CN104303935A - Method for cultivating leaf and fruit dual-purpose single-trunk wolfberry potted landscapes - Google Patents
Method for cultivating leaf and fruit dual-purpose single-trunk wolfberry potted landscapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303935A CN104303935A CN201410569008.XA CN201410569008A CN104303935A CN 104303935 A CN104303935 A CN 104303935A CN 201410569008 A CN201410569008 A CN 201410569008A CN 104303935 A CN104303935 A CN 104303935A
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- matrimony vine
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating leaf and fruit dual-purpose single-trunk wolfberry potted landscapes. The method includes steps of container selection, nutrient soil preparation, variety selection, plantation, temperature management, flower and fruit management technologies, pest control, pot pouring, harvesting, single-trunk tree shape cultivation and the like. The method has the advantages that problems of unobvious trunks of original wolfberry, large quantities of branches, short and small tree crowns, low effective light utilization rate, easiness in causing bare inner cavities, small fruits, low sugar content, requirement on bowing and even stooping operation during work, strenuosity and high labor and time consumption can be solved by the aid of tree shapes cultivated by the method; the thicknesses and the crown breadths of trunks of the cultivated tree shapes can be obviously increased, the trunks are upright, tall and straight, flowers and fruits are large, the sugar contents are high, and the labor intensity can be obviously relieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bonsai cultivation technology, relate to the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit specifically.
Background technology
Matrimony vine is Solanaceae Lycium multi-branched shrub plant.Have another name called the fruit of Chinese wolfberry, dog milk root etc.Compendium of Material Medica claim matrimony vine " sour jujube as the thorn of Chinese holly, stem as the bar of Qi, therefore hold concurrently name it ".Mainly be distributed in northern China each province, the provinces such as main product Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Hebei, Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai.Matrimony vine is rich in several amino acids and trace element, comprising: glutamic acid, asparatate, proline, arginine, the elements such as protein, vitamin C, vitamin E, and potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, selenium in addition, is a kind of well health food.Folium lycii, root, fruit all can be used as medicine, and time potted plant, old root also can be made into crab rooting potted landscape.Matrimony vine is a kind of plant with tough vitality and energy, is applicable to very much for dispelling fatigue.It can stimulate circulation, prevent arteriosclerosis, also can prevent hoarding of the interior fat of liver; Add various vitamins, essential amino acid and linolenic acid contained in matrimony vine comprehensively to operate, more can promote the metabolism in body, also can prevent aging.
Potted landscape is Yi Shu, stone, water, soil, basin alms bowl are basic material, is processed cleverly and layout by people, beautiful natural views is concentrated in a kind of plastic arts product between heart.China's potted landscape is with a long history, of long standing and well established, but true development is between more than 20 year of reform and opening-up, and progressively tends to diversification.Potted landscape of bearing fruit is by accessories such as result seeds and other mountain stones, and through art processing, rational deployment, concentrates in a kind of plastic arts in basin visually by the scenery of the Nature.Also be that potted plant gardening develops into certain phase, the product distilled as potted plant art and the ingenious combination of plastic arts.It not only possesses the feature of traditional potted landscape, more has the distinctive feature of himself, spring rich multicoloured decoration, autumn achieves great success, and can smell, and can appreciate, edible, has both the artistic characteristics of color, shape, is being subject to the favor of more and more people.The bear fruit plant of potted landscape of suitable for making has apple, pomegranate, grape, cherry, and mountain is planted, kumquat, Buddha's hand etc.
Authorization Notice No. is disclose in the patent of invention " a kind of method of sweet matrimony vine seedling potted dwarf " of CN1253073C to utilize pot culture technology to plant matrimony vine, plays precocity fruiting, stable, high yield, instant effect, and the effect being suitable for indoor plantation and viewing and admiring.Main feature downgrades, and do not mention tree-like cultivation, and Main Function, just for viewing and admiring and fruit picking, does not mention that leaf is used.Publication number is also disclose a kind of matrimony vine pot culture technology in the patent of invention " potted lycium Chinese and cultivation method " of CN1247692A, the characteristic of matrimony vine shrub has mainly been deferred in the cultivation of its moulding, utilize the tree body branch of this type of moulding many, tree crown is short and small, effective light utilization efficiency is low, easily causes interior thorax baldness.Fruit is little, and sugar content is low.Need during work to bow even stoop labor, effort, time-consuming, take a lot of work.
Summary of the invention
For current Problems existing, the invention provides the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit, utilize method for potted, the matrimony vine of shrub type is trained single trunk, overcome original matrimony vine trunk not obvious, branch is many, tree crown is short and small, and effective light utilization efficiency is low, easily causes interior thorax baldness, fruit is little, sugar content is low, needs to bow even stoop labor during work, effort, time-consuming, the problem of taking a lot of work.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A breeding method for the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of leaf fruit, it comprises:
(1) selection of container
Container is potter's clay basin, non-woven fabrics or plastic flowerpot, and containers size comprises (40cm × 40cm), little (30cm × 30cm) two kinds greatly according to basal diameter × height; According to the difference of kind and the growth of cereal crop seedlings, select not isometric container.To sterilize through sulfur fumigation before selected container uses.
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil
Boxthorn root hair is few, shallow root, root mass be distributed in thin solum, be applicable to being grown on soil salt content lower than 0.2%, the soil of pH value 7.5 ~ 8 good permeability.
Nutrition Soil composition is reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and configure different ratio Nutrition Soil according to different volume ratios, its proportioning is 1:1:1:1:1:1:1-3:1, comprising:
A1-reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 mixing by volume;
A2-reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, 1:1:1:1:1:2:1:1 mixing by volume;
A3-reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, 1:1:1:1:1:3:1:1 mixing by volume;
Above component requirements, without pathogen, sieves soil block, foreign material removing.The Nutrition Soil plastic film configured covers parcel, is exposed to the sun and sterilizes for 7 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia and insect ovum, insect, nematode.Porosity is about 60-65%.
(3) selection of kind
Selection tree vigo(u)r is medium, and disease resistance is strong, best in quality, and leaf fruit is dual-purpose, adapts to potted plant kind, as: peaceful No. 1, Qi, spire matrimony vine etc.
(4) plant
Selection root system is complete, robust growth, the virus-free seedling of the limb golden mean of the Confucian school, and Nutrition Soil is filled to 2/3 of vessel volume; put into seedling, with hand, root is made in order according to trend, refill soil to 3/3 of container; to note protecting seedling during dress soil, bury and spray a water afterwards, soil and root are touched.Teeming in second day once.After field planting, overground part stays 10-15cm cutting back, to reduce evaporating surface and to stimulate branch bottom to send healthy and strong young sprout.
(5) temperature treatment
Daytime temperature generally should remain on l5-20 DEG C, and night is not less than l0 DEG C, aeration-cooling in time more than 25 DEG C.
(6) flower and fruit management technology
Post flowering, carry out flower thinning, dredge go overstocked, excessively soft, position is bad, have the flower of disease.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest
Black fruit causes harm spray, leaf, flower bud, flower, Chinese olive etc.Start mid-May phase to early June.Prevention and controls: 1. in conjunction with beta pruning in winter, the black fruit on clear Chen Shu, sick branch and fallen leaves shedding are burnt or buried; 2. period of disease spray 1:1:120 times of bordeaux mixture or 5% polyoxin or 3% kasugarnycin, 600 times of liquid, every about 7d spray 1 time, are used alternatingly, continuous 3-4 time.
Powdery mildew causes harm blade, generally occurs in rainy season.Prevention and controls: 1. 45% sulphur colloidal suspension agent 200-300 times of liquid spraying, every mu of consumption 30-35ml; 2. 5% polyoxin or times liquid spraying of 3% kasugarnycin, 600 times of liquid, every spray in 10 days 1 time, be used alternatingly, continuous 2-3 time.
Insect pest mainly contains scotellaris, trypetid, aphid etc., and cause harm blade and fruit, 4-9 is monthly to be occurred.Prevention and controls: 1. extract wormed fruit at any time, concentrates and buries; 2. the 7-8 month is with 3.4% kushenin 800-1200 times liquid or 1.8% Avermectin, 3000 times of liquid, every 10d1 time, continuous 3-4 time.
(8) fall basin
Every 4-5 needs down basin, selects to be suitable for the container setting body, changes Nutrition Soil.
(9) gather
When leaf grows to height of seedling 40cm with matrimony vine, just can gather first, the tender tip on stem top is plucked, and side shoot is sprouted in favourable promotion.Fruit bears fruit with matrimony vine in September, the 2nd, sustainable harvesting 4 months, later annual timely collecting.
(10) the tree-like cultivation of single trunk
When growing into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 strong bud of selecting and remain during the rudiment of spring in the coming year is trained trunk, remove other rudiment, surely do when trunk grows to 0.6m height, dredge the side shoot removing below 0.4m, retain top side shoot, then cultivate through 2-3, obtain the tree-like of single trunk; Adopt leaf, the isosceles triangle of Shuangzi, butterfly shape or interwined dragon shape to carry out shaping, obtain, isosceles triangle leaf based on the Shuangzi of single trunk, butterfly shape or interwined dragon shape tree-like.
1. Shuangzi is leaf: the two subtend shoots selecting trunk to sprout are trained major branch, and other branches of base portion all remove, and major branch is different because of kind carries out pinching, and general height, at 20-40cm, makes great efforts to cultivate the side shoot on major branch.Make the distribution of the side shoot on major branch petition lobate.During winter pruning, major branch top cutting back, removed thick, meticulous, sick and weak, withered side shoot, other side shoots are substantially motionless.The annual same First Year of trim mode later.If after the several years, Growth status is too high, and have passed through the optimum phase, again can cultivate major branch from base portion.If old major branch is wanted to retain a few annual bearing, available No. 14 iron wires are tightened from root, or cut wound with scissors, stay 1/2 of rugosity, and cut rear timely gluing, a few Nian Houke removes gradually.
2. isosceles triangle: substantially 1. similar, difference is to select three shoots of the equal growing way of robust growth on trunk to be trained major branch, and between adjacent two major branches, angle is 120 °.
3. butterfly shape: substantially 1. similar, difference is to select four shoots of the equal growing way of robust growth on trunk to be trained major branch, and between adjacent two major branches, angle is 90 °.
4. interwined dragon shape: after seedling planting, inserts four bamboo poles, 90 ° one in container, and along with increasing of nursery stock, the 2-4 root shoot of the robust growth that root of selecting and remain is sprouted weaves into a trunk, is around on bamboo pole, notices that colligation is fixed by timely for trunk parabolically shape.Pinching when whole height reaches 60cm.Cultivate the branch of trunk middle and upper part sprouting as major branch.Pinching when major branch 20cm is long, cultivates the side shoot on major branch, and the side shoot quantity on each major branch is 2-3.During winter pruning, major branch stays 10cm length to cut.Annual pruning later, major branch all stays major branch to stay 10cm length to cut.Again trunk and major branch is upgraded from root after 5-6.
The present invention is contrasted its container and culture matrix by following experiment, selects the scheme of the best of the present invention.
Test example 1
Choose potter's clay basin, non-woven bag, container that plastic flowerpot 3 kinds of identical materials of volume are different, to plant nursery stock in ground, garden for contrast.For ease of experiment, plant all adopts biennial seedling list trunk tree-like.Miao Gangao, leading thread, Root Distribution situation (table 1) is measured in December, 2013.
From routine, pottery pot moisture capacity is the poorest, is secondly non-woven bag, potter's clay basin.Resin flower bowl and plastic flowerpot moisture capacity best, but easily there is the phenomenon of macerating root.Non-woven fabrics and potter's clay basin moisture capacity moderate, but non-woven bag bag is through summer high temperature, perishable, and unsightly, waters and easily leak.
As shown in Table 1, just dry Gao Eryan, ground, garden is the highest, is secondly non-woven bag, plastic flowerpot.With regard to leading thread, non-woven bag is the thickest, and secondly ground, garden the second be potter's clay basin, plastic flowerpot.With regard to the distribution of root, the thick root on ground, garden is maximum, and potter's clay basin radicula is maximum.
Visible, manage and protect the factor analyses such as intensity from sight, the cost of container, practicality and nursery stock, select potter's clay basin to cultivate matrimony vine potted landscape effect best.
Table 1 unlike material chamber test seedling growth situation compares
Test example 2
Adopt the container of same size and material, utilize the Nutrition Soil of 3 kinds of different ratio to cultivate potted landscape.Dry high, dry thick, the Root Distribution situation (table 2) of finished product seedling is measured in December, 2013.Take garden mould as contrast.
Different ratio Nutrition Soil,
A1-reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 mixing by volume;
A2-reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, 1:1:1:1:1:2:1:1 mixing by volume;
A3-reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, 1:1:1:1:1:3:1:1 mixing by volume;
Table 2 different ratio Nutrition Soil test nursery stock growing state compares
From table 2, A2 is dry high, dry thick apparently higher than other, and the ratio of fibrous root is high, rare thick root.
So, A2: reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed, Nutrition Soil moisture capacity, the gas permeability of 1:1:1:1:1:2:1:1 mixing are by volume all comparatively moderate, and the nursery stock of cultivation is all optimum in dry height, dry thick, Root Distribution.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention creatively sums up a kind of breeding method of organic matrimony vine potted landscape, and concrete advantage is as follows:
1, the equal tool ornamental value of potted landscape of the present invention, flower and fruit.Container has mobility flexibly, and the garden of family, balcony, roof all can be cultivated, and do not limit by place.
2, the picking period of the present invention is long, and fruit is the longest reaches more than 4 months, leaf and the young tip is the longest reaches more than 6 months.
3, set body in container, growth is subject to certain suppression, and flower bud differentiation rate, fruit-setting rate, fruit pol, fruit anthocyanidin content, fruit yield significantly improve, and economize fertile, water-saving, fruit quality is higher.
4, potted plant to it Nutrition Soil screens, and has selected best potting nutritional soil, and matrimony vine growth is more vigorous.
5, the matrimony vine of shrub type is trained single trunk, overcome original matrimony vine trunk not obvious, branch is many, tree crown is short and small, effective light utilization efficiency is low, easily causes interior thorax baldness, and fruit is little, sugar content is low, needs to bow even stoop labor during work, effort, time-consuming, the problem of taking a lot of work.The tree-like trunk rugosity of cultivating and hat width obviously increase, and trunk is uprightly tall and straight, and flowers and fruits are comparatively large, and sugar content is high, and labour intensity obviously alleviates.
6, on the basis of single trunk, adopt leaf, the isosceles triangle of Shuangzi, butterfly shape, interwined dragon shape etc. to carry out shaping, add sight.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiments of the invention 1: the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit, it comprises:
Selected kind is: peaceful No. 1, Qi
(1) selection of container
Container is potter's clay basin, comprises (40cm × 40cm), little (30cm × 30cm) two kinds greatly according to basal diameter × height; To sterilize through sulfur fumigation before selected container uses.
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil
Nutrition Soil composition is reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 mixes by volume; Above component requirements, without pathogen, sieves soil block, foreign material removing.The Nutrition Soil plastic film configured covers parcel, is exposed to the sun and sterilizes for 7 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia and insect ovum, insect, nematode.Porosity is about 60-65%.
(3) plant
Selection root system is complete, robust growth, the virus-free seedling of the limb golden mean of the Confucian school, and Nutrition Soil is filled to 2/3 of vessel volume; put into seedling, with hand, root is made in order according to trend, refill soil to 3/3 of container; to note protecting seedling during dress soil, bury and spray a water afterwards, soil and root are touched.Teeming in second day once.After field planting, overground part stays 10-15cm cutting back, to reduce evaporating surface and to stimulate branch bottom to send healthy and strong young sprout.
(4) temperature treatment
Daytime temperature remains on l5-20 DEG C, and night is not less than l0 DEG C, aeration-cooling in time more than 25 DEG C.
(5) flower and fruit management technology
Post flowering, carry out flower thinning, dredge go overstocked, excessively soft, position is bad, have the flower of disease.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest
Black fruit causes harm spray, leaf, flower bud, flower, Chinese olive etc.Start mid-May phase to early June.Prevention and controls: 1. in conjunction with beta pruning in winter, the black fruit on clear Chen Shu, sick branch and fallen leaves shedding are burnt or buried; 2. period of disease spray 1:1:120 times of bordeaux mixture or 5% polyoxin or 3% kasugarnycin, 600 times of liquid, every about 7d spray 1 time, are used alternatingly, continuous 3-4 time.
Powdery mildew causes harm blade, generally occurs in rainy season.Prevention and controls: 1. 45% sulphur colloidal suspension agent 200-300 times of liquid spraying, every mu of consumption 30-35ml; 2. 5% polyoxin or times liquid spraying of 3% kasugarnycin, 600 times of liquid, every spray in 10 days 1 time, be used alternatingly, continuous 2-3 time.
Insect pest mainly contains scotellaris, trypetid, aphid etc., and cause harm blade and fruit, 4-9 is monthly to be occurred.Prevention and controls: 1. extract wormed fruit at any time, concentrates and buries; 2. the 7-8 month is with 3.4% kushenin 800-1200 times liquid or 1.8% Avermectin, 3000 times of liquid, every 10d1 time, continuous 3-4 time.
(7) fall basin
Within 5th year, basin is fallen once to it, the potter's clay basin more renewed and culture matrix.
(8) gather
2nd year spring, when leaf grows to height of seedling 30cm with matrimony vine, just can gather first, all gathered every year later, and fruit bears fruit with matrimony vine in September, the 2nd, carries out timely collecting to it.
(9) the tree-like cultivation of single trunk
When growing into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 strong bud of selecting and remain during the rudiment of spring in the coming year is trained trunk, remove other rudiment, surely do when trunk grows to 0.6m height, dredge the side shoot removing below 0.4m, retain top side shoot, then cultivate through 2-3, obtain the tree-like of single trunk;
Adopt that Shuangzi is leaf carries out overall shaping to tree: the two subtend shoots selecting trunk to sprout are trained major branch, and other branches of base portion all remove, and major branch is different because of kind carries out pinching, and height, at 20-40cm, makes great efforts to cultivate the side shoot on major branch.Make the distribution of the side shoot on major branch petition lobate.During winter pruning, major branch top cutting back, removed thick, meticulous, sick and weak, withered side shoot, other side shoots are substantially motionless.The annual same First Year of trim mode later.The Shuangzi obtaining single trunk after 4 years is leaf tree-like.
Embodiments of the invention 2: the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit, specific as follows:
Selected kind is: spire matrimony vine
(1) selection of container
Container is pottery pot, comprises (40cm × 40cm), little (30cm × 30cm) two kinds greatly according to basal diameter × height; To sterilize through sulfur fumigation before selected container uses.
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil
Nutrition Soil composition is reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and 1:1:1:1:1:2:1:1 mixes by volume; Above component requirements, without pathogen, sieves soil block, foreign material removing.The Nutrition Soil plastic film configured covers parcel, is exposed to the sun and sterilizes for 7 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia and insect ovum, insect, nematode.Porosity is about 60-65%.
Step (3)-(8) are with embodiment 1.
(9) the tree-like cultivation of single trunk
When growing into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 strong bud of selecting and remain during the rudiment of spring in the coming year is trained trunk, remove other rudiment, surely do when trunk grows to 0.6m height, dredge the side shoot removing below 0.4m, retain top side shoot, then cultivate through 2-3, obtain the tree-like of single trunk;
Adopt isosceles triangle to carry out overall shaping to tree: substantially similar Shuangzi is leaf, difference is to select three shoots of the equal growing way of robust growth on trunk to be trained major branch, and between adjacent two major branches, angle is 120 °.
The isosceles triangle obtaining single trunk after 3 years is tree-like.
Embodiments of the invention 3: the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit, specific as follows:
Selected kind is: peaceful No. 1, Qi
(1) selection of container
Container is plastic basin, and specification comprises (40cm × 40cm), little (30cm × 30cm) two kinds greatly according to basal diameter × height; To sterilize through sulfur fumigation before selected container uses.
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil
Nutrition Soil composition is reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and 1:1:1:1:1:3:1:1 mixes by volume; Above component requirements, without pathogen, sieves soil block, foreign material removing.The Nutrition Soil plastic film configured covers parcel, is exposed to the sun and sterilizes for 7 days, can kill a large amount of germ spore, mycelia and insect ovum, insect, nematode.Porosity is about 60-65%.
Step (3)-(8) are with embodiment 1.
(9) the tree-like cultivation of single trunk
When growing into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 strong bud of selecting and remain during the rudiment of spring in the coming year is trained trunk, remove other rudiment, surely do when trunk grows to 0.6m height, dredge the side shoot removing below 0.4m, retain top side shoot, then cultivate through 2-3, obtain the tree-like of single trunk;
Adopt butterfly shape to carry out overall shaping to tree: substantially similar Shuangzi is leaf, difference is to select four shoots of the equal growing way of robust growth on trunk to be trained major branch, and between adjacent two major branches, angle is 90 °.
The butterfly shape obtaining single trunk after 3 years is tree-like.
Embodiments of the invention 4: the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit, specific as follows:
Selected kind is: spire matrimony vine
Step (1)-(8) are with embodiment 1.
(9) the tree-like cultivation of single trunk
When growing into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 strong bud of selecting and remain during the rudiment of spring in the coming year is trained trunk, remove other rudiment, surely do when trunk grows to 0.6m height, dredge the side shoot removing below 0.4m, retain top side shoot, then cultivate through 2-3, obtain the tree-like of single trunk;
Adopt interwined dragon shape to carry out overall shaping to tree: after seedling planting, in container, insert four bamboo poles, 90 ° one, along with increasing of nursery stock, the 2-4 root shoot of the robust growth that root of selecting and remain is sprouted weaves into a trunk, is around on bamboo pole, notices that colligation is fixed by timely for trunk parabolically shape.Pinching when whole height reaches 60cm.Cultivate the branch of trunk middle and upper part sprouting as major branch.Pinching when major branch 20cm is long, cultivates the side shoot on major branch, and the side shoot quantity on each major branch is 2-3.During winter pruning, major branch stays 10cm length to cut.Annual pruning later, major branch all stays major branch to stay 10cm length to cut.Again trunk and major branch is upgraded from root after 5-6.The interwined dragon shape obtaining single trunk after 4 years is tree-like.
Claims (3)
1. a breeding method for the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of leaf fruit, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) selection of container
Container is potter's clay basin, non-woven fabrics or plastic flowerpot, and containers size comprises large and small two kinds according to basal diameter × height, and selected container will be sterilized through sulfur fumigation before using;
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil
Nutrition Soil composition is reed end matrix, bacterium mushroom slag, vinegar grain, rice chaff, vermiculite, yellow sand, garden mould, the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, mix according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1-3:1, above component requirements is without pathogen, sieve soil block, foreign material removing, the Nutrition Soil plastic film configured covers parcel, is exposed to the sun and sterilizes for 7 days;
(3) selection of kind
Selection tree vigo(u)r is medium, and disease resistance is strong, best in quality, and leaf fruit is dual-purpose, adapts to potted plant kind;
(4) plant
Selection root system is complete, robust growth, the virus-free seedling of the limb golden mean of the Confucian school, Nutrition Soil is filled to 2/3 of vessel volume, put into seedling, with hand, root is made in order according to trend, refill soil to 3/3 of container, note protecting seedling during dress soil, bury and spray a water afterwards, soil and root are touched, and once, after field planting, overground part stays 10-15cm cutting back in teeming in second day;
(5) temperature treatment
Daytime temperature generally should remain on l5-20 DEG C, and night is not less than l0 DEG C, aeration-cooling in time more than 25 DEG C;
(6) the tree-like cultivation of single trunk
When growing into winter pruning in the 2nd year, by seedling level land cutting strunk, 1 strong bud of selecting and remain during the rudiment of spring in the coming year is trained trunk, removes other rudiment, surely does when trunk grows to 0.6m height, dredges the side shoot removing below 0.4m, retains top side shoot, obtains the tree-like of single trunk;
Obtain single trunk substantially tree-like after, isosceles triangle leaf in conjunction with Shuangzi, butterfly shape or interwined dragon shape carry out shaping, then through 2-3, obtain, isosceles triangle leaf based on the Shuangzi of single trunk, butterfly shape or interwined dragon shape tree-like.
2. the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in tree-like cultivating process, also comprise and gathering: when leaf grows to height of seedling 40cm with matrimony vine, just can gather first; Fruit bears fruit with matrimony vine in September, the 2nd, sustainable harvesting 4 months, later annual timely collecting.
3. the breeding method of the dual-purpose single trunk shape matrimony vine potted landscape of a kind of leaf fruit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described containers size is specific as follows, large: 40cm × 40cm, little: 30cm × 30cm.
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