively, during compost, turning in every 7 days once, to compost maturity, sampling, measures the total organic carbon of compost, total organic nitrogen, total humic acid, humic acid, E4, E6 index, when meeting compost degree of humification and product quality, compost is taken out from fermentation cabin, stand-by.
2. one according to claim 1 adds fowl and animal excrement aerobic compost method humous, it is characterized in that: described fowl and animal excrement is cow dung, pig manure or chicken manure.
3. one according to claim 1 adds fowl and animal excrement aerobic compost method humous, and it is characterized in that: described stalk is asparagus straws, maize straw or rice straw, length is 2-3 ㎝.
4. one according to claim 1 adds fowl and animal excrement aerobic compost method humous, it is characterized in that: described vegetable mould powder is the vegetable mould provided by Japanese W.T.M. company, after grinding, crosses 60 mesh sieves, the vegetable mould powder obtained.
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| CN201410608912.7A CN104355711A (en) | 2014-11-03 | 2014-11-03 | Aerobic composting method for animal dung with humus |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111170807A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南苏仙瑶岭生态休闲农业开发有限公司 | Large-scale cultivation method for forest humic bacterial manure |
| CN113075345A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for analyzing and determining whether aerobic high-temperature compost is decomposed stably by adopting high performance liquid chromatography |
| CN113735660A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-12-03 | 株式会社克莱希 | Reasonable method for preparing artificial humus and its application method |
| CN115028482A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for improving nitrogen level of organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure |
| CN115093259A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-23 | 天津大学 | Method for carrying out aerobic composting on livestock and poultry manure added with bean dregs and compost product |
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| CN102303996A (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2012-01-04 | 湖南袁氏生态植物营养科技有限公司 | Organic soybean medicinal fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN1424288A (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2003-06-18 | 湖南大学 | Aerobic compost method for producing organic compost from urban organic solid wastes |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111170807A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 湖南苏仙瑶岭生态休闲农业开发有限公司 | Large-scale cultivation method for forest humic bacterial manure |
| CN113735660A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-12-03 | 株式会社克莱希 | Reasonable method for preparing artificial humus and its application method |
| CN113075345A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for analyzing and determining whether aerobic high-temperature compost is decomposed stably by adopting high performance liquid chromatography |
| CN113075345B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-06-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for analyzing and determining whether aerobic high-temperature compost is decomposed stably |
| CN115028482A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for improving nitrogen level of organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure |
| CN115028482B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-04-14 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for improving nitrogen level of organic fertilizer of livestock and poultry manure |
| CN115093259A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-23 | 天津大学 | Method for carrying out aerobic composting on livestock and poultry manure added with bean dregs and compost product |
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