CN112021026A - Method for regulating and controlling flowering period and flowering characters of cymbidium sinense - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling flowering period and flowering characters of cymbidium sinense Download PDFInfo
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 241000173252 Cymbidium sinense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004062 cytokinin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytokinin Natural products C1=NC=2C(NCC=C(CO)C)=NC=NC=2N1C1CC(O)C(CO)O1 UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000272194 Ciconiiformes Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000031877 prophase Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000321384 Gymnadenia rhellicani Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 241000732800 Cymbidium Species 0.000 description 11
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000173289 Cymbidium goeringii Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000017141 Cymbidium goeringii Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008147 floral bud development Effects 0.000 description 1
- RFKJHQXSLBUONF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl blue free acid Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)C=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)C=C1 RFKJHQXSLBUONF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling the flowering period and flowering characters of cymbidium sinense. According to the method, fertilizer water, illumination and temperature management are performed in the flower forcing process, a mixed solution I of the plant growth regulator is sprayed in the early stage of flower bud differentiation to promote flower bud differentiation to be completed in advance, and a mixed solution II of the plant growth regulator is sprayed again in the elongation stage of the flower arrow to promote the elongation of the flower arrow and the development of the inflorescence. By using the method, the number of buds of each pot is 2-3, the number of flowers on each inflorescence is increased, the number of the flowers is 3 more than that of the control, the flowers are enlarged, and the initial flowering phase can be advanced by 24 days. The method ensures that the cymbidium sinense opens before spring festival, improves flowering quality, increases flower arrows, inflorescences, flowers and flowers, has better ornamental effect, lays a foundation for meeting the huge demand of flowers in the evening of the year, further realizes the aims of further expanding the market and improving the market share, and has outstanding economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering period and the flowering character of cymbidium sinense.
Background
Cymbidium (Cymbidium. sinense) is a floret type groundcrop seed in Cymbidium (Cymbidium) of Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae), has strong fragrance of flower fragrance, light and elegant color, beautiful flower appearance and elegant leaf state, is one of the traditional nameplate flowers in China, and has good market value. The cymbidium sinense is the national cymbidium with the largest industrial popularization area, is well pursued and loved by consumers and growers, has great market potential, and is the main production area of the cymbidium sinense in Guangdong. The traditional consumption period of China for flowers is mainly focused on spring festival and holidays of other important festivals, the flowering period of the cymbidium sinense is from 10 months to 3 months next year, the cymbidium sinense is generally sold on the market when the cymbidium sinense naturally blooms, or plants without flowers are directly sold, but the selling price of the plants with the flowers is much higher than that of the plants without the flowers. The consumption of cymbidium is mainly concentrated in spring festival, and at other times, the market consumption is limited because it cannot bloom. The market needs to be kept in a high level for the industrialization of cymbidium sinense, and the cymbidium sinense can be bloomed and sold at a low cost. However, the current market still lacks an accurate and efficient cymbidium sinense flowering phase regulation and cultivation technology, so that the occupation rate of the cymbidium sinense in the overnight market and the export market is greatly influenced. Therefore, how to regulate and control the flowering phase, improve the flowering character of cymbidium sinense and grasp the accurate flowering regulation and control measures of cymbidium sinense becomes an important way for improving the commodity value and the market demand of cymbidium sinense.
Factors influencing the growth, development and flowering of cymbidium sinense comprise fertilizers, matrixes, temperature, illumination, hormones and the like, and in the flowering period regulation research, the flowering regulation of various ornamental plants can be realized by controlling the temperature, the illumination, the nutrition ratio and the plant growth regulator. The Pan-red and leaf celebration find that the low temperature can promote the flower bud differentiation and development of the cymbidium sinense. Light exposure is also an important factor affecting the differentiation of cymbidium goeringii buds, the growth of flower stalks and flowering (Vermilion and Guosheng, 2004). The plant growth regulator has certain influence on the flowering of the cymbidium sinense, such as the 6-BA treatment of the cymbidium sinense with advanced flowering period and excellent flower quality (Liu Bi Rong, 2016); spraying NAA can delay the flowering phase of cymbidium sinense and inhibit the growth of flower arrows, the abortion of florets is serious, and the effect is more obvious when the concentration is higher (He Bizhu et al, 2016). 50mg/L SA can effectively prolong the flowering phase of the cymbidium sinense, and 50mg/L GA3+25mg/L SA is beneficial to increase of the number of the cymbidium sinense inflorescence flowers. 100mg/L GA3 and low-concentration SA can shorten the flowering period of the cymbidium sinense (Li Shu Mao, 2016), and the spraying of 500-1500 mg/L cycocel in the small boll-expelling period of the cymbidium sinense with the flower buds growing can lead the cymbidium sinense to flower late, but can improve the flower quality and the fruiting rate (Liuliujiao, etc., 2018). Although there are few reports of the plant growth regulators regulating the flowering phase of cymbidium sinense, the time required for flowering treatment and flowering quality in the reports are not significantly different from those of the control. The regulation and control period and the treatment mode have obvious influence on the flowering time, the report does not show any description, the study on the flowering phase regulation of the cymbidium sinense is not fine and comprehensive enough, and the flowering phase regulation and control effects of different cymbidium sinense varieties under different management modes in different regions are different. At present, no mature technical system for regulating the flowering phase of cymbidium sinense exists in production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for regulating and controlling the flowering period and the flowering characters of cymbidium sinense.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for regulating and controlling the flowering period and the flowering characters of cymbidium sinense comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution I for the first time to promote flower bud differentiation at the early stage of flower bud differentiation: spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution I at the early stage of the flower bud differentiation of cymbidium sinense, and manually regulating and promoting the flower bud differentiation; spraying once every week for 6 times; the mixed solution I of the plant growth regulator contains 50-100 parts of gibberellin
mg/L and 100-150 mg/L of cytokinin 6-aminopurine;
(2) in the flower arrow elongation period, spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution II for the second time to promote the elongation of the flower arrow, and regulating the flowering quality and the flowering time: in the flower arrow elongation period, spraying a plant growth regulator II to promote the flower arrow elongation, regulate the flowering quality and advance flowering; spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 4 times; the plant growth regulator mixed solution II comprises the following components: gibberellin 100mg/L + cytokinin 6-aminopurine 50 mg/L.
The Chinese ink blue in the step (1) is preferably white ink; more preferably penguin white ink.
The plant growth regulator mixed solution I in the step (1) preferably comprises the following components: gibberellin 100mg/L and cytokinin 6-aminopurine 150 mg/L.
The flower bud differentiation prophase in the step (1) is 8.8-8.22 days; preferably 8.15 days.
The elongation period of the floral arrow in the step (2) is 10.25-11.8 days; preferably 11.1 days.
And (3) performing water control treatment on the cymbidium sinense plants 2 days before and after the plant growth regulator mixed solution in the steps (1) and (2) is sprayed.
The mixed solution of the plant growth regulator in the steps (1) and (2) is sprayed in a way that the leaf back, the leaf surface and the pseudobulb are sprayed to be totally wet.
The solvent of the mixed solution of the plant growth regulator in the steps (1) and (2) is water.
Step (1) and step (2) fertilizer water, illumination and temperature management during flower forcing: starting spraying the plant growth regulator mixed solution I and ending spraying the plant growth regulator II, changing the water and fertilizer conditions in the cultivation process, and alternately applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and a high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; spraying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uniform fertilizer all the time after spraying the plant growth regulator II; controlling the water content to be applied once or twice every 7 days, and spraying and completely pouring the substrate according to the weather and the dryness and humidity of the substrate; shading by adopting a shading net when the light is strong at noon, so that the light is controlled at 2000-15000 Lux; the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be not higher than 33 ℃ in the daytime and not lower than 10 ℃ at night.
The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is preferably N, P, K, 20 and 20.
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer is preferably N, P, K, 10, 30 and 20.
The fertilizing frequency of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 7-10 days and 1 time; preferably once in 7 days.
The fertilizing concentration of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 2000-3000 times that of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer diluted by adding water.
The fertilizing mode of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is leaf back spraying, and the leaf backs are required to be completely wet and have liquid drops.
The greenhouse temperature is preferably controlled to be 20-33 ℃ in the daytime and 10-27 ℃ at night; more preferably 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-25 ℃ at night.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects
1. The method of the invention adopts the alternate spraying of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and high phosphorus potassium fertilizer in the flowering accelerating period, which not only can ensure the normal vegetative growth of plants, but also can promote the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and promote the differentiation process of flower buds. The regulation and control are carried out in two periods, the plant growth regulator mixed solution I is sprayed in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, the flower bud differentiation can be promoted to be completed in advance, and the number of flower buds in each pot is increased by 2-3 compared with the control on average; and spraying the plant growth regulator mixed solution II again in the elongation stage of the floral arrows, so that the elongation of the floral arrows can be promoted, the inflorescence development is promoted, the number of flowers on each inflorescence is increased, 3 flowers are increased on average compared with the control, the flowers are also enlarged, the early flowering is promoted, and the early flowering stage is 24 days earlier than the control.
2. The method of the invention has the advantages of easy operation, low cost and convenient implementation, and is particularly suitable for mass production in flower fields of various scales.
3. The method regulates and controls the flowering time of the cymbidium sinense, so that the cymbidium sinense is stably opened before spring festival, the flowering quality of the cymbidium sinense is improved, the flower arrows of each pot are increased and lengthened, the inflorescence is lengthened, the number of flowers is increased, the flowers are enlarged, the ornamental effect is better, a foundation is laid for meeting the large demand of the annual cymbidium sinense, the market is further expanded, the market share is improved, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1 spray-application of different plant growth regulator mixture solutions I in flower bud differentiation prophase and flower arrow elongation period, selection and management of cymbidium sinense material
The method is characterized in that a Cymbidium sinense cultivation variety 'penguin white ink' is used as a material, three-year-old healthy and strong seedlings are selected, the number of seedlings in each pot is 5-8, and the seedlings are purchased from the flower market of Guangdong Chencun. Changing the water and fertilizer conditions in the cultivation process from 8.15 days to 11.23 days, and alternately applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and a high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application frequency is 7 days and 1 time; and after 11.23 days, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sprayed. The fertilizer concentration is 2000 times of that of water diluted by adding, the proportion of the fertilizer is N, P, K is 20:20:20, the proportion of the high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer is N, P, K is 10:30:20, and the spraying of the leaf back is carried out, and the leaf back is required to be completely wet and have liquid drops to drop. Moisture control was applied once to twice every 7 days, depending on the weather and the dryness of the substrate, with the substrate being sprayed through. Shading by adopting a shading net when the light is strong at noon, so that the light is controlled at 2000-15000 Lux in the daytime. The greenhouse conditions are controlled to be 20-33 ℃ in the daytime and 10-27 ℃ at night.
Secondly, spraying a mixed solution I of a plant growth regulator to regulate the flower bud differentiation and the flower bud development of the cymbidium sinense
From 8.15 days, 4 plant growth regulator mixed solutions I are synchronously sprayed on a treatment group to promote flower bud differentiation; spraying is carried out once a week and continuously for 6 times. The plant growth regulator mixed solution I contains 50-100 mg/L gibberellin and 100-150 mg/L cytokinin 6-aminopurine, and the mixture ratio is shown in Table 1. Preparing 30L of each mixture ratio, treating 30 pots of plant materials respectively, requiring that the leaf back, the leaf surface and the periphery of the pseudobulb are all sprayed with moisture, and performing water control treatment on the cymbidium sinense plant 2 days before and after spraying. The control group is sprayed with equal amount of water, and the rest temperature and illumination are consistent with those of the fertilizer water management and treatment groups.
TABLE 1 concentration ratio of mixed solution I of plant growth regulator
The spray treatment experiment was completed on day 9.19 with the mixed solution of plant growth regulators I, at which time the flower buds had begun to form in the treated group, while no flower buds had been seen in the control group. All flower buds of the treatment group and the control group are separated from the pseudobulb in 10.20 days, the flower buds of the treatment group are basically consistent in size and are full, the flower buds of the control group are inconsistent in size, part of the flower buds are very weak and small, the differentiated flower buds of the treatment group and the control group are obviously different, and the table 2 shows that the flower buds of 4 treatment groups of the plant growth regulator mixed solution I are obviously more than those of the control group, and the flower buds of 4 treatment groups are not obviously different, so that the plant growth regulator mixed solution I can promote the formation of the flower buds, can complete the differentiation in advance, and ensures the uniformity of the flower buds completing the differentiation. The same letters in table 2 indicate no significant difference, and the different lower case letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level.
TABLE 2 number of flower buds differentiated after spraying of plant growth regulator mixture solution
Thirdly, spraying mixed solution II of plant growth regulator to regulate the blooming of the cymbidium sinense
After the cymbidium goeringii flower buds are differentiated, the flower buds grow gradually and grow out of bracts beside pseudobulbs, 11.1 flower buds already grow out, the length of the flower buds is about 3-5 cm, and at the moment, the flower arrows enter a slow extension period. Spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution II from 11.1 days: treatment group 1, dividing the material treated by T4 in step two into two portions, each portion having 15 pots; treating A and spraying a plant growth regulator II; treating B, spraying equal amount of clear water; and the control CK is the control CK material in the step two, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed in the two periods before and after. Spraying for 1 time every week, continuously spraying for 4 times, and finishing treatment for 11 months and 22 days. Counting the time required for flowering, the number of flowers after the flowers are fully opened, the length of flower arrows, the length of inflorescences and the size of the flowers from day 11 and 23 to the initial flowering stage. The plant growth regulator mixed solution II comprises the following components: gibberellin 50mg/L and cytokinin 6-aminopurine 100mg/L, and the solvent is water; the leaf back, the leaf surface and the periphery of the pseudobulb are required to be sprayed with water completely, and the water control treatment is carried out on the cymbidium sinense plants 2 days before and after spraying. The rest temperature and illumination are consistent with the fertilizer and water management and the early stage.
After the treatment A is sprayed with the plant growth regulator II, the flower arrows are quickly extended, the small boll-expelling period is shortened, the inflorescences are also quickly extended, the large boll-expelling period is shorter, the small boll-expelling period and the large boll-expelling period of the treatment B are the next to each other, and the extension speed of the flower arrows in the control CK group is the slowest; treatment A blossomed earliest and began flowering 1.20 days, treatment B blossomed second and began flowering 2.2 days, and CK blossomed latest and began flowering 2.14 days. The final flowering time, the length of the flower arrow, the length of the inflorescence, the number of flowers and the length of sepals of the three are obviously different. Table 3 lists the initial flowering stage, time required for flowering, number of flowers, length of sepals, length of flower arrows and inflorescences after treatment. In table 3, the same letters indicate no significant difference, different lower case letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level, and different upper case letters indicate significant difference at the 0.01 level. The results showed that treatment A bloomed earliest, with a time from completion of treatment to the initial flowering phase of about 59 days, flowering shortest, CK flowering longest, about 84 days, and flowering latest, treatment A bloomed 24 days earlier than control, and treatment B bloomed 12 days earlier than control; the total number of flowers, the length of the flower arrow, the length of the inflorescence and the length of sepals of each flower arrow of the three flowers and the three arrows after blossom are obviously different, the number of the flowers on each flower arrow of the A treated flower arrow is the largest, the flowers and the arrows reach 16 flowers on average and are 3 flowers more than that of the control, the length of the flower arrow and the length of the inflorescence of the A treated flower arrow are obviously longer than that of the control, the length of the flower arrow is 11.5cm longer than that of the control, the length of the inflorescence is 6.7cm longer than that of the control, the flower shelf-out effect is better, and the length of the sepals. Comprehensively, the flowering ornamental effect of the treatment A is the best, which shows that the plant growth regulator II is sprayed again in the elongation period (11 months) of the flower arrow, so that the elongation of the flower arrow and the inflorescence is promoted, the growth of flowers is promoted, the time required by flowering is shortened, and the flowering ornamental value of the whole plant is improved.
From the completion of the treatment of spraying the plant growth regulator II to the initial flowering phase, the time required for flowering is about 2 months, and according to the conclusion, the initial time of spraying the plant growth regulator II is changed in the elongation phase (10.20-11.30 days) of the floral arrows, so that the flowering time of cymbidium sinense is accurately regulated and controlled.
TABLE 3 comparison of flowering behavior after spraying plant growth regulator II in the elongation period of the floral arrows
In conclusion, in the flowering phase regulation of cymbidium, from 8 months, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are alternately applied in the fertilizer-water management of cymbidium, firstly, the plant growth regulator mixed liquor I (GA 350-100 mg/L +6-BA 100-150 mg/L) is sprayed at the early stage of flower bud differentiation (8 months), and secondly, the plant growth regulator mixed liquor II (GA 3100 mg/L +6-BA 50mg/L) is sprayed at the elongation stage of flower arrows (11 months). The measures can well promote the differentiation and formation of flower buds, the cymbidium can form more flower arrows, the number of the flowers on the flower arrows is more, the flowers are larger, the flower arrows and inflorescences are longer, the effect of the flower arrows coming out of the frame is better, and the flowering time can be advanced by 24 days compared with the control. By utilizing the comprehensive regulation and control measure, the flowering shape of the cymbidium sinense can be better improved, the flowering time can be more effectively regulated, the cymbidium sinense can bloom before the spring festival, and the effect of flowering on the part to be spent is achieved.
Comparative example 1 spraying plant growth regulator in flower bud differentiation stage to regulate flowering stage
First, selecting and managing cymbidium material
The method is characterized in that a Cymbidium sinense cultivation variety 'penguin white ink' is used as a material, three-year-old healthy and strong seedlings are selected, the number of seedlings in each pot is 5-8, and the seedlings are purchased from the flower market of Guangdong Chencun. From 9.15 days to the flowering period, changing the water and fertilizer conditions in the cultivation process, and changing the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied in the early stage into high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer application frequency is 7 days and 1 time; the high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is prepared by spraying the leaf back with the ratio of N to P to K being 10 to 30 to 20, wherein the leaf back is required to be completely wet and liquid drops are dripped; the concentration of fertilizer application is 2000 times of that of water dilution. Moisture control was applied once to twice every 7 days, depending on the weather and the dryness of the substrate, with the substrate being sprayed through. Shading by adopting a shading net when the light is strong at noon, so that the light is controlled below 2000-15000 Lux in the daytime. The greenhouse conditions are controlled to be 20-33 ℃ in the daytime and 10-27 ℃ at night.
Secondly, the sprayed plant growth regulator regulates the flower bud differentiation and the flowering time of the cymbidium sinense
From 9.15 days, spraying 50-200 mg/L (G1, G2 and G3) of single plant growth regulator gibberellin, 50-200 mg/L (B1, B2 and B3) of single cytokinin 6-aminopurine or mixed solution H1 of plant growth regulators to a treatment group: 50mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, H2:100mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA; spraying is carried out once a week and continuously for 6 times. 30L of plant material is prepared in each treatment, 30 pots of plant material are treated respectively, the leaf back, the leaf surface and the periphery of the pseudobulb are required to be sprayed and moistened, and water control treatment is carried out on the cymbidium sinense plant 2 days before and after spraying. The control group CK is sprayed with equal amount of water, and the rest temperature and illumination are consistent with those of the fertilizer water management and treatment groups.
The spraying experiment of the plant growth regulator is completed in 10.20 days, at the moment, the flower buds of the treatment group begin to form, the flower buds of the control group also form, the time difference of the flower buds of the treatment group and the control group is not obvious, and the flower buds are consistent in size. However, the number of differentiated flower buds of the treated group and the control group is obviously different, the time required for flowering and the flowering traits are counted from 10.21 to the initial flowering stage, and the treated group and the control group are also different, as shown in table 4: the 6-BA can promote the increase of the number of the flower buds, the GA3 can not promote the increase of the number of the flower buds, the mixed solution can also promote the increase of the number of the flower buds, and when the concentration of the 6-BA is 100mg/L and 200mg/L, the number of the differentiated flower buds is obviously more than that of the control and the treatment of spraying GA 3; the 6-BA spraying can also promote early flowering, the time required by flowering is less than that of the control and the GA3 spraying, but the difference is not obvious, the flowering promoting effect of the mixed solution is equivalent to that of the 6-BA spraying alone, the difference between the two is not obvious, and the B2 treatment with the earliest flowering time can flower 5 days earlier than the control; and GA3 can not promote early flowering, and after 200mg/L of GA3 is sprayed, partial leaves of the plants turn yellow, and normal growth of the plants is influenced.
Comparing the flowering traits of these 8 treatments and controls, the results in table 5 show: when the concentration of 6-BA is 50mg/L or mixed solutions H1 and H2 containing 6-BA are sprayed, the number of flowers on each flower arrow is obviously more than that of the control, the number of flowers on each flower arrow is 1.5 on average, when the concentration of 6-BA is increased, the number of flowers on each flower arrow is not different from that of the control, and after GA3 is sprayed, the number of flowers on each flower arrow is less than that of the control; the length of the sepals is measured and compared with the size of the flowers, the length of the sepals is smaller than that of the control after 6-BA spraying, the size of the flowers is smaller than that of the control, the size of the flowers is not different from that of the control after GA3 spraying, the length of the sepals sprayed with the mixed growth regulator is slightly smaller than that of the control, but the length of the sepals is longer than that of the sepals sprayed with 6-BA; comparing the lengths of the flower arrows, the lengths of the inflorescences and the distances between the two flowers shows that: after 6-BA spraying is carried out, the lengths of the flower arrows, the lengths of inflorescences and the flower spaces are obviously shorter than those of the contrasts, the effect of the flower arrows coming out of the frame is poor, part of the flower arrows cannot come out of the frame, the flowers are tightly distributed on the flower arrows, and especially when the 6-BA is 200mg/L, the flowers at the tops are densely gathered together, and part of the flowers are deformed to be open or cannot be normally opened, so that the ornamental value is seriously influenced; after GA3 is sprayed, the length of flower arrow, the length of inflorescence and the distance between flowers are all longer than those of the control; the mixed growth regulators H1 and H2 are sprayed, the length of the flower arrow, the length of the inflorescence and the flower spacing are consistent with the effect of spraying GA3, and the effects are all better than those of a control.
In conclusion, after 6-BA, GA3 or a mixed solution of the 6-BA and the GA3 is sprayed in the flower bud differentiation period, the 6-BA can promote the differentiation of flower buds, and the 6-BA with the concentration of 100-200 mg/L can promote early flowering, but compared with a control, the early flowering period is not obvious only 5 days earlier, and after the 6-BA with high concentration is sprayed, flowers are small, the length of flower arrows and the length of inflorescences are short, the fruiting effect is poor, a flower cluster is used on the top, part of the flowers cannot bloom, and the ornamental effect is poor. After GA3 is sprayed in the flower bud differentiation period, GA3 cannot promote flower bud differentiation and premature flowering. The spraying of the mixed solution containing 6-BA and GA3 has the flower promoting effect and the growth length of flower arrow between that of 6-BA and GA3, and can promote the differentiation of flower bud and early flowering, but the flowering time has no obvious difference compared with that of 6-BA sprayed singly. Therefore, the spraying of the plant growth regulator in the cymbidium goeringii flower bud differentiation period cannot achieve a good flowering period regulation effect.
TABLE 4 influence of spraying exogenous hormones of different concentrations on flower bud number and flowering time in flower bud differentiation period
Note: the difference in letters represents a significant difference at the 5% level, with the number from flowering day indicating the number of days required from the end of the last treatment to flowering; treatment B1: 50mg/L of 6-BA; treatment B2: 100mg/L of 6-BA; treatment B3: 200mg/L of 6-BA; processing G1: 50mg/L GA 3; processing G2: 100mg/L GA 3; processing G3: 200mg/L GA 3; h1: 50mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, H2:100mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA; CK is (clear water) control.
TABLE 5 influence of spraying exogenous hormones with different concentrations on flowering characteristics of cymbidium sinense in flower bud differentiation period
Note: the difference in letters represents a significant difference at the 5% level, with the number from flowering day indicating the number of days required from the end of the last treatment to flowering; treatment B1: 50mg/L of 6-BA; treatment B2: 100mg/L of 6-BA; treatment B3: 200mg/L of 6-BA; processing G1: 50mg/L GA 3; processing G2: 100mg/L GA 3; processing G3: 200mg/L GA 3; h1: 50mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, H2:100mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA; CK is (clear water) control.
Comparative example 2 spraying plant growth regulator in elongation period of cymbidium sinense arrow to regulate flowering period
First, selecting and managing cymbidium material
Selecting three-year-old healthy and strong seedlings with the number of 5-8 seedlings in each pot, extracting 3-4 flower arrows from each pot, applying a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer, and fertilizing for 1 time in 7 days by taking a Cymbidium sinense cultivated variety 'penguin' as a material; the high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is prepared by spraying the leaf back with the ratio of N to P to K being 10 to 30 to 20, wherein the leaf surface is required to be completely wet and liquid drops are dripped; the concentration of fertilizer application is 2000 times of that of water dilution. Moisture control was applied once to twice every 7 days, depending on the weather and the dryness of the substrate, with the substrate being sprayed through. Shading by adopting a shading net when the light is strong at noon, so that the light is controlled at 2000-15000 Lux in the daytime. The greenhouse conditions are controlled to be 20-33 ℃ in the daytime and 10-27 ℃ at night.
Secondly, spraying plant growth regulator to regulate and control the flowering time of cymbidium sinense
In month 11, the floral arrows have grown out, in a slow elongation phase. From 11.15 days, spraying single plant growth regulator gibberellin 50-150 mg/L (G4, G5 and G6), single cytokinin 6-aminopurine 50-150 mg/L (B4, B5 and B6) and plant growth regulator mixed solution H3: 50mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, H4:100mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, spraying once a week, and continuously spraying for 4 times. 30L of plant material is prepared in each treatment, 30 pots of plant material is treated respectively, the leaf back, the leaf surface and the periphery of the pseudo bulb are required to be sprayed completely, the leaf back, the leaf surface and the pseudo bulb are required to be wetted completely, and water control treatment is carried out on the cymbidium sinense plant 2 days before and after spraying. The control group CK is sprayed with equal amount of water, and the rest temperature and illumination are consistent with those of the fertilizer water management and treatment groups. The effects on flowering time and flowering quality were compared.
The plant growth regulator is sprayed in 12.6 days, the growth heights of the flower arrows are inconsistent, the extension speed of the flower arrow sprayed with GA3 is fastest, GA3+6-BA is the second time, 6-BA is sprayed the slowest, the flowering time required by each treatment is counted from 12.7 to the initial flowering period, and the flowering characters are observed. The flowering time and flowering trait were different between the treated group and the control group, as shown in table 6: spraying the 6-BA + GA3 mixed solution and spraying single 6-BA can promote early flowering, the time required for flowering is shorter than that of a control and that of spraying GA3, the two mixed growth regulators 6-BA + GA3 have the best effect, but the best flowering promoting effect H4 is only flowering 5 days earlier than that of the control, and spraying GA3 cannot promote early flowering. Comparing the flowering quality of the 8 treatments and the control, wherein the number of flowers on the 7 treated flower arrows was not significantly different from the control, and was 1 more than the control only when the sprayed GA3 was 150 mg/L; the length of the sepals is measured and compared with the size of the flowers, the length of the sepals is smaller than that of the control after 6-BA spraying, the length of the sepals is smaller than that of the control, the length of the sepals is larger than that of the control after GA3 spraying, the size of the sepals is larger than that of the control, and the size of the sepals and the size of the flowers have no obvious difference with that of the control after 6-BA + GA3 spraying; comparing the lengths of the flower arrows, the lengths of the inflorescences and the distances between the two flowers shows that: the lengths of the flower arrows and the inflorescences of 50 mg/L6-BA have no obvious difference with the comparison, and after 100-150 mg/L6-BA is sprayed, the lengths of the flower arrows, the lengths of the inflorescences and the flower spaces are obviously shorter than those of the comparison, so that the flower arrow shelving effect is poor; and when the single GA3 and the mixed solution 6-BA + GA3 are sprayed, the length of the flower arrow, the length of the inflorescence and the flower spacing are all longer than those of the control, but the growth of the flower arrow is too high, and the ornamental effect of the whole pot of plants is also influenced.
In conclusion, after 6-BA, GA3 or mixed solution 6-BA + GA3 is sprayed in the elongation period of the flower arrow, the 6-BA can promote early flowering, but compared with a control, the early flowering method can only be advanced by 5 days at most, the early flowering time is not obvious, the commercial benefit is limited, and after the high-concentration 6-BA is sprayed, flowers are small, the length of the flower arrow and the length of a inflorescence are short, and the frame-out effect is poor; GA3 did not promote early flowering. After the mixed solution 6-BA + GA3 is sprayed, not only can early flowering be promoted, but also the elongation of the flower arrow and the inflorescence can be promoted, and the flower grows normally. Compared with 8 treatments, the mixed growth regulator 6-BA + GA3 with a certain concentration is sprayed, the flower promoting effect and the flowering quality are optimal, but compared with a control, the control can flower only 5 days earlier at most, and the commercial benefit is limited. Therefore, only spraying different plant growth regulators in the elongation period of the floral arrow cannot achieve a good flowering period regulation effect which can be popularized and applied.
TABLE 6 influence of spraying exogenous hormones with different concentrations on flowering of cymbidium sinense during elongation period
Note: alphabetic differences represent significant differences at the 5% level, days to flowering refer to the days required from the end of the last treatment to flowering, B4: 50mg/L of 6-BA; b5: 100mg/L of 6-BA; b6: 150 mg/L6-BA; g4: 50mg/L GA 3; g5: 100mg/L GA 3; g6: 150mg/L GA 3; h3: 50mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, H4:100mg/L GA3+50 mg/L6-BA, CK is (clear water) control.
In summary, the regulation scheme in example 1 was used: firstly, spraying plant growth regulator mixed liquor I (GA 350-100 mg/L +6-BA 100-150 mg/L) at the early stage (8 months) of flower bud differentiation, and secondly, spraying plant growth regulator mixed liquor II (GA 3100 mg/L +6-BA 50mg/L) at the elongation stage (11 months) of the flower arrow.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the flowering period and the flowering characters of cymbidium sinense is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution I for the first time to promote flower bud differentiation at the early stage of flower bud differentiation: spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution I at the early stage of the flower bud differentiation of cymbidium sinense, and manually regulating and promoting the flower bud differentiation; spraying once every week for 6 times; the mixed solution I of the plant growth regulator contains 50-100 mg/L of gibberellin and 100-150 mg/L of cytokinin 6-aminopurine;
(2) in the flower arrow elongation period, spraying a plant growth regulator mixed solution II for the second time to promote the elongation of the flower arrow, and regulating the flowering quality and the flowering time: in the flower arrow elongation period, spraying a plant growth regulator II to promote the flower arrow elongation, regulate the flowering quality and advance flowering; spraying for 1 time every week and continuously spraying for 4 times; the plant growth regulator mixed solution II comprises the following components: gibberellin 100mg/L + cytokinin 6-aminopurine 50 mg/L.
2. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the Chinese ink orchid in the step (1) is white ink;
the plant growth regulator mixed solution I in the step (1) comprises the following components: gibberellin 100mg/L and cytokinin 6-aminopurine 150 mg/L.
3. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the black orchid in the step (1) is penguin white ink.
4. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the flower bud differentiation prophase in the step (1) is 8.8-8.22 days;
and (3) the elongation period of the floral arrow in the step (2) is 10.25-11.8 days.
5. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the flower bud differentiation prophase in the step (1) is 8.15 days;
the elongation period of the floral arrow in the step (2) is 11.1 days.
6. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
performing water control treatment on the cymbidium sinense plants 2 days before and after the plant growth regulator mixed solution in the steps (1) and (2) is sprayed;
the mixed solution of the plant growth regulator in the steps (1) and (2) is sprayed in a way that the leaf back, the leaf surface and the pseudobulb are sprayed to be totally wet;
the solvent of the mixed solution of the plant growth regulator in the steps (1) and (2) is water.
7. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step (1) and step (2) fertilizer water, illumination and temperature management during flower forcing: starting spraying the plant growth regulator mixed solution I and ending spraying the plant growth regulator II, changing the water and fertilizer conditions in the cultivation process, and alternately applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and a high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; spraying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uniform fertilizer all the time after spraying the plant growth regulator II; controlling the water content to be applied once or twice every 7 days, and spraying and completely pouring the substrate according to the weather and the dryness and humidity of the substrate; shading by adopting a shading net when the light is strong at noon, so that the light is controlled at 2000-15000 Lux; the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be not higher than 33 ℃ in the daytime and not lower than 10 ℃ at night.
8. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is N, P and K is 20, 20 and 20;
the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer is N, P and K is 10, 30 and 20.
9. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
the fertilizing frequency of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 7-10 days and 1 time;
the fertilizing concentration of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 2000-3000 times that of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer diluted by adding water;
the fertilizing mode of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium uniform fertilizer and the high-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is leaf back spraying, and the leaf backs are required to be completely wet and have liquid drops.
10. The method for modulating the flowering phase and flowering trait of cymbidium sinense as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 20-33 ℃ in the daytime and 10-27 ℃ at night.
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