CN104686138A - Pot-planting method for Ningxia wolfberry - Google Patents
Pot-planting method for Ningxia wolfberry Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686138A CN104686138A CN201510068015.6A CN201510068015A CN104686138A CN 104686138 A CN104686138 A CN 104686138A CN 201510068015 A CN201510068015 A CN 201510068015A CN 104686138 A CN104686138 A CN 104686138A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pot-planting method for wolfberry, in particular to a pot-planting method for Ningxia wolfberry. The pot-planting method comprises the following steps: selecting a variety; selecting a seedling; preparing a pot-planting medium; planting the seedling; performing cultivation and management; training and pruning; preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; selling in a market and the like; the pot-planting method further comprises the specific management methods of implementing fertilizer and water management measures, implementing a growth period pruning measure for delaying the fruiting period of budding seats, implementing an overwintering measure of a pot tree and the like. Through a wolfberry pot-planting technology provided by the invention, the fruiting period of the budding seats can be brought forward or delayed; in a facility cultivation environment in a northwest region, pot-planting wolfberry can be planted in late October; the fruit matures in mid-to-late February; the pot-planting wolfberry appears on the market 4 months earlier than outdoor wolfberry; the pot-planting wolfberry is planted in the beginning of May and the fruit matures in the end of October; the marketing period of fresh wolfberry is delayed to December. Through the wolfberry pot-planting technology, a wolfberry tree shape for ornamental and production can be cultured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine, particularly relate to a kind of method for potted of lycium barbarum, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Lycium barbarum is the famous and precious natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials of China, the unique medicinal lycium plant that China's pharmacopeia is recorded, lycium barbarum has more than 500 year artificial cultivation history, its fruit of Chinese wolfberry contains abundant sugar, carotin, multivitamin and the nutrient component such as calcium, iron, there is nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting shrewd head, the health care of the aspect such as clearing lung-heat is supporing yang, delay senility, by ancient Chinese medicine doctor and dietotherapy scholar are praised highly, " red treasured " great reputation that lycium barbarum is enjoyed great prestige as " integration of drinking and medicinal herbs " type high tonic, at home and abroad trading market day is favored.
Lycium barbarum is in traditional outdoor cropping mode, and at the Northwest's matrimony vine growing area, matrimony vine plant sprouts from the last ten-days period in April, and May branches out, and bears fruit by the end of June, grows and is continued until for 10 ends, and November is in hibernation at the beginning of 4 months to Second Year.In recent years along with people's health care consciousness improves constantly, day by day increase eating matrimony vine demand raw, and open country matrimony vine plant receives environmental condition restriction, the listing phase eating matrimony vine raw can only maintain about 1 month, is unfavorable for producing, and causes and eats the shortage of matrimony vine market raw.Lycium barbarum cultivation is based on traditional outdoor cropping, and the fructescence concentrates, and eats the matrimony vine listing phase raw short, can not reach year-round supply, can not meet and eat the matrimony vine market demand raw.
Potted lycium Chinese utilizes container to plant a kind of planting type of matrimony vine, its have occupation of land less, can put everywhere, conveniently moving, hide adverse circumstance, stunted tree body, be easy to moulding and be convenient to the advantages such as production and doubly popular to people.Potted lycium Chinese both also so that facility cultivation delays to eat matrimony vine shelf life raw, can beautify living environment as viewing and admiring potted landscape.
Patent application CN1247692A discloses " potted lycium Chinese and cultivation method thereof ", potted lycium Chinese comprise can depart from land for growing field crops survive for a long time in small flowerpot and have certain Potted Landscape Modelling matrimony vine tree, bed soil and basin, the cultivation method of above-mentioned potted lycium Chinese comprises the cultivation such as Fruit variety, field seedling raising cultivation, transplanting, potted landscape cultivation.Patent application CN1539259A discloses " a kind of method of sweet matrimony vine potted dwarf ", the method comprises seed selection: result became the fruit and seed set age more than 3 years, and branch cutting, annual 4-10 month or the fertilising, potted plant at the management of the diseases prevention worm of warm indoor raising of seedling, preparation matrix, nursery stage, nursery stage temp. and humidity, nursery stage: the management of dwarf treatment, potted landscape, achieves sweet matrimony vine seedling potted dwarf.
At present, comprise and be above-mentionedly set forth in interior matrimony vine pot culture technology and mostly apply mechanically outdoor planting technique, because potted lycium Chinese has its particularity in culture technique, body is more weak, poor growth, fruit are less, ornamental value fails to fully demonstrate to cause potted lycium Chinese to be set.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, to meet matrimony vine supply requirement in market, for the purpose of increasing economic efficiency, provides the matrimony vine method for potted that a kind of technology is easy, economical and practical.Meanwhile, because matrimony vine belongs to " indefinite inflorescence, continuous setting ", rich water quality management and tree-like cultivation must coordinate Chinese-wolfberry nutritive growth and reproductive growth, potted lycium Chinese technology emphasis is that duty is watered and watered less, often executes quick-acting fertilizer, stays fruit bearing shoot less, to erase other branch, remove sick branch, cutting back transitory branch; The present invention is also for potted lycium Chinese above-mentioned technical characterstic determination technical scheme.
Technical solution of the present invention provides the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine, comprises the steps:
(1) Fruit variety: be chosen to that principal stresses is strong, internode is short, self-compatible power is high, disease resistance is strong, large fruit, be suitable for the matrimony vine kind of potted plant environment;
(2) source of seedling: the cuttage seedling selecting cultivate last year or epicormic branch cuttage seedling;
(3) seedling is selected: select robust plant, seedling without damage by disease and insect, the thick 0.3 ~ 0.4cm of nursery stock base stem, plant height 30 ~ 40cm, more than nursery stock base stem 15 ~ 20cm section tool 2 ~ 3 side shoots, root system is intact;
(4) potting media preparation: potting media is generally made up of rural area surface layer soil (hereinafter referred to as field soil), decomposed manure and thin river sand, wherein, Tian Tuyu fertilizer is smashed respectively, after sieve (mesh size is no more than 10mm), and river sand mixes; Then can also add a certain amount of vermiculite, perlite and seedling medium (addition is no more than cumulative volume 1/3), increase matrix porosity and improve matrix fertility; Potting media concentration 0.1% carbendazim configured or 0.1% mancozeb solution evenly spray, and spend the night with plastic film seal, and take off film airing can fill basin to matrix is glutinous;
(5) planting seedlings: according to size and the seedling specification of container, carries out suitably pruning the field planting of rear dress basin to preprepared seedling;
(6) cultivation management: potted lycium Chinese after field planting, after temperature reaches 10 DEG C, plant starts rudiment and takes out slightly, and after temperature reaches 18 DEG C, plant starts to budding and blooms, and the optimum temperature of blooming is 20 ± 2 DEG C, and the preference temperature of fruit development is 22 ~ 26 DEG C; Lycium barbarum is strong positive seeds, and the suitable sunshine duration of illumination is 1500 ~ 1800h, and potted lycium Chinese General Requirements increases sunshine duration as far as possible under proper temperature prerequisite, is conducive to fruit Rapid development and fruit coloration;
(7) pruning;
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest;
(9) list marketing: fruit maturation gets final product list marketing.
Potted lycium Chinese should take warming measure to survive the winter at northern area, and potted lycium Chinese was imbedded underground by the basin tree survived the winter in general outdoor before soil is freeze-up, watered permeable; The basin tree survived the winter in basin will keep basin soil relative moisture to be 40 ~ 50%, and during Second Year early spring, basin tree easily rudiment in advance when indoor temperature is more than 18 DEG C, should set basin in time and move to outdoor.
Described in above-mentioned steps (4), the volume ratio of potting media is preferably field soil 60%, fertilizer 20%, thin river sand 20%;
Described in above-mentioned steps (4), decomposed manure is preferably decay sheep excrement, cow dung or chicken manure, most preferably is sheep excrement;
In above-mentioned steps (5) potted lycium Chinese at all seasons in all can carry out field planting, after northern area is with fall foliage or more suitable before rudiment in spring, namely from April November to next year, wherein, the characteristics such as field planting in 3 ~ April matrimony vine plant branches out soon, growth potential is strong, result morning.
Above-mentioned steps (6) cultivation management also comprises fertilizing management and management of watering, described fertilizing management distinguishes the following stage: to before buddingging after exhibition leaf, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, can spray 0.3% urea, every basin executes 6 ~ 10g at every turn, at interval of 5 ~ 7d/ time; Before buddingging and fruit expanding period based on nitrogen, phosphorus and K composite fertilizer, can blade spraying phosphoric acid diamines and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at interval of 5 ~ 7d/ time; Generally fertilising is not advised after Fruit; For improving flower bud differentiation rate, the borax soln of 2 ~ 3 times can be sprayed flowering stage at potted lycium Chinese; When there is blade chrysanthemum disease vegetative period, copperas solution can be sprayed at interval of 7 ~ 10d/ time, until leaf look turns green;
Spring, summer, management in autumn are distinguished in described management of watering, and water permeable after general field planting in spring, and before plant exhibition leaf, 2 ~ 4d waters 1 water, and irrigation amount maintains about 1.5kg, keeps relative moisture of the soil about 60%; Summer, growth was vigorous, and evaporation discharge is large, and every 3 ~ 5d waters 1 water, and irrigation amount is about 2kg, kept relative moisture of the soil about 70%; More in fruit expanding period water requirement, suitably shorten and water water spacer number of days; Suitably control water in the fall, in case excessive growth.
In above-mentioned steps (7), pruning comprises shaping and the pruning of potted lycium Chinese, described shaping is generally: generally after planting seedlings survives, top is cut at height of seedling 30cm ~ 50cm place, under clip within the scope of 10cm ~ 15cm, the healthy and strong primary tiller being grown on different directions of selecting and remain 3 ~ 4 is pinched in 15cm ~ 20cm place.Wiped out by the nursery stock base neck side shoot that upwards 20cm ~ 30cm (trunk is to branch band) sprouts, Secondary Branch 3 ~ 4 branch as a result of primary tiller cutting back institute pumping of selecting and remain, all the other fruit bearing shoot are all smeared and are got; Annual matrimony vine seedling potted lycium Chinese height 80 ~ 100cm, a hat 60 ~ 70cm is advisable.Certainly also and trim mode can be coordinated to adjust concrete shaping measure according to growing state.
Described pruning is divided into the budding period to prune, vegetative period prunes and dormant pruning: the budding period prunes and after plant rudiment, opens up leaf to young sprout start vegetative stage and carry out, cut off canopy branch by air-dry branch in winter, plant rhizome of erasing, trunk, Guan Ding sprout and the sprouting of pumping, spray; Grow to the fallen leaves stage at plant young sprout vegetative period to carry out, pruning is according to " wiping out water sprout, cutting back transitory branch, Secondary Branch of selecting and remain " principle, concrete grammar: wipe out all water sprout, transitory branch is cutting back after 15 ~ 20cm, 5 ~ 6 transitory branches of selecting and remain, and each transitory branch is selected and remain 2 ~ 3 Secondary Branchs, length is pinch after 30 ~ 40cm, all the other Secondary Branchs are all erased, and reasonably combined various branch quantity, to ensure tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition; Dormant pruning is by " cut, cut, stay " pruning technique, makes tree crown firmly compact, canopy ventilation and penetrating light, and branch is many and not close, and inside and outside result is normal.
In above-mentioned steps (8) extermination of disease and insect pest, comprise the prevention and controls of Wolfberry Aphid: at matrimony vine exhibition leaf, newly slightly use vegetative period 2.5% to flutter the 3500 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of lice aphid, the setting phase of blooming uses the 1200 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of 1.5% kushenin; Also comprise the prevention and controls of Paratrioza sinica: use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 500 times of liquid to spray or the 1200 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of 1.5% kushenin; Also comprise the prevention and controls of Aculops macyodnis Keifer: use sulphur colloidal suspension agent 600-800 times or the 3000-4000 times of liquid tree crown spraying control of 20% Altair wetting powder.
Beneficial effect:
By potted lycium Chinese technology of the present invention, can shift to an earlier date or extend the Chinese wolfberry fruit setting phase, greatly enhancing productivity and economic benefit.Under the facility cultivation environment of the Northwest, (1) potted lycium Chinese can in late October field planting, and the field planting initial stage suitably shades, and inspires and branches out; Mid or late November potted lycium Chinese immigration greenhouse; Budding mid-December and bloom, setting at the beginning of 1 month, mid or late Febuary fruit maturation, this potted lycium Chinese shifts to an earlier date listing in 4 months than open country matrimony vine; (2) potted lycium Chinese field planting at the beginning of 5 months, control measures (method is shown in embodiment) that 6 ~ July takes " vegetative period, the setting phase of buddingging was delayed in pruning ", at a time when this, northwest high temperature season, suitably shades, and reduces nutrient consumption in tree body, the tree old branch of body and sick branch is wiped out at the beginning of 8 months, the all branches of cutting back tree body, promote that transitory branch sprouts Secondary Branch, and improve fertilizer and moisture supply, mid or late September, potted lycium Chinese started setting, fruit maturation by the end of October; This potted lycium Chinese will eat raw matrimony vine listing the phase extend to December.
By potted lycium Chinese technology of the present invention, can cultivate that to view and admire the matrimony vine that to get both with production tree-like.For lycium barbarum have amount of growth large, send out the characteristic that principal stresses is strong and plasticity is strong, according to the hobby of individual, can be trimmed to vegetative period and have that to enrich imagination tree-like, meanwhile, take into account matrimony vine fruiting characteristic, suitably prune fruit bearing shoot off, keep good ventilation light transmission condition, in the fructescence, haw greenery, lovable, be that one has higher ornamental value potted landscape resource.
Embodiment
The inventive method is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention is method known in those skilled in the art.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, but not limits the scope of the invention, and the spirit and scope of the invention only limited by claims.To those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not deviating from essence of the present invention and scope, the various change carry out the material component in these embodiments and consumption or change also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method for potted of lycium barbarum is provided, comprises the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety: be chosen to that principal stresses is strong, internode is short, self-compatible power is high, disease resistance is strong, large fruit, be suitable for the matrimony vine kind of potted plant environment, select No. 1, peaceful Qi as cultivar in the present embodiment;
(2) source of seedling: the cuttage seedling selecting cultivate last year or epicormic branch cuttage seedling;
(3) seedling is selected: select robust plant, seedling without damage by disease and insect, the thick 0.3 ~ 0.4cm of nursery stock base stem, plant height 30 ~ 40cm, more than nursery stock base stem 15 ~ 20cm section tool 2 ~ 3 side shoots, root system is intact;
(4) potting media preparation: soil is that matrimony vine grows basis, matrimony vine belongs to soft fruits crop, in vine growth and development process, need large quantity of moisture and nutriment supply, the potting media of configuration should loosen, fertile, draining permeability good, has stronger water retention capacity.Potting media is by rural area surface layer soil, decomposed manure and thin river sand composition, its volume ratio is field soil 60%, fertilizer 20%, thin river sand 20%, decomposed manure selects sheep excrement, field soil and fertilizer are smashed respectively, sieve after (mesh size is no more than 10mm), mix in proportion with river sand, then the vermiculite being no more than cumulative volume 1/3 is added, (seedling medium is general commercial goods name for perlite and seedling medium, general classes all can), increase matrix porosity and improve matrix fertility, matrix concentration 0.1% carbendazim configured or 0.1% mancozeb solution evenly spray, and spend the night with plastic film seal, and take off film airing can fill basin to matrix is glutinous,
(5) selection of container: potted lycium Chinese is based on bulge, be conducive to root system to unfold to surrounding, the kind of basin often has earthen basin, porcelain basin, boccaro basin and plastic basin etc., basin size is determined according to tree body, within general 1 year, raw seedling selects interior bore to be 40 ~ 45cm, high 25 ~ 30cm is advisable, and along with plant strain growth and fruit yield increase, should strengthen the volume of basin year by year;
(6) planting seedlings: in the Northwest, potted lycium Chinese all can carry out field planting at all seasons, and is advisable with April November to next year.According to size and the seedling specification of container, preprepared seedling is suitably pruned.Field planting is carried out after new basin is soaked in water and dries, and the field planting again after must sterilizing of old basin.First, with newspaper by basin bottom outlet hole pad well, in basin load 1/3 matrix, seedling is placed in basin central authorities, trunk is perpendicular at the bottom of basin, surrounding puts into matrix, and upwards one is carried gently by seedling, and root system is unfolded completely, then limit edged shake basin, root system and soil are touched, matrix is added to apart from basin mouth 3 ~ 4cm, finally water sufficient water.If soil shrinkage after watering, exposes root system, earth mulch should be added and live root system.
(7) cultivation management: potted lycium Chinese after field planting, after temperature reaches 10 DEG C, plant starts rudiment and takes out slightly, and after temperature reaches 18 DEG C, plant starts to budding and blooms, and the optimum temperature of blooming is 20 ± 2 DEG C, and the preference temperature of fruit development is 22 ~ 26 DEG C; Lycium barbarum is strong positive seeds, and the suitable sunshine duration of illumination is in 1500 ~ 1800h, and potted lycium Chinese General Requirements increases sunshine duration as far as possible under proper temperature prerequisite, is conducive to fruit Rapid development and fruit coloration;
A, fertilizing management: potted lycium Chinese needs fertile kind different in growth and development process, rationally apply fertilizer.To before buddingging after exhibition leaf, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, spray 0.3% urea, every basin executes 6 ~ 10g at every turn, at interval of 5 ~ 7d/ time, can promote to nourish and grow, make young sprout sturdy, leaf dark green; Before buddingging and fruit expanding period based on nitrogen, phosphorus and K composite fertilizer, can blade spraying phosphoric acid diamines and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at interval of 5 ~ 7d/ time; Generally fertilising is not advised after Fruit.For improving flower bud differentiation rate, spray the borax soln of 2 ~ 3 times flowering stage at potted lycium Chinese.When there is blade chrysanthemum disease vegetative period, copperas solution can be sprayed at interval of 7 ~ 10d/ time, until leaf look turns green;
B, management of watering: potted lycium Chinese watering time and irrigation amount should be determined according to the water retention capacity of basin soil and ambient weather change.Water permeable after general field planting in spring, before plant exhibition leaf, 2 ~ 4d waters 1 water, and irrigation amount maintains about 1.5kg, keeps relative moisture of the soil about 60%; Summer, growth was vigorous, and evaporation discharge is large, and every 3 ~ 5d waters 1 water, and irrigation amount is about 2kg, kept relative moisture of the soil about 70%; More in fruit expanding period water requirement, suitably shorten and water water spacer number of days; Suitably control water in the fall, in case excessive growth.Watering time is generally selected in the fine day morning or carries out at dusk, notes basin draining, prevent basin internal cause ponding from causing rotten of plant to cause plant tree vigo(u)r weak or dead after watering;
(8) pruning:
Shaping: matrimony vine plant is how dry bush, and under natural conditions, sprout tillers is grown thickly, without tree-like, in plexi, can not form scientific and reasonable tree-like, does not utilize production management.According to feature and the breediness of selected matrimony vine self-sow, trunk, the major branch with obvious enabling capabilities be cultivated, in the tree crown of dungarunga shape.Generally after planting seedlings survives, top is cut at height of seedling 30cm ~ 50cm place, and under clip within the scope of 10cm ~ 15cm, the healthy and strong primary tiller being grown on different directions of selecting and remain 3 ~ 4 is pinched in 15cm ~ 20cm place.Wiped out by the nursery stock base neck side shoot that upwards 20cm ~ 30cm (trunk is to branch band) sprouts, Secondary Branch 3 ~ 4 branch as a result of primary tiller cutting back institute pumping of selecting and remain, all the other fruit bearing shoot are all smeared and are got.Annual matrimony vine seedling potted lycium Chinese height 80 ~ 100cm, hat 60 ~ 70cm;
Prune: be divided into the budding period to prune, vegetative period prunes and dormant pruning: the budding period prunes and after plant rudiment, opens up leaf to young sprout start vegetative stage and carry out, cut off canopy branch by air-dry branch in winter, plant rhizome of erasing, trunk, Guan Ding sprout and the sprouting of pumping, spray; Grow to the fallen leaves stage at plant young sprout vegetative period to carry out, pruning is according to " wiping out water sprout, cutting back transitory branch, Secondary Branch of selecting and remain " principle, concrete grammar: wipe out all water sprout, transitory branch is cutting back after 15 ~ 20cm, 5 ~ 6 transitory branches of selecting and remain, and each transitory branch is selected and remain 2 ~ 3 Secondary Branchs, length is pinch after 30 ~ 40cm, all the other Secondary Branchs are all erased, and reasonably combined various branch quantity, to ensure tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition; Dormant pruning is by " cut, cut, stay " pruning technique, makes tree crown firmly compact, canopy ventilation and penetrating light, and branch is many and not close, and inside and outside result is normal.
Potted lycium Chinese can delay by pruning vegetative period the setting phase of buddingging, its method is mainly: enter after vegetative period until matrimony vine, a small amount of water sprout is stayed to pinch after 35 ~ 50cm, water sprout sprouts Secondary Branch cutting back at below 15cm, part of selecting and remain transitory branch cutting back after 10 ~ 20cm, sprouts Secondary Branch by transitory branch and all wipes out; Suitably reduce potted lycium Chinese fertilizer and moisture supply simultaneously.To budding first 2 months of setting at potted lycium Chinese, improve fertilizer and moisture supply, wipe out the tree old branch of body and sick branch, the all branches of cutting back tree body, promote that transitory branch Secondary Branch is sprouted, according to tree body growing way, each transitory branch is selected and remain after 2 ~ 3 Secondary Branchs grow to 30 ~ 40cm and is pinched, and follow-up pruning management is with above-mentioned.
(9) sick elimanating pests and preventing disease: the Major Pests of potted lycium Chinese has Wolfberry Aphid, wood louse and goitre mite, the prevention and controls of Wolfberry Aphid, at matrimony vine exhibition leaf, newly slightly use vegetative period 2.5% to flutter the 3500 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of lice aphid, the setting phase of blooming uses the 1200 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of 1.5% kushenin; Paratrioza sinica prevention and controls, uses 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 500 times of liquid to spray or the 1200 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of 1.5% kushenin; Aculops macyodnis Keifer prevention and controls, uses sulphur colloidal suspension agent 600-800 times or the 3000-4000 times of liquid tree crown spraying control of 20% Altair wetting powder;
(10) basin tree survives the winter: potted lycium Chinese should take warming measure to survive the winter at northern area, and potted lycium Chinese was imbedded underground by the basin tree survived the winter in general outdoor before soil is freeze-up, watered permeable; The basin tree survived the winter in basin will keep basin soil relative moisture to be 40 ~ 50%, and during Second Year early spring, the easily rudiment in advance of the higher basin tree of indoor temperature, should set basin in time and move to outdoor;
(11) list marketing: fruit maturation gets final product list marketing.
Embodiment 2:
(1) cultivation method described in basic employing embodiment 1, observed and recorded different cultivars lycium barbarum pot growing, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: different cultivars lycium barbarum pot growing
From different cultivars lycium barbarum pot growing, No. 1, Ningxia and No. 7, peaceful Qi all show that survival rate is high, growth potential strong, the early flowering season early, characteristic that fruit bearing shoot is many, wherein, peaceful Qi No. 1 fruit size is medium, and quantity is more, and the setting phase is long; And though peaceful Qi No. 7 fruits are comparatively large, negligible amounts, setting phase are also shorter.Visible, No. 1, Ningxia is optimum potted lycium Chinese kind.
(2) cultivation method described in basic employing embodiment 1, the different potting media of observed and recorded is on the impact of peaceful Qi No. 1 growing state, and result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2: different potting media is on the impact of peaceful Qi No. 1 growing state
Comparatively speaking, the cultivation effect adopting matrix (4) to present is best.
(3) adopt No. 1, Ningxia matrimony vine kind, keep other cultivation conditions roughly the same, the impact that the different trimming measure of observed and recorded grows on lycium barbarum, result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3: different trimming measure is on No. 1 impact of growing of peaceful Qi
The maturing stage of general open country matrimony vine is June-October, reaches 4 months, adopts " autumn delays pruning method " potted lycium Chinese can extend 2 months maturing stages, to December than open country matrimony vine; Adopt " pruning method in early spring " potted lycium Chinese than 4 months open country ripen in advance phases, can going on the market around the Spring Festival.
Claims (8)
1. a method for potted for matrimony vine, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) Fruit variety: be chosen to that principal stresses is strong, internode is short, self-compatible power is high, disease resistance is strong, large fruit, be suitable for the matrimony vine kind of potted plant environment;
(2) source of seedling: the cuttage seedling selecting cultivate last year or epicormic branch cuttage seedling;
(3) seedling is selected: select robust plant, seedling without damage by disease and insect, the thick 0.3 ~ 0.4cm of nursery stock base stem, plant height 30 ~ 40cm, more than nursery stock base stem 15 ~ 20cm section tool 2 ~ 3 side shoots, root system is intact;
(4) potting media preparation: potting media is made up of rural area surface layer soil, decomposed manure and thin river sand, Tian Tuyu fertilizer is smashed respectively, sieve after, mix with river sand, evenly spray with concentration 0.1% carbendazim or 0.1% mancozeb solution, and spend the night with plastic film seal, and take off film airing can fill basin to matrix is glutinous;
(5) planting seedlings: according to size and the seedling specification of container, carries out suitably pruning the field planting of rear dress basin to preprepared seedling;
(6) cultivation management: the optimum temperature of blooming is 20 ± 2 DEG C, the preference temperature of fruit development is 22 ~ 26 DEG C, and the suitable sunshine duration of illumination is 1500 ~ 1800h, and potted lycium Chinese General Requirements increases sunshine duration as far as possible under proper temperature prerequisite;
(7) shaping, pruning: prune and be divided into budding period pruning, pruning in vegetative period and dormant pruning, budding period prunes and after plant rudiment, opens up leaf to young sprout start vegetative stage and carry out, cut off canopy branch by air-dry branch in winter, plant rhizome of erasing, trunk, Guan Ding sprout and the sprouting of pumping, spray; Grow to the fallen leaves stage at plant young sprout vegetative period to carry out, pruning is according to " wiping out water sprout, cutting back transitory branch, Secondary Branch of selecting and remain " principle; Dormant pruning is by " cut, cut, stay " pruning technique, makes tree crown firmly compact, canopy ventilation and penetrating light, and branch is many and not close, and inside and outside result is normal;
(8) extermination of disease and insect pest;
(9) list marketing: fruit maturation gets final product list marketing.
2. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume ratio of step (4) described potting media is field soil 60%, decomposed manure 20%, thin river sand 20%.
3. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described potting media adds vermiculite, perlite and seedling medium again on field soil, decomposed manure, thin river sand basis, and total addition of rear three is no more than 1/3 of potting media cumulative volume.
4. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (6) described cultivation management also comprises fertilizing management, described fertilizing management distinguishes the following stage: to before buddingging after exhibition leaf, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, spray 0.3% urea, every basin executes 6 ~ 10g at every turn, at interval of 5 ~ 7d/ time; Before buddingging and fruit expanding period based on nitrogen, phosphorus and K composite fertilizer, blade spraying phosphoric acid diamines and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at interval of 5 ~ 7d/ time; Generally fertilising is not advised after Fruit; For improving flower bud differentiation rate, spray the borax soln of 2 ~ 3 times flowering stage at potted lycium Chinese; When there is blade chrysanthemum disease vegetative period, spray copperas solution at interval of 7 ~ 10d/ time, until leaf look turns green.
5. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (6) described cultivation management also comprises management of watering, spring, summer, management in autumn are distinguished in described management of watering, water permeable after field planting in spring, before plant exhibition leaf, 2 ~ 4d waters 1 water, and irrigation amount maintains 1.5kg, keeps relative moisture of the soil 60%; Summer, every 3 ~ 5d watered 1 water, and irrigation amount is 2kg, kept relative moisture of the soil 70%; More in fruit expanding period water requirement, suitably shorten and water water spacer number of days; Suitably control water in the fall, in case excessive growth.
6. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step is shaped as described in (7): after planting seedlings survives, top is cut at height of seedling 30cm ~ 50cm place, under clip within the scope of 10cm ~ 15cm, the healthy and strong primary tiller being grown on different directions of selecting and remain 3 ~ 4 is pinched in 15cm ~ 20cm place; Wiped out by the nursery stock base neck side shoot that upwards 20cm ~ 30cm sprouts, Secondary Branch 3 ~ 4 branch as a result of primary tiller cutting back institute pumping of selecting and remain, all the other fruit bearing shoot are all smeared and are got; Annual matrimony vine seedling potted lycium Chinese height 80 ~ 100cm, hat 60 ~ 70cm.
7. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (7) described vegetative period is trimmed to: enter after vegetative period until matrimony vine, a small amount of water sprout is stayed to pinch after 35 ~ 50cm, water sprout sprouts Secondary Branch cutting back at below 15cm, part of selecting and remain transitory branch cutting back after 10 ~ 20cm, sprouts Secondary Branch by transitory branch and all wipes out; Suitably reduce potted lycium Chinese fertilizer and moisture supply simultaneously; To budding first 2 months of setting at potted lycium Chinese, improve fertilizer and moisture supply, wipe out the tree old branch of body and sick branch, the all branches of cutting back tree body, promote that transitory branch Secondary Branch is sprouted, according to tree body growing way, each transitory branch is selected and remain after 2 ~ 3 Secondary Branchs grow to 30 ~ 40cm and is pinched.
8. the method for potted of a kind of matrimony vine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (8) the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises the prevention and controls of Wolfberry Aphid: at matrimony vine exhibition leaf, newly slightly use vegetative period 2.5% to flutter the 3500 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of lice aphid, the setting phase of blooming uses the 1200 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of 1.5% kushenin; Also comprise the prevention and controls of Paratrioza sinica: use 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 500 times of liquid to spray or the 1200 times of liquid tree crown spraying controls of 1.5% kushenin; Also comprise the prevention and controls of Aculops macyodnis Keifer: use sulphur colloidal suspension agent 600-800 times or the 3000-4000 times of liquid tree crown spraying control of 20% Altair wetting powder.
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| CN107182484A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-22 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of vegetable potted method |
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| CN108834896A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-20 | 宁夏正杞红枸杞产业发展有限公司 | A kind of fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 |
| CN111903418A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-10 | 郭娜 | Transplanting method of medlar |
| CN112514727A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-19 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Coral cherry potting method for prolonging fruit period in winter |
| CN113728860A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof |
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| CN114158410A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-11 | 宁夏杞泰农业科技有限公司 | Refined production method of Chinese wolfberry |
| CN114600697A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-10 | 吴忠市红寺堡区百瑞源枸杞产业发展有限公司 | Fertilizing method for improving hardness of fresh wolfberry fruits |
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