CN104686150B - A kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming - Google Patents
A kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686150B CN104686150B CN201510096771.XA CN201510096771A CN104686150B CN 104686150 B CN104686150 B CN 104686150B CN 201510096771 A CN201510096771 A CN 201510096771A CN 104686150 B CN104686150 B CN 104686150B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming, comprise the steps：1) plant selects：To the bud potted flower phase after the Paeonia papaveracea florescence in spring, select perennial axillary seedling or grafting, before frozen soil after selected Paeonia papaveracea Seedling fallen leaves, basin on lifting, prune plant type and retain effective bud；2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings：Paeonia papaveracea Seedling mid-November waters after upper basin, in outdoor less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, places at least 30 days, and reaches 640 DEG C of minimum effective accumulated temperature, number 360h when minimum need are cold；3) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings moves into after terminating and heats hot-house culture to blooming, and wherein, greenhouse experiment is controlled to：19～25 DEG C of temperature day temperature, 10～6 DEG C of night temperature, between intensity of illumination 18000～20000lux, humidity 50%～70%.The florescence control method of the present invention makes Paeonia papaveracea low temperature breaking dormancy based on the biological characteristicses of Paeonia papaveracea itself, and high temperature completes flower forcing；Simplify whole culture process, and do not need HORMONE TREATMENT, save and put into, improve the quality of Paeonia papaveracea winter potted flower, increase economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming, belong to field of flower culture.
Background technology
Paeonia papaveracea (Paeonia rockii T.Hong et J.J.Li) is that China is distinctive famous to be viewed and admired and medicinal plant
Thing, as the second largest Breeds of research of Paeonia suffruticosa, its have the ornamental values such as plant is tall and big, flower is luxuriant, the fragrance of flowers is strong and drought-enduring,
Cold-resistant characteristic.Paeonia papaveracea is that Paeoniaceae Paeonia suffruticosa belongs to fallen leaves undershrub, and stem is upright, high 1.5m.The lower portion of the stem leaf is two times pinniforms
Compound leaf, has long handle；A time accessory pinna ovate Long Circle of its underpart, has two times accessory pinna 2-7 pieces, nethermost two times accessory pinna width ovum
Shape.Three drastic cracks or full edge, sliver ovate-elliptic or long round shape lanceolar, upper surface no hair, raw pubescence is dredged at the back side.Hua great, U.S.
Beautiful, Dan Shengzhi pushes up, about 10 pieces of petal, white, and outside of belly base portion has the big speckle of black purple, and filigree is faint yellow, floral disc keratin, carpel 5-
8 pieces, stigma yellow-white.May at florescence, the fruiting period 8-9 month.It is distributed in China Shan sweet loess plateau forest zone and Qin-ba Mountains, plant height is spent
Perfume (or spice), tolerance to cold is strong, and growing way is strong.
Paeonia papaveracea nature the florescence be May, for a long time with field production, view and admire based on, seldom see potted flower culture.At me
State, winter Paeonia suffruticosa potted flower market is based on the short Central Plains Paeonia suffruticosa of plant type (Paeonia suffruticosa).Applicant's early stage
Attempt reference Central Plains peony flower forcing method and carry out Paeonia papaveracea winter forcing culture：On the 10-11 month, basin lets cool storehouse and spends vernalization rank
Section breaking dormancy, 11～December is introduced into low temperature greenhouse 15～30 days, enter back into high temperature greenhouse cooperation foreign aid's hormone cultivate until
Bloom.It is found by the applicant that due to the difference of plant physiological property, it is male that Central Plains peony flower forcing method is used for purpura in actual enforcement
Pellet leads to its cultivation cost to remain high, and sprouting is irregular, abortion rate is high, branch and leaf are sparse, fresh idea is few, the overall matter of impact potted flower
Amount.
Content of the invention
For there is no at present maturation can be used for Paeonia papaveracea this problem of Winter blooming technical scheme, applicant is for many years
Carefully study and analyze different growth conditionss and environment to the effect of Paeonia papaveracea florescence control so as on New Year's Day and the Spring Festival etc.
Bloom under winter environment, so that supply winter market, solve different times market scale demand；And method of the present invention energy
Enough simplify cultivating process, reduces cost, strengthen Paeonia papaveracea winter potted flower quality, improve its ornamental character.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming, comprises the steps：1) plant selects：In purpura
To the bud potted flower phase after the Paeonia suffruticosa florescence in spring, select perennial axillary seedling or grafting, soil after selected Paeonia papaveracea Seedling fallen leaves
Before earth freezes, basin on lifting, prune plant type and retain effective bud；2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings：Water after basin on Paeonia papaveracea Seedling, in outdoor
Less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, places at least 30 days, and reaches 640 DEG C of minimum effective accumulated temperature, number 360h when minimum need are cold；3)
Outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings moves into after terminating and heats hot-house culture to blooming, and wherein, greenhouse experiment is controlled to：19～25 DEG C of temperature day temperature, night
10～6 DEG C of temperature, between intensity of illumination 18000～20000lux, humidity 50%～70%.
The florescence control method of the present invention, has taken into full account the physiological feature of Paeonia papaveracea, in Paeonia papaveracea greenhouse
Meet 640 DEG C of minimum effective accumulated temperature of blooming before culture, meet it through outdoor less than the 0 DEG C cold acclimation of at least 35～40 days
After chilling requirement, fully release bud dormancy ability rudiment and bloom.
In above-mentioned, alleged is not required for below 0 DEG C of whole day temperature in outdoor less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, and
Refer in whole day, have the time to be less than 0 DEG C, be commonly referred to as nocturnal temperature be less than 0 DEG C it is however generally that, in north of China, wrap
Include the most areas such as northeast, northwest, below 0 DEG C of winter nocturnal temperature.
Likewise, being intended merely to reduce the cost of whole production using natural low temperature, make under conditions of artificially controlling temperature
Temperature is less than 0 DEG C, then meets 640 DEG C of minimum effective accumulated temperature, and when minimum need are cold, the technical scheme of number 360h can also be used for substituting
The step 2 of the present invention).
Technical scheme makes Paeonia papaveracea after outdoor completes bud differentiation breaking dormancy, enters back into high temperature temperature
Room completes flower forcing, dramatically saves on the economic input of artificial breaking dormancy (Storage in cold bank), and hinders root, dry in the sun, applies and swash
Element releases many management links such as bud dormancy, improves economic benefit.
In order to improve the survival rate of plant, more than the selection life in 3 years of step (1) described Paeonia papaveracea Seedling there are more than 4 and satisfy
Full bud, robust plant Paeonia papaveracea axillary seedling or the purple of the above robust plant with more than 6 full buds of life in 4 years
Speckle Paeonia suffruticosa grafting.
In order to improve the speed of growth of plant, set-up procedure (1) cultivation matrix used by basin can also be gone up as needed, permissible
Using normal soil, it would however also be possible to employ mixed culture matrix improves ventilative grade it is preferred that step (1) goes up cultivation base used by basin
Matter forms for 2 parts of garden mould, 1 part of slag, 1 part of mixing of sawdust by weight.
Wherein, basin used can be selected according to plant situation it is however generally that used more than 35cm bore mud earthen basin or
Basin on pottery basin.
In order to ensure plant in the necessary incubation time of cold stage, but effectively save whole incubation, applicant couple
The time of step (2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings has made intensive studies it is preferred that low temperature standing time is 35～40 days.
During hot-house culture, in order to ensure that branch and leaf develop, step (3) flower forcing processes and starts to the stage of buddingging, daily
Spray water 4 to 6 times to buddingging on branch, keep basin soil humidity.
Above-mentioned basin soil humidity meets growth needs, and usual humidity is not less than 50%, preferably 70%.
Likewise, step (3) flower forcing processes mid-term sprouting to the vertical flower bud stage from bud, in order to ensure effective flower forcing, every basin
The carbamide of foliage-spray 0.3% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The above-mentioned fertilizer spraying is preferred, but the fertilizer that other is commonly used in greenhouse flower culture field can also be used for this
Invention.
After alabastrum occurs, indeformable in order to ensure flower, strengthen blade face water spray, water less in basin.
The flat Fructus Persicae phase processing in step (3) flower forcing, noon adds a cover shade net, promotes scape to extend, flower bud growth.
The method of the present invention, substantial amounts of culture experiment shows so that Paeonia papaveracea enter the room after rudiment in about 10～15 days,
20 days about alabastrum expand, the existing color of 30 days about alabastrums, open at the beginning of 35～40 days, flowering rate 95.5%, the individual plant averagely amount of blossoming can
Reach 5.5, plant is tall and big, the fragrance of flowers is strong, reach flower forcing purpose.
Specific embodiment
In order to further illustrate technical scheme, applicant provides following examples and incubation.Following institute
The kind being related to and specific parameter are only schematically, the present invention are not constituted and are particularly limited to.
Embodiment 1：With the Spring Festival for spending as main target, using 23 Paeonia papaveracea flower forcing kinds as object of study, sweet
The research of respectful Lanzhou releases the forcing culture technology of Paeonia papaveracea bud dormancy.
In the present embodiment, have selected the implementation process so that the present invention to be described for the domestic at present common Cultivar.
Wherein, Paeonia papaveracea used is following kind：' and silk ball for no reason ', ' sincerity ', ' desert wind ', ' handsome appearance ', ' slight snow × white
Chinese herbaceous peony ', ' slight snow ', ' preferable ', ' incense burner purple cigarette ', ' impartial and incorruptible ', ' powder hat ', ' big lobe is white ', ' gorgeous red ', ' sapphire blue ', ' powder
The beautiful towel of hairpin ', ' purple Hai Yinbo ', ' the flames of war rise all around ', ' blue sky flying crane ', color hat silver are emerald green ', ' beautiful three of powder ', ' powder is blue ', ' Herba Saussureae Involueratae ',
' Flos Chrysanthemi powder ' ' purple hat ', selected 23 kind branchs are healthy and strong, sprout is full enriches, and completely, well developed root system is no for bud differentiation
The plant of pest and disease damage.4～5 years raw graftings, branch is evenly distributed, at least more than 5 axillary bud branches, 5 poppyhead bud branches.23
Individual Cultivar is each to select 18 plants totally 414 plants.
In the present embodiment, regulation and control method is carried out using following steps：With above-mentioned 23 groups, every group 18 plants, totally 414 basin
Paeonia papaveracea is test group, using 3 kinds of different cultivation steps, as shown in table 1.
Group I：Late October Paeonia papaveracea start fallen leaves when lifting on basin, be positioned over low temperature greenhouse (10～20 DEG C of daytime,
5～10 DEG C of night), daily dusk light filling 3h, period sprays 300-800ppm gibberellins 3-4 time, enters back into high temperature temperature after 15 days
Room (19～25 DEG C of daytime, 6～10 DEG C of night, humidity 50%～70%, between illumination 18000～20000lux) is cultivated.
Group II：Basin on late October lifting, is positioned over Storage in cold bank 20 days, moves into low temperature greenhouse afterwards, daily benefit at dusk
Light 3h, period sprays gibberellins 3-4 time, enters back into high temperature greenhouse cultivation after 15 days.
Group III：Basin after early or mid November Paeonia papaveracea fallen leaves, on lifting before frozen soil, simply cold-proof, it is positioned over room
(now, Lanzhou nocturnal temperature at the beginning of 11 months reaches less than 0 DEG C, releases Paeonia papaveracea dormancy using outdoor natural low temperature, main outward
If in order to reduce experimental cost；Other areas are similar) enter high temperature greenhouse cultivation after 25-30 days.
Every group of every kind 6 basin of participating in the experiment, every group of totally 138 basin, three groups of totally 414 basins.
Table 1 different technologies measure flower forcing Contrast on effect table
Applicant has carefully followed the tracks of the whole process of experiment, and above-mentioned Paeonia papaveracea early October mid-June completes
Bud differentiation, basin on the lifting to 10 days about November frozen soil after bud differentiation is complete.A large amount of realities that applicant is carried out
Test summary display and kind is grown for cool region due to Paeonia papaveracea, need 360h could release Paeonia papaveracea dormancy.Paeonia suffruticosa
For long-day plant, early stage entrance greenhouse then needs light filling.
Group I test failure, 138 none strain of basin Paeonia papaveracea are bloomed.
Group II is all sprouted, but abortion rate reaches 43%, and Storage in cold bank increased flower forcing cost.
Group III successfully releases bud dormancy using cryogenic conditions, 23 kind germination rates 100%, flowering rate 95.5%,
Abortion rate 0.5%, the florescence control method of the display present invention is widely portable to the florescence control of various Paeonia papaveraceas.
Embodiment 2：Using 23 Cultivars of the raw grafting of 4-5, totally 230 basins (every kind 10 basin) are right as studying
As this flower forcing technique is verified in the forcing culture measure describing in application group III further.
After lifting, the time of upper basin, bud broke up completely in October, the numerous studies display Paeonia papaveracea that applicant is carried out
Required effective accumulated temperature of blooming is 640 DEG C about, 60～65 days liftings therefore before Target Flowering.Play 20 days about lands for growing field crops of before seedling
Water, select plant healthy and strong, that bud is full after November 10～15 all fallen leaves, frozen soil the last week lifting, carry soil ball
Go up basin (internal diameter is the basin of 35～50em) immediately it is ensured that capillary root is complete, prune plant type and retain effective bud.The ripe garden of cultivation matrix
Soil.Preferably substrate is formed by 2 parts of garden mould, 1 part of slag, 1 part of mixing of sawdust, suitable Paeonia papaveracea meat root growth.On
Root system vertical distribution in flowerpot is made uniformly, to be fully contacted with substrate, to root cutting back thick, hard, long individually during basin.After upper basin
Pour permeable immediately, be positioned over open-air atmosphere, flowerpot is carried out with simple cold-proof heat insulation process and (wraps up in straw screen or mat, plastics plastic sheeting as added
Deng).
According to spending the date to determine the time of breaking dormancy.Bloom as during requiring the Spring Festival, the breaking dormancy time need to be 12
Month early and middle ten dayses.Test shows：Under the conditions of nocturnal temperature is down to less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature, restrain the growth of seedlings 35～40 days, during its low temperature, number reaches
More than 360 hours, can fully release bud dormancy.
Moved into greenhouse of heating in December 10.Temperature should control in 19～25 DEG C of day temperature, 10～6 DEG C of night temperature, and illumination is
Between 18000～20000lux.Daily water spray 4 to 6 times on branch before sprouting, keep bud and branch to moisten, promote male
Red germination is neat.Keep basin soil humidity 70% about.Sprout to the vertical flower bud stage from bud, in order to ensure effective flower forcing, every basin
The carbamide of foliage-spray 0.3% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.After buddingging, only strengthen blade face water spray, water less in basin, in case leaf is on foot
Long, competition for nutrients, affect flower-shape.Paeonia papaveracea justifies the Fructus Persicae phase, and alabastrum diameter great majority are grown to 2.5 to 3 centimetres, now room temperature control
System is below 25 DEG C.After flat Fructus Persicae, noon suitably can add a cover shade net, promotes scape to extend, and blade becomes big, flower bud growth.
Cultivate as stated above, Paeonia suffruticosa enter the room after rudiment in about 10-15 days, alabastrum expands within 20 days about, 30 days about alabastrums
Existing color, opens at the beginning of 35～40 days, reaches flower forcing purpose.Different cultivars is developed, flowering time is variant, such as table 2.
The table 2 different Cultivar Spring Festival blooms situation
For trying 23 kind germination rates 100%, flowering rate 95.5%.General performance is good, and the fragrance of flowers is strong, and plant is tall and big,
Individual plants abortion only occurs.Have differences between as shown by data kind in table, small part kind needs number during longer low temperature
Breaking dormancy, as higher in abortion rate sapphire blue and and two kinds of silk ball for no reason.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：1) plant choosing
Select：To the bud potted flower phase after the Paeonia papaveracea florescence in spring, select perennial axillary seedling or grafting, selected Paeonia papaveracea Seedling
Before frozen soil after fallen leaves, basin on lifting, prune plant type and retain effective bud；2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings：Paeonia papaveracea Seedling mid-November
Water after upper basin, in outdoor less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, place at least 30 days, and reach 640 DEG C of minimum effective accumulated temperature,
Number 360h when low need are cold；3) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings moves into after terminating and heats hot-house culture to blooming, and wherein, greenhouse experiment is controlled to：Temperature
Subsist warm 19～25 DEG C, 10～6 DEG C of night temperature, between intensity of illumination 18000～20000lux, humidity 50%～70%.
2. florescence control method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the described Paeonia papaveracea Seedling of step (1) selects 3 years
The raw above Paeonia papaveracea axillary seedling of robust plant with more than 4 full buds or life in 4 years have above more than 6 full
The Paeonia papaveracea grafting of the robust plant of bud.
3. florescence control method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step (2) low temperature standing time is 35～40
My god.
4. florescence control method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that cultivation matrix used by the upper basin of step (1) be by
2 parts of volume garden mould, 1 part of slag, 1 part of mixing of sawdust form.
5. florescence control method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step (3) flower forcing processes beginning to rank of buddingging
Section, sprays water 4 to 6 times daily on branch to buddingging, keeps basin soil humidity.
6. florescence control method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step (3) flower forcing process mid-term is sprouted from bud
Move vertical flower bud stage, the carbamide of every basin foliage-spray 0.3% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
7. florescence control method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step (3) flower forcing process the flat Fructus Persicae phase, noon
Add a cover shade net.
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| CN102598984B (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2014-03-12 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Cultivation method for promoting pot-cultured tree peony to blossom on National Day |
| CN103518597A (en) * | 2012-07-01 | 2014-01-22 | 定西市丰源农业科技有限责任公司 | Paeonia rockii anti-season potting technique |
| CN103858688A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-06-18 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for promoting shallow-sleep peonies to bloom on New Year's Day |
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