CN100431404C - Method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for regulating and controlling the blooming period of spring dendrobium includes such steps as controlling nutrient supply by reasonably applying fertilizer, regulating moisture, controlling temp, controlling illuminance, and applying growth regulating agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem.
Background technology
The spring stem of noble dendrobium is the another cattleya new product that occurs behind cattleya relaying Moth orchid and the hybrid cymbidium as pot flowers.Have higher ornamental value, viewing period is longer.Therefore, on the flower market before the Spring Festival, the spring stem of noble dendrobium has become the outstanding person in the cattleya.The spring dendrobium is in flowering stage, and anti-low temperature ability is strong especially, likes illumination, drying.Because its pattern is gorgeous, suitable potted plant, good by a lot of enterprises.Think that it is after Moth orchid, hybrid cymbidium, most promising cattleya commercial variety.
The spring stem of noble dendrobium is a orchid family Dendrobium plant, perennial evergreen or the fallen leaves draft of growing nonparasitically upon another plant, and stem is called pseudobulb, and meat is the ring shape.Stem length does not coexist about 25～90cm according to kind, long 2～5cm between stipes, and the stipes middle part is sturdy, mainly stores moisture and nutrient.The leaf alternate, 2～5 of racemes are formed by the axillalry bud of every joint.Spend big and gorgeous, flower diameter 6～10cm, the florescence reaches 1～2 month.The sprouting that sprouts from the Winter-Spring grows to the time of the year when autumn changes into winter and stops gradually, leaf occurs stopping.Can sprout 1～4 sprouting at basal part of stem and become new stem of future generation.And old stem (no matter height) after experiencing low temperature, except that 2～4 buds of base portion, the internode axillalry bud that expand on top all may develop into bud or become high-order bud.
Spring stem of noble dendrobium flower bud differentiation requires low temperature below 13 ℃, and is lower than Moth orchid, China's summer, autumn the high temperature area be difficult to reach.Must utilize the above high mountain of height above sea level 800m just can accomplish under the natural conditions.Secondly, after the spring stem of noble dendrobium flower bud differentiation, meet that " bud reverses " phenomenon very easily takes place high temperature more than 25 ℃, and become leaf bud, difficult grasp in producing cultivation.
Spring stem of noble dendrobium industry is comparatively ripe in Japan development, and China is in the period of nearest 5～6, and kind is introduced and the dynamics of development increases year by year.Though big market and profit margin are arranged, also there is bigger difficult point, mainly be that control flower technology is difficult.Present many companies are all at the operation dendrobium, but the production technology of the stem of noble dendrobium is very low, have the technical threshold of cultivation and flower forcing simultaneously, cause the stem of noble dendrobium end product quality that forms poor, can't go on the market at all.Technology then is not improved always, and we is carried out blockade on new techniques abroad.For various reasons, each big orchid production enterprise of China never takes out high-quality spring stem of noble dendrobium product in batches so far, and more enterprise then is in the state of looking around.At present, China has had flowers company to go into operation in a large number, but because the flower forcing technology does not pass a test, the phenomenon that bloom in advance, lags behind has generation more.Technology does not pass a test simultaneously, and the flower quality descends after the flower forcing, causes the florescence to shorten.So how to solve the flower forcing problem, improve the quality of the stem of noble dendrobium, be during the current industry of flowers and plants and stem of noble dendrobium batch potted flower produces, to be badly in need of the problem of noting and solving.
General preceding 2 months at the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium, stop using rich water, use low temperature to handle the pseudobulb of the spring stem of noble dendrobium.Do not use growth regulator or single GA3 of use to handle, when early stage, culture technique was good, the flower forcing effect was better relatively.But exist the florescence not concentrate all the time, the substandard products ratio is higher, causes selling flower and does not make a profit.GA3 is only to shift to an earlier date several days florescence, for the contribution that increases bud quantity and little.
Simultaneously, existing technology is the adjusting by culture technique and environmental condition, carries out florescence control.At night, the spring stem of noble dendrobium is in the low temperature environment, the temperature that raises daytime, and the temperature difference of carrying out continuously 1～2 month is handled, and auxiliary simultaneously rich water is stopped using fertilizer, and minimizing is watered, and increases illumination, improves illumination to 4 ten thousand～80,000 lux, increases the rugosity of stem of noble dendrobium pseudobulb.Promote the differentiation of bud.
Present existing technology is to utilize environmental condition to carry out florescence control merely.Also have many culture techniques not pass a test, quite short and thin and delicate stem occurs, be unfavorable for the formation of bud equally.Also adopted gibberellin to handle, but the result is undesirable.The plant fallen leaves that obtain shift to an earlier date, excessive growth, and perhaps the bud quality of Xing Chenging is not high.The temperature of flower forcing is controlled at about 13 ℃, but the time of flower forcing and the control of low temperature treatment time are not in place.The cooperation of water, fertilizer, matrix is also bad.It is bad to cause nourishing and growing, and has influenced the reproductive growth in later stage, and it is improper florescence control to occur.Under this technology, the florescence is irregular, and it is inconsistent that same strain saves a flowering time up and down, zero scattered the loosing of blooming, and appreciation effect is poor.Form short, thin and delicate stem, be unfavorable for the formation of bud equally.Also adopted gibberellin to handle, but the result is undesirable, the plant of acquisition is fallen leaves in advance, excessive growth, and the bud quality of formation is not high.
Generally speaking, prior art has following shortcoming:
The different joint of the pseudobulb of same strain spring stem of noble dendrobium interdigit is bloomed inconsistent, sporadicly blooms at winter-spring season;
Blooming between different strains has successively, can't bloom simultaneously, can not the scale listing.
During the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, can accurately not carry out timing supply the Spring Festival flowers market.Usually lag behind, can't sell.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides and a kind ofly can solve the inconsistent key problem of blooming period of spring dendrobium stem, and the different joint position bud of same strain is sprouted simultaneously, and is open simultaneously; The pseudobulb of homophyletic is not bloomed simultaneously, realizes the method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem of scale listing.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem, it comprises nutritional control measures of fertilizer, moisture regulation measure, temperature control measure, illumination control measure, growth regulator usage measure, its concrete processing method is:
(1) at vegetative growth phase: executed average fertilizer in every month by the end of August 2～3 times from the first arrival in March, each fertilising concentration is 1000 times, and (the EC value is 2～2.3, PH5.5～6.5), the fertilizing amount of single basin is 0.1g/ time, the N of fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20, the moisture regulation measure is to use water one time in per 5 days, and temperature and illumination control measure remain on 18～28 ℃ for temperature the best, and the intensity of illumination remains on 50,000 to 80,000 lux;
(2) short flower bud differentiation and florescence control stage: after the spring stem of noble dendrobium occurs stopping leaf, keep 8-13 ℃ night temperature 25～60 days; When spring stem of noble dendrobium bud each axil from plant begins to expand, watered water one time in 7～10 days, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn; The N of fertilizer: P: K=10: 30: 20, apply fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, concentration is 1000 times, contains the high phosphate fertilizer of 0.1g;
(3) flowering phase: when bud is elongated to 1cm, the flower forcing of heating, temperature is 18～25 ℃, and weaken intensity of illumination this moment, and intensity of illumination is 3～50,000 lux, and the time length that keeps this temperature and illumination was 4～6 weeks; Watered water one time in 7～10 days simultaneously, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, and water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn, applies fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, and concentration is 1000 times, uses the N of average fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20;
At the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium preceding 2 months, adopt growth regulator to carry out root irrigation; During from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days, adopt growth regulator to carry out root irrigation.
At the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium preceding 2 months, adopt a kind of growth regulator 6-BA to carry out root irrigation; During from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days adopt another kind of growth regulator to carry out root irrigation.
Described regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem technology, at the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium preceding 2 months, carry out root irrigation, the growth regulator of employing can be 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA).
Described regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem technology is carried out the 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) that root irrigation adopted, and working concentration can be 6-BA100～200ppm, and every strain can be adopted the dosage of 100～150ml.
Described regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem technology is carried out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) that root irrigation adopts, and when the stem flower bud differentiation was good, the stem rugosity was thicker, the color and luster jaundice, and at this moment working concentration can be 100ppm.Stem is thin, during the color and luster pale green, maturity is poor, flower bud differentiation is poor, working concentration can be 200ppm.
Described regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem technology, during from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days are carried out the growth regulator that root irrigation adopted and can be gibberellin (GA3).
Described regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem technology is carried out the gibberellin (GA3) that root irrigation adopted, and concentration can be 5～10ppm, and every strain usage amount can be 100～150ml.
That is to say, at the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium preceding 2 months, at first adopt 6-BA to handle, optimum working concentration is 6-BA 100～200ppm, can be according to the difference of maturity, the then use 100ppm that maturity is good, the then use 200ppm of maturity difference.When matrix was dry, every strain adopted the dosage about 100ml to irritate root.During from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days adopt the GA3 of suitable concentration to handle, and concentration of treatment is 5～10ppm, and every strain also is to adopt suitable concentration to carry out root irrigation.The use of growth regulator must cooperate cultivation and environment conditioning measure.Relevant corresponding cultivation techniques is mainly:
1, finish and nourish and grow: fertilizer is selected average fertilizer (N: P: K=20: 20: 20) for use before August, each fertilising concentration is 1000 times (the EC value is 2～2.3, PH5.5～6.5), and the fertilizing amount of single basin is 0.1g/ time, the N of fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20,2～3 times every month.Guarantee to finish and nourish and grow, form and stop leaf by the end of August.The moisture regulation measure is to use one time water in per 5 days.
2, short flower bud differentiation:, when air is dry, begin the optimum season of florescence control for the spring stem of noble dendrobium when autumn air temperature reduces.Enter September, after the spring stem of noble dendrobium stops the leaf appearance, maintenance temperature at night below 13 ℃ 25～60 days.When spring stem of noble dendrobium bud each axil from plant begins to expand, do not shelter from heat or light the N of fertilizer: P: K=10 this moment: 30: 20, apply fertilizer 10 days once, and every strain 150～200ml that applies fertilizer, concentration is 1000 times, contains the high phosphate fertilizer of 0.1g.Water and still once be advisable with 7～10 days, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, and water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn;
3, the flowering phase: after November, when bud is elongated to 1cm, apply fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, concentration is 1000 times, uses the N of average fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20; Watered water one time in 7～10 days simultaneously, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, and water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn.
When flower bud differentiation grows into when irreversible, promptly bud is elongated to 1cm when above, the flower forcing of heating, and increase intensity of illumination this moment, do not shelter from heat or light, and can make pattern bright-coloured.Increase the number of times that waters, can water one time water in 1～2 day.Apply fertilizer 10 days once, use average fertilizer (N: P: K=20: 20: 20).
Stem of noble dendrobium plant only finished and nourished and grew spring, when form stopping leaf, just can experience extraneous low temperature induction and flower bud differentiation takes place, the very night, temperature was below 13 ℃, keeping 25～60 day spring stem of noble dendrobium plant expands gradually at axil place bud and develops into bud, it is low temperature (8～15 ℃) that bud forms most important envirment factor, and temperature is low more, and it is longer to hold time, it is short more to form the bud time, bud forms stable more, be difficult for being reversed into leaf bud more, and counterglow length is insensitive.Because the insulation in winter makes the plant whole growth process in advance, stops to execute balanced fertilizer after by the end of July, changes after 20～30 days and executes high P fertilizer (N: P: K=10: 30: 20).
4, utilization water management: stop to control that to nourish and grow be one of control important measures of nourishing and growing in the culture technique with water control method.For making plant stop to nourish and grow, the available minimizing gradually watered the water yield, and the method that arid is intermittently taken exercise forms and stops leaf.
5, suppressing bud reverses: this is a control flower key of success technology.When the plant bud begins elongation growth to the 1cm, the possibility that reverses leaf bud is all arranged, the main environment factor that influence reverses is a temperature, the very night, temperature was more than 20 ℃, daytime, temperature was more than 25 ℃, and especially under the high light direct projection, temperature is more than 28 ℃ the time, continue 2～3 days, all may make bud be reversed into leaf bud.So keep the night temperature below 20 ℃ in this period, daytime, temperature was particularly important below 25 ℃.Only in bud length more than 1cm, naked eyes have been confirmed to be bud, can not take a turn for the worse just can heat up this moment.1～2 equilibrium of applying fertilizer is fertile, promotes to bloom.
In addition, 6-BA is the fissional growth regulator of a kind of promotion, uses the growth regulator of other kinds such as KT, ZT etc. also can reach this purpose, and just quality, the effect of control are poor.Show that mainly the dosage of control and time are than the 6-BA weak effect.
6-BA, GA3 have many trade names, and main component wherein is these two kinds of growth regulators, but the title that is to use is a lot, and be multiple as Activol, application germination promotor etc.
Two kinds of growth regulators have multiple using method, adopt suitable concentration, and with different spraying, perhaps the repeatedly use of low concentration all can reach same effect.
The different joint of the pseudobulb interdigit that the invention solves the same strain spring stem of noble dendrobium is bloomed inconsistent, sporadicly blooms at winter-spring season; Reaching does not bloom between homophyletic has successively, can't bloom simultaneously, can not scale go on the market, and particularly during the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, can accurately not carry out the problem of regularly supplying flowers market in the Spring Festival.Owing to solved the difficult point in the flower forcing; the flowers enterprise that will the actively promote China production of the spring stem of noble dendrobium of going into operation in a large number; promote the formation of scale, industrialization; produce first-class product; obtain great profit, reduce the foreign exchange expenditure, promote the sustainable development of research work; formation is produced with the scientific research band, to produce the benign cycle of short scientific research.
Embodiment
Choose 50 strains of 2 years living spring stem of noble dendrobium kinds " Den white Christmas ", be divided into two groups, every group of each 250 strain, the matrix of each strain is sphagna, and these two groups respectively as A processed group and B control group.The A group is taked processing method of the present invention, the B group is taked existing technical measures.Now specifically take following measure to two groups:
The A group:
(1) at vegetative growth phase: execute 2 times average fertilizer from March 3 to every month on the 31st August, each fertilising concentration is 1000 times, and (the EC value is 2～2.3, PH5.5), the fertilizing amount of single basin is 0.1g/ time, the N of fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20, the moisture regulation measure is to use water one time in per 5 days, and temperature and illumination control measure remain on 23-25 ℃ for temperature the best, and the intensity of illumination remains on 50,000 to 60,000 lux;
(2) short flower bud differentiation and florescence control stage: after the spring stem of noble dendrobium occurs stopping leaf, keep 8-10 ℃ night temperature 45 days; When spring stem of noble dendrobium bud each axil from plant begins to expand, watered water one time in 7 days, the number of times that waters is 4 times every month, water the water yield is 150ml at every turn; The N of fertilizer: P: K=10: 30: 20, apply fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150ml, concentration is 1000 times, contains the high phosphate fertilizer of 0.1g;
(3) flowering phase: when bud is elongated to 1cm, the flower forcing of heating, temperature is 19-21 ℃, and weaken intensity of illumination this moment, and intensity of illumination is 3～50,000 lux, and the time length that keeps this temperature and illumination was 5 weeks; Watered water one time in 7 days simultaneously, the number of times that waters is 4 times every month, and water the water yield is 150ml at every turn, applies fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150ml, and concentration is 1000 times, uses the N of average fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20;
At preceding 2 months of the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium (October), adopt growth regulator to carry out root irrigation.Carry out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) that root irrigation adopts, the dosage about 130ml is adopted in every strain.Have 21 strain maturity good, the concentration of using is 100ppm.Have 4 strain maturity poor, the concentration of using is 200ppm.
In firm 13 days of sprouting of the bud of the spring stem of noble dendrobium, adopt growth regulator to carry out root irrigation, carrying out the growth regulator that root irrigation adopted is gibberellin (GA3), and concentration is 8ppm, and every strain usage amount is 120ml.
The B group:
In (1), at vegetative growth phase: from March 3 to every month on the 31st August execute 2 times average fertile, the concentration of at every turn applying fertilizer is 1000 times, the fertilizing amount of single basin is 0.15g/ time, the N of fertilizer: P: K=20: 15: 12, the moisture regulation measure was to use one time water in per 5 days.
At preceding 2 months of the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium (October), stop using rich water, use 8 ℃ of low temperature to handle the pseudobulb of 15 day spring stem of noble dendrobium.Do not use growth regulator or single GA3 of use to handle.
From estimating preceding 1 month of florescence, carry out 63 ℃ of processing of day and night temperature continuously, stop using fertilizer simultaneously, watering is reduced to 3 times every month, increases illumination, improves illumination to 7 ten thousand lux to increase the rugosity of stem of noble dendrobium pseudobulb, promotes the differentiation of bud.
The result:
The A group:
In 250 strains, have 230 strains to bloom on New Year's Day, 20 strains were bloomed second day New Year's Day, the different joint of the pseudobulb of the same strain spring stem of noble dendrobium interdigit unanimity of blooming, and not blooming between homophyletic successively is no more than 48 hours.
The B group:
In 250 strains, have 110 strains to bloom on New Year's Day, 50 strains were bloomed second day New Year's Day, and 60 strains were bloomed the 3rd day New Year's Day, and 30 strains were bloomed the 4th day New Year's Day.The different joint of the pseudobulb of same strain spring stem of noble dendrobium interdigit is bloomed inconsistent, does not bloom between homophyletic successively above 48 hours.
Analyze:
Stem of noble dendrobium plant only finished and nourished and grew spring, form when stopping leaf, just can experience extraneous low temperature induction and flower bud differentiation takes place, it is low temperature (8～15 ℃) that bud forms most important envirment factor, and temperature is low more, and it is longer to hold time, it is short more to form the bud time, bud forms stable more, be difficult for being reversed into leaf bud more, and counterglow length is insensitive.
Stop to control that to nourish and grow be one of control important measures of nourishing and growing in the culture technique with water control method.For making plant stop to nourish and grow, the available minimizing gradually watered the water yield, and the method that arid is intermittently taken exercise forms and stops leaf.
Suppressing the bud reverse is control flower key of success technology.When the plant bud begins elongation growth to the 1cm, the possibility that reverses leaf bud is all arranged, the main environment factor that influence reverses is a temperature, the very night, temperature was more than 20 ℃, daytime, temperature was more than 25 ℃, and especially under the high light direct projection, temperature is more than 28 ℃ the time, continue 2～3 days, all may make bud be reversed into leaf bud.
In addition, 6-BA is the fissional growth regulator of a kind of promotion, uses the growth regulator of other kinds such as KT, ZT etc. also can reach this purpose, and just quality, the effect of control are poor.Show that mainly the dosage of control and time are than the 6-BA weak effect.
The different joint of the pseudobulb interdigit that the invention solves the same strain spring stem of noble dendrobium is bloomed inconsistent, sporadicly blooms at winter-spring season; And do not bloom between homophyletic and have successively, can't bloom problem that can not the scale listing simultaneously.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem, it comprises nutritional control measures of fertilizer, moisture regulation measure, temperature control measure, illumination control measure, growth regulator usage measure, it is characterized in that:
(1) at vegetative growth phase: executed average fertilizer in every month by the end of August 2～3 times from the first arrival in March, each fertilising concentration is that 1000 times, EC value are 2～2.3, pH value is 5.5～6.5, the fertilizing amount of single basin is 0.1g/ time, the N of fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20, the moisture regulation measure is to use one time water in per 5 days, temperature and illumination control measure are that temperature remains on 18～28 ℃, and the intensity of illumination remains on 50,000 to 80,000 lux;
(2) short flower bud differentiation and florescence control stage: after the spring stem of noble dendrobium occurs stopping leaf, keep 8-13 ℃ night temperature 25～60 days; When spring stem of noble dendrobium bud each axil from plant begins to expand, watered water one time in 7～10 days, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn; The N of fertilizer: P: K=10: 30: 20, apply fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, concentration is 1000 times, contains the high phosphate fertilizer of 0.1g;
(3) flowering phase: when bud is elongated to 1cm, the flower forcing of heating, temperature is 18～25 ℃, and weaken intensity of illumination this moment, and intensity of illumination is 3～50,000 lux, and the time length that keeps this temperature and illumination was 4～6 weeks; Watered water one time in 7～10 days simultaneously, the number of times that waters is 3～4 times every month, and water the water yield is 150～200ml at every turn, applies fertilizer 10 days once, every strain fertilising 150～200ml, and concentration is 1000 times, uses the N of average fertilizer: P: K=20: 20: 20;
Estimate preceding 2 months of florescence at the spring stem of noble dendrobium, adopt a kind of growth regulator to carry out root irrigation; From during stem of noble dendrobium flower bud germination 10～15 days spring, adopt another kind of growth regulator to carry out root irrigation.
2, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at the expectation florescence of the spring stem of noble dendrobium preceding 2 months, carrying out a kind of growth regulator that root irrigation adopts was 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA.
3, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 2 is characterized in that, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA that root irrigation adopts, and working concentration is 100～200ppm, and the dosage about 100～150ml is adopted in every strain.
4, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 3 is characterized in that, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA that root irrigation adopts, and working concentration is 100ppm when maturity is good.
5, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 3 is characterized in that, carries out the growth regulator 6-benzyl aminopurine 6-BA that root irrigation adopts, and working concentration is 200ppm when the maturity difference.
6, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days, and carrying out the another kind of growth regulator that root irrigation adopted is gibberellin GA3.
7, method for regulating and controlling blooming period of spring dendrobium stem according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the gibberellin GA3 that root irrigation adopted is carried out in during from the flower bud germination of the spring stem of noble dendrobium 10～15 days, and concentration is 5～10ppm, and every strain usage amount is 100～150ml.
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